Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests in coated particulate form
  • A01N25/28—Microcapsules or nanocapsules
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
  • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
  • A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
  • A01N47/12—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, neither directly attached to a ring nor the nitrogen atom being a member of a heterocyclic ring

Definitions

• the present invention relates to stable water formulations of 3-iodo-2-propynyl butyl carbamate (IPBC) and to its preparation process.
• IPBC 3-iodo-2-propynyl butyl carbamate
• the present invention relates to water suspensions of microcapsules containing IPBC having the following combination of properties:
• IPBC 3-iodo-2-propynyl butyl carbamate
• fungus is used to preseve from the fungus attack various types of substrata, intermediate compositions and final product, as for example paints and other coating products, surfactants, proteins, starch-based compositions, products for cosmetic use, inks, emulsions, resins, plasters, cement surfaces, wood, skins, plastics and textiles, lubric-ants and working fluids used in industrial circuits.
• biocide is widely known to prevent degradation due to the microorganism action also in polymeric dispersions, water based products, latexes containing polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylates or vinyl polymers, thickening solutions containing cellulose derivatives, kaolin-based suspensions. Said degradation in fact can negatively impart the quality and the performances of these products as the microorganism attack produces, among other effects, variations in the pH and in the rheological properties of the composi-tions, decoloration, gas formation and smells.
• IPBC IP-based compositions
• the degradation is practic-ally shown by the formation of elementary iodine and other free radicals which, besides decreasing the biocidal efficacy thereof, confer to the IPBC-based compositions and, con-sequently to the substratum on which said compositions are applied, a coloration ranging from yellow to brown.
• the yellowing is particularly a drawback in substrata where a white colour is desired.
• IPBC degradation is observed in water-based formulations and also in IPBC solvent-based formulations as, for example, N-methyl pyrrolidone, Texanol® (2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentandiol isobutyrate), dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) and dipropylene glycol.
• IPBC solvent-based formulations as, for example, N-methyl pyrrolidone, Texanol® (2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentandiol isobutyrate), dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) and dipropylene glycol.
• DMSO dimethylsulphoxide
• IPBC liquid biocide formulations are known in the prior art additioned with suitable compounds to improve the IPBC chemical stability.
• U.S. Pat. No. 4,552,885 describes the use of 2,2,6,6-tetraalkylpiperidine and of a UV absorber to stabilize fungicide organic liquid formulations of for example IPBC, against the degradation caused by the light.
• U.S. Pat. No. 4,276,211 describes an epoxidated organic stabilizer to be added to liquid compositions containing iodo alkynyl carbamates, as IPBC, to reduce the yellowing phenomenon.
• U.S. Pat. No. 6,353,021 describes biocidal liquid compositions containing halopropynyl butyl carbamate, such as IPBC, stabilized to the degradation and the yellowing by using a synergistic mixture of a UV absorber and an epoxidated organic component.
• IPBC liquid compositions in solvent for example Texanol®, additioned with polyethylen glycol, or with polypropylen glycol or with polypropylen glycol glyceryl ester, showing colour stability, even at high temperatures and at the light.
• U.S. Pat. No. 6,506,794 describes water IPBC formulations stabilized by the use of partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol and a wetting agent.
• IPBC liquid biocidal formulations show the following drawbacks: when the solvent of the biocidal formulations is immiscible with water, the IPBC formulations are incompatible, that is, immiscible, with aqueous compositions causing unhomogeneous end compositions. When, on the contrary, the solvent is miscible with water, besides dissolving in waste waters and penetrating the ground, it is not capable to solubilize IPBC which immediately crystallizes bringing to a decrease of its efficacy.
• IPBC biocidal formulations in the form of IPBC dispersions show drawbacks. When stored for long periods they partially loose their biocidal efficacy owing to the tendency of the IPBC crystals to grow during the time.
• compositions wherein the biocide is encapsulated in order to have an improved environmental compatibility with respect to the above mentioned solvent or water biocidal formulations are also known.
• compositions having an antidirtying action formed of filming and biocidal agents for example those belonging to the iodo-derivative class, wherein the biocide is coated by a polymeric material and is in microcapsule form.
