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US20080047840A1 - Fuel cell system - Google Patents

Fuel cell system Download PDF

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Publication number
US20080047840A1
US20080047840A1 US11/509,510 US50951006A US2008047840A1 US 20080047840 A1 US20080047840 A1 US 20080047840A1 US 50951006 A US50951006 A US 50951006A US 2008047840 A1 US2008047840 A1 US 2008047840A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
container
electrodes
water
hydrogen
gas
Prior art date
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Abandoned
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US11/509,510
Inventor
Charles Robert Stockdale
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to US11/509,510 priority Critical patent/US20080047840A1/en
Publication of US20080047840A1 publication Critical patent/US20080047840A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/10—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone
    • F02M25/12—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone the apparatus having means for generating such gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/02—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with gaseous fuels
    • F02D19/026—Measuring or estimating parameters related to the fuel supply system
    • F02D19/027—Determining the fuel pressure, temperature or volume flow, the fuel tank fill level or a valve position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
    • F02M21/0206—Non-hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. hydrogen, ammonia or carbon monoxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0227—Means to treat or clean gaseous fuels or fuel systems, e.g. removal of tar, cracking, reforming or enriching
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

Definitions

  • This invention will produce hydrogen and oxygen to power an automobile, for example, using only simple voltage functions.
  • Global warming is caused in part by the hydrocarbons, CO2, etc.; these elements are in part emitted from the internal combustion engine burning fossel fuel.
  • an inexpensive and alternative fuel to power the internal combustion engine for example, needs to be determined that does not emit these elements when ignited.
  • An apparatus such as described herein provides clean burning hydrogen and oxygen from inexpensive water. A major byproduct produced by burning hydrogen and oxygen would be water.
  • FIG. 1 gives a visual description of this apparatus containing rectangular, flat-plate electrodes 14 and is segmented into two parts.
  • the first part shows an enclosed, rectangular container 15 made of plexiglass 1 ⁇ 4 inch thick. The maximum dimensions of this container would be 9 inches wide, 12 inches long and 9 inches high.
  • This enclosed container 15 has gauges and orifices as shown. 1)
  • This cell has a valve 10 connected near the base. This valve will automatically release the gas within the container and disconnect the apparatus from the battery when the pressure exceeds a predetermined level say 80 p.s.i. 2)
  • This cell has a water inlet port 11 which will add water into the container when the water gets below a predetermined level.
  • a pressure gauge 12 is attach to the container to measure the pressure of the gas within the container.
  • a gas outlet port 13 is attached to the container to allow the gas generated to be transported to the reciprocaing engine, for example.
  • the second part of FIG. 1 shows a breakaway drawing of the enclosed rectangular electrodes # 1 , # 2 , . . . , #n- 2 , #n- 1 , #n.
  • n electrodes where “n” is odd.
  • the exact number of electrodes and size will be dictated by the amount of hydrogen and oxygen that needs to be generated for the reciprocating engine for example.
  • Each electrode 14 will be a rectangular sheet of 1/16th of an inch thick. To save weight, the electrodes should be made of aluminum.
  • the even numbered electrodes # 2 , . . . , #n- 1 will be connected to a 12 volt power source.
  • the odd numbered electrodes # 1 , . . . ,#n- 2 , #n will be connected to a ground.
  • the 12 volt power supply can be scaled to a lower voltage. For example, if the amount of hydrogen and oxygen generated needs to be reduced by 1 ⁇ 2, the voltage applied to the even numbered electrodes should be reduced to around 6 volts.
  • the voltage to the specific electrodes is not in the form of a square wave, rectangular wave, triangular wave,or any oscillatory wave form. Complex voltage functions are not required here.
  • the voltage is a constant and could come directly off a 12 volt battery.
  • the apparatus does not require a transformer or any other electronic component to amplify the 12 volt signal applied to the electrodes. Also, this apparatus does not require any large voltage (say 200 volts) to operate correctly. The largest voltage required is 12 volts or less This apparatus is very safe and can operate within the voltage levels experienced in the car, truck, boat, etc.
  • This apparatus will not produce any large amounts of heat that must be dealt with. This apparatus will operate at ambient temperature.
  • the liquid in the container will likely be distilled water or tap water.
  • the water can transport a small current to the grounded electrodes.
  • the alternator in the car, truck, boat, etc. will keep the battery charged to compensate for this small drain in voltage across the gap.
  • the water molecules M that separate to produce hydrogen and oxygen appear to be resting near the grounded electrode with the hydrogen atoms pointed towards the cathode.
  • the voltage of the cathode and the surrounding water are both the constant voltage being considered, i.e. 12 volts.
  • the cathode gets close to the grounded electrode, say within 1-2 mm, the water molecules M break apart with ease into hydrogen and oxygen atoms and accumulate within the container.
  • One possible theory for this separation is as follows.
  • the hydrogen atoms attached to molecule M accept two electrons from the cathode and at the same time the oxygen atom releases two electrons to the grounded electrode, and therefore the hydrogen atoms separate from molecules M.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