• biocidal agents for example those belonging to the iodo-derivative class
• the biocide is coated by a polymeric material and is in microcapsule form.
• IPBC microcapsules are not described and the IPBC chemical and physical stability in microcapsules is not disclosed, in particular the release.
• no indication is given on the fact that IPBC can be released, preferably in a controlled way.
• Patent application US 2004/0234603 describes plasters of various biocides having highly basic pH containing micro capsules and showing a high stability in basic environment. Tests on the biocide degradation are given when the plaster is subjected to a thermal treatment, for example at 54° C. IPBC in microcapsules formed of formaldehyde-melamine is described, but neither examples are given on the fact that IPBC is really released from the microcapsules, nor any indication on its controlled release. The biocidal activity, in particular fungicidal, of the microcapsules, implicitly showing the release of the active principle, is described only for another biocide, the pyirithione zinc.
• an essential feature of the microincapsulated biocides is to allow the release of the encapsulated biocide during in the time. This characteristic is not predictable a priori.
• Another drawback of the microencapsulated biocide exemplified in the above patent application is that the resin used for the IPBC microencapsulation is formaldehydemelamine, whose environ-mental problems due to the presence of traces of formaldehyde are known. From what reported in the above application one cannot decide whether the IPBC-based micro-capsules are effective or not in the biocidal activity: it is indeed essential that the biocidal products contained in the capsule are released in the time. This patent neither gives any indication about the release, nor about the possibility to control the release during the time.
• IPBC compositions showing the following combination of properties:
• the Applicant has surprisingly and unexpectedly found a specific formulation comprising IPBC showing the combination of the above properties.
• An object of the present invention are formulations in aqueous suspension of microcapsules based on 3-iodo-2-propynyl butyl carbamate (IPBC) comprising the following components (parts by weight):
• the ratio by weight IPBC/alkylbenzenes ranges between 1:0.5 and 1:2, preferably between 1:1 and 1:1.5
• the microcapsules of the present invention are usually dispersed in water and have sizes 1-30 micron, preferably from 2 to 20 micron.
• the microcapsules comprise a reservoir of biocidal active in admixture with a suitable coformulating agent (synergizing agent), as above, and an external wall.
• the wall is formed by a polymeric membrane insoluble in water obtained by in situ interfacial polymerization.
• the polymers are those obtained by polycondensation, preferably not using formaldehyde as comonomer.
• Polyamides, polyesters, polyvinylalcohols, polyurethanes, polyurea, polylactic acid, more preferably polyurea can for example be mentioned.
• the IPBC of component (1) is generally available under the form of white crystalline solide and has generally a purity of 98%.
• the synergizing agent of component (1) has a boiling point generally in the range 165° C.-310° C. Preferably it has a distillation range in the range 160°-180° C., or in the range 220°-290° C. It is generally available as Solvesso® 150, Solvesso® 200, Solvesso® 150 ND, Solvesso® 200 ND, preferably in the grades naphthalene residue free such as Solvesso® 150 ND, Solvesso® 200 ND.
• the synergizing agent formed by a mixture of alkylbenzenes having a distillation range in the range 182°-202° C. or in the range 226°-284° C. is preferred.
• biphenyl compounds such as diisopropyl biphenyl isomers mixture (C 18 H 22 ).
• the dispersant (component (2)) is generally selected among sodium ligninsulphonates, for example Reax® 100M, and calcium ligninsulphonates, for example Borrement® CA, etO-propO block polymers (block polymers containing ethylenoxide and propylenoxide blocks), for example Pluronic® 10400, sodium polycarboxylates, for example Geropon® TA 72, polyalkenyl pyrrolidone, for example Agrimer® AL 10; preferably white solid dispersants are used in the applications where this is required.
• sodium ligninsulphonates for example Reax® 100M
• calcium ligninsulphonates for example Borrement® CA
• etO-propO block polymers block polymers containing ethylenoxide and propylenoxide blocks
• Pluronic® 10400 sodium polycarboxylates
• Geropon® TA 72 polyalkenyl pyrrolidone
• Agrimer® AL 10
• xanthan rubber for example Rhodopol®
• antifoam silicone compounds can be mentioned
• antifreeze inorganic salts for example calcium nitrate, sodium carbonate can be mentioned
• preservative substituted triazines and benzoisothiazolinones can be mentioned.
• the formulation of the present invention is formed of a suspension of microcapsules dispersed in a water phase and appears having a lactescent appearance.
• formulations of the present invention show the combination of the above properties.
• the formulations are particularly advantageous for applications in aqueous environment as they do not cause the crystalline growth of the active. They are chemically and physically stable to UV and to high temperatures, without showing yellowing and crystalline growth phenomena for more than one year when stored at room temperature.
• the Applicant has furthermore unexpectedly and surprisingly found that the use of the particular synergizing agent of the invention in the IPBC microcapsules allows the biocide output through the polymeric walls without any break and obtaining a controlled IPBC release.
• the release is not a function of the temperature conditions and pH.
• the Applicant deems that the controlled IPBC release takes place thanks to the fact that the particular coformulating agent of the present invention substantially inhibits the formation and the uncontrolled growth of IPBC crystals inside the microcapsule, thus avoiding the break of the microcapsule polymeric walls.
• the synergizing agent is essential to obtain the microcapsules when polyurea is used as polymer of the wall of the microcapsules (see the comparative Examples).
• the coformulating agent of the present invention can be defined as an IPBC synergizing agent.
• the controlled IPBC release is advantageous as it allows to maintain a high biocidal efficacy in the time.
• aqueous formulation of the present invention can be used as such or diluted before the use. Further it is possible to separate the microcapsules from the water formulations and use them as solid additives. Known separation techniques, can be used for example centrifugation, sedimentation, filtration, spray drying.
• formulations comprising the microcapsules of the present invention are obtainable, for example, according to the following process:
• step a) homogeneous mixtures mean that there are no substantial phase separations.
• the homogenization is carried out under stirring.
• step b) is carried out under stirring maintaining substantially the same temperature of step a).
• water-insoluble monomers are polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate (MDI) or MDI mixtures with toluene diisocyanate (TDI), when the polymer of the microencapsulated biocide is polyurea or polyurethane.
• MDI polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate
• TDI toluene diisocyanate
• the isocyanate monomer is preferably Voronate® M220 (polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate).
• Step c) preferably takes place under strong stirring, more preferably by using a high “shear rate” stirrer having a speed higher than 5,000 rpm, for example of the Turrax type, for at least 3 minutes.
• Step d) preferably takes place under stirring, more preferably by using a low “shear rate” stirrer, for example, of the blade type having a speed lower than 1,000 rpm.
• hexamethylendiamine optionally in water solution, can be mentioned, in case of polyurea microcapsules.
• Step d) is preferably used when only MDI is used to prepare the polyurea membrane.
• step d) is not used.
• the biocide release rate can be tuned by using or not step d) (see the Examples).
• the formulations of the invention can comprise polyurea microcapsules obtained by using step d) and microcapsules obtained without using step d).
• Step e) generally lasts for about 3 hours, or more.
• excipients (component 3)) can be added before or after step e).
• Another object of the present invention is the process for preparing the formulations comprising the microcapsules of the present invention, as above described.
• the process preferably comprises the following steps:
• the in situ polymerization can takes place at atmospheric pressure.
• By using the in situ polymerization there is the advantage to obtain microcapsules having a variable porosity depending on the duration of the step e). Furthermore a variable thickness depending on the used monomers and on the particle size of the starting emulsion is obtained.
• the process of the present invention shows the advantage to obtain high encapsulation efficiency of the active IPBC, generally higher than 94%, preferably 99%, more preferably 100%. This is defined as the amount of encapsulated IPBC with respect to the initial IPBC.
• the Applicant has indeed surpris-ingly and unexpectedly found that, by using the particular coformulating agent of the present invention it is possible to achieve the above high encapsulation efficiency. Tests carried out by the Applicant have shown that, by using other coformu-lating agent as those of the invention and capable to dissolve IPBC, for example DBE® (a mixture of 55-65% by weight dimethyl glutarate, 15-25% dimethylsuccinate, 10-25% dimethyladipate), the encapsulation efficiency is very low or negligible. The same happens when IPBC is used without any coformulating agents (see the comparative Examples).
• the formulations object of the present invention show several advantages for the operator safety. They are not flammable, they are less irritating and toxic, in particular by inhalation, with respect to the prior art compositions. This is particular important for the use of the formulates on woods, paints, plasters, cosmetics, lubricants and industrial fluids.
• formulations of the invention show several advantages from the environmental point of view, for example a low VOC. Furthermore the microcapsules do not cause any substantial percolation.
• a further advantage is due to the stability of the formulation and to the controlled release. This reduces the number of applications on the substrata and therefore the cost.
• biocidal formulations of the present invention can be used as such, or as solvent-based or water-based formulations, preferably water compositions.
• the formulations and microcapsules of the present invention can be used as biocides for substrata, for paints, for coating products, for surfactants, for proteins, for starch-based compositions, for products for cosmetic use, for inks, for emulsions, for resins, for plasters, for cement surfaces, for wood, for leathers, for plastics, for textiles, for lubricants, for metal working fluids, for polymeric dispersions, for aqueous-based products, for latexes containing polyvinyl alcohol, for polyacrylates or vinyl polymers, for thickening solutions containing cellulose derivatives, for kaolin-based suspensions, etc. and in general when there is the problem of degradation due to the microorganism.
• the Applicant has indeed unexpectedly and surprisingly found that the use of the synergizing agent as above described in presence of a particular compound belonging to the class of N-alkyl pyrrolidone inside the IPBC microcapsules allows to improve the control of IPBC release through the polymeric walls, in particular a slower IPBC release is obtained.
• the Applicant has indeed found that the release of IPBC through the microcapsules can be reduced, for at least 40%, when N-alkyl pyrrolidone is present in combination with the synergizing agent inside the IPBC microcapsules.
• N-akyl pyrrolidone is used in such amounts to comply with the following condition
• the distribution of the microcapsule sizes is measured by an infrared ray Malvern Mastersizer.
• the stability to the dilution is evaluated by suspendability measurements determined by the official method Cipac MT 161: the greater the suspensivity and the greater the composition stability.
• This test is used to evaluate the behaviour of the suspensions at room temperature for times over one year, by assuming that one day at 54° C. corresponds to at least 1 month at room temperature.
• the evaluation of the suspension colour change is visually carried out before and after the ageing test.
• the encapsulation efficiency and the IPBC release are evaluated by maintaining the formulation in contact with hexane, a solvent capable to solubilize the free IPBC (not encapsulated) in the supension, but not capable to dissolve the polyurea polymer of the microcapsules.
• the per cent IPBC amount extracted is gaschromatographically determined in correpondence of precise time intervals: 1′, 5′, 15′, 30′, 60′.
• IPBC amount after 1 minute allows to evaluate the minimum encapsulation efficiency. From the trend of the subsequent data at 1 minute it is possible to evaluate the IPBC release rate from the capsules.
• 0.4 g of formulated product corresponding to 20% of IPBC are dispersed in 1 litre of distilled water and maintained under magnetic stirring (300 rpm) for the lime necessary to perform the test.
• Solvesso® 200 mixture of C 9 -C 16 alkylbenzenes having a distillation range in the range 226°-284° C.
• IPBC organic compound having a 98% purity
• dispersant Agrimer® AL 10 are dispersed in 336 g of water and the above prepared organic mixture is added thereto, by stirring by Turrax at the maximum rate, equal to 10,000 rpm, for about 3 minutes, obtaining an oil/water emulsion.
• the so obtained mixture is transferred into a reactor maintained at 50° C. After few minutes the formulation is completed by addition of 41 g of thickening agent (Rhodopol® 23 pregelified at 2.7% by weight in water and containing 1 g of Proxel® GXL as antimould agent), 2 g of antifoam agent Defomex® 1510 and allowed to mature for four hours at 60° C.
• thickening agent Rhodopol® 23 pregelified at 2.7% by weight in water and containing 1 g of Proxel® GXL as antimould agent
• IPBC content in the 20.1% formulation Granulometry: 50% ⁇ 5 micron 90% ⁇ 20 micron Viscosity: 1,700 cPs Stability to dilution: suspendability 80%
• IPBC content in combination with the maintenance of the values of the other characteristics, colour comprised, shows that the microcapsule suspension object of the present invention has substantially maintained unaltered its own starting characteristics, thus resulting stable in the time.
• Example 2 The same procedure of the Example 1 was repeated, except that IPBC was completely dissolved in DBE® instead of in Solvesso® 200.
• Voronate® M 220 isocyanate MDI
• TDI toluene diisocyanate
• dispersant Agrimer® AL 10 are dispersed in 428 g of water and the above prepared organic mixture is added thereto under stirring, obtaining an oil/water emulsion.
• the so obtained mixture is transferred into a reactor maintained at 50° C. After few minutes the formulation is completed by addition of 41 g of thickening agent (Rhodopol® 23 pregelified at 2.7% by weight in water and containing 1 g of Proxel® GXL as antimould agent), 2 g of antifoam agent Defomex® 1510 and allowed to mature for four hours at 60° C.
• thickening agent Rhodopol® 23 pregelified at 2.7% by weight in water and containing 1 g of Proxel® GXL as antimould agent
• Geropon® TA 72 sodium polycarboxylate
• IPBC content in the formulation 20% Granulometry: 50% ⁇ 5 micron 90% ⁇ 20 micron Viscosity: 1,750 cPs Stability to dilution: suspendability 80%
• IPBC content in combination with the maintenance of the other characteristic values, colour comprised, shows that the microcapsule suspension object of the present invention has substantially maintained unaltered its own starting characteristics, thus resulting stable in the time.
• IPBC IP-dodecyl pyrrolidone
• dispersant Agrimer AL 10 are dispersed in 397 g of water; the above described organic mixture is then added to obtain an oil/water emulsion, by stirring for about 3 minutes with Turrax at the maximum rate (10,000 rpm).
• the obtained mixture is transferred into a reactor maintained at 50° C. After few minutes the formulation is completed by addition of 30 g of thickening agent (Rhodopol 23 pregelified at 2.7% by weight in water containing 1 g of Proxel OXL as antimould agent), 2 g of antifoam agent Defomex 1510 and cured for four hours at 50° C.
• thickening agent Rhodopol 23 pregelified at 2.7% by weight in water containing 1 g of Proxel OXL as antimould agent
• 2 g of antifoam agent Defomex 1510 2 g of antifoam agent Defomex 1510 and cured for four hours at 50° C.
• IPBC content in the formulation 20.1% Particle size: 50% ⁇ 5 micron 90% ⁇ 20 micron
• Viscosity 1.700 cPs
• Stability at dilution suspensibility 80% Accelerated stability test (14 days at 54° C.)
• IPBC content 20.0% Appearance homogeneous, no yellowing
• Example 5 has been repeated but replacing Solvesso 200 with Amesolv 4201 (diisopropyl biphenyl isomers mixture C 18 H 22 ).
• Voronate M 220 isocyanate MDI
• dispersant Agrimer AL 10 are dispersed in 397 g of water; the above described organic mixture is then added to obtain an oil/water emulsion, by stirring for about 3 minutes with Turrax at the maximum rate (10,000 rpm).
• the obtained mixture is transferred into a reactor maintained at 50° C. After few minutes the formulation is completed by addition of 30 g of thickening agent (Rhodopol 23 pregelified at 2.7% by weigth in water containing 1 g of Proxel GXL as antimould agent), 2 g of antifoam agent Defomex 1510 and cured for four hours at 60° C.
• thickening agent Rhodopol 23 pregelified at 2.7% by weigth in water containing 1 g of Proxel GXL as antimould agent

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Dentistry (AREA)
• Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
• Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Plant Pathology (AREA)
• Toxicology (AREA)
• Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
• Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)
• Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)

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• 2005
  • 2005-09-19 IT IT001724A patent/ITMI20051724A1/it unknown
• 2006
  • 2006-09-14 US US12/067,450 patent/US20080206295A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2006-09-14 AT AT06805714T patent/ATE544342T1/de active
  • 2006-09-14 WO PCT/EP2006/008953 patent/WO2007039055A2/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2006-09-14 EP EP06805714A patent/EP1926377B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
  • 2006-09-14 ES ES06805714T patent/ES2380955T3/es active Active
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