An apparatus for producing oxygen and hydrogen that uses only simplified electronic functions is shown in FIG. 1 and is described herein. The apparatus includes a container holding a solution such as water and multiple, closely-spaced, flat-plate electrodes arranged sequentially within the container and submerged in the solution. A power supply provides a constant voltage signal to the even numbered electrodes, and the odd numbered electrodes are grounded. The number and size of the electrodes are determined by the size of the engine being regulated.

Description

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • 1. Field of the invention
  • This invention will produce hydrogen and oxygen to power an automobile, for example, using only simple voltage functions.
  • 2. Related Technology
  • a. Global warming is caused in part by the hydrocarbons, CO2, etc.; these elements are in part emitted from the internal combustion engine burning fossel fuel. To help reduce global warming, an inexpensive and alternative fuel to power the internal combustion engine, for example, needs to be determined that does not emit these elements when ignited. An apparatus such as described herein provides clean burning hydrogen and oxygen from inexpensive water. A major byproduct produced by burning hydrogen and oxygen would be water.
  • b. Conventional electrolysis can produce hydrogen and oxygen from water. Two electrodes arranged within the cell apply energy to the water to produce hydrogen and oxygen. However, the hydrogen and oxygen generated are produced in an inefficient manner. Here a cheminal catalyst such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide must be added. Also, the conventional electrolysis produces this gas slowly and must be transported to a pressurized container for storage before burning.
  • c. There are other inventions that use concentric cylinders. However, complicated electronics and complicated voltage functions are used to extract hydrogen and oxygen by overcoming the bonds between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms. This is very exacting and detailed in that a precise voltage function and oscilatory frequency must be determined.
    • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE APPARATUS
  • FIG. 1 gives a visual description of this apparatus containing rectangular, flat-plate electrodes 14 and is segmented into two parts.
  • The first part shows an enclosed, rectangular container 15 made of plexiglass ¼ inch thick. The maximum dimensions of this container would be 9 inches wide, 12 inches long and 9 inches high. This enclosed container 15 has gauges and orifices as shown. 1) This cell has a valve 10 connected near the base. This valve will automatically release the gas within the container and disconnect the apparatus from the battery when the pressure exceeds a predetermined level say 80 p.s.i. 2) This cell has a water inlet port 11 which will add water into the container when the water gets below a predetermined level. 3) A pressure gauge 12 is attach to the container to measure the pressure of the gas within the container. 4) A gas outlet port 13 is attached to the container to allow the gas generated to be transported to the reciprocaing engine, for example.
  • The second part of FIG. 1 shows a breakaway drawing of the enclosed rectangular electrodes # 1, #2, . . . , #n-2, #n-1, #n. As shown there are “n” electrodes where “n” is odd. The exact number of electrodes and size will be dictated by the amount of hydrogen and oxygen that needs to be generated for the reciprocating engine for example. Each electrode 14 will be a rectangular sheet of 1/16th of an inch thick. To save weight, the electrodes should be made of aluminum. The even numbered electrodes # 2, . . . , #n-1 will be connected to a 12 volt power source. The odd numbered electrodes # 1, . . . ,#n-2, #n will be connected to a ground.
  • If there are say 10 adjoining electrode pairs of different voltages (12 volts and ground), then there will be 10 independent streams of gas being released into the container. In this example there would be 11 electrodes total.
  • If a smaller amount of hydrogen and oxygen is required for a given number of electrodes, then the 12 volt power supply can be scaled to a lower voltage. For example, if the amount of hydrogen and oxygen generated needs to be reduced by ½, the voltage applied to the even numbered electrodes should be reduced to around 6 volts.
  • The voltage to the specific electrodes is not in the form of a square wave, rectangular wave, triangular wave,or any oscillatory wave form. Complex voltage functions are not required here. The voltage is a constant and could come directly off a 12 volt battery.
  • The apparatus does not require a transformer or any other electronic component to amplify the 12 volt signal applied to the electrodes. Also, this apparatus does not require any large voltage (say 200 volts) to operate correctly. The largest voltage required is 12 volts or less This apparatus is very safe and can operate within the voltage levels experienced in the car, truck, boat, etc.
  • This apparatus will not produce any large amounts of heat that must be dealt with. This apparatus will operate at ambient temperature.
  • The liquid in the container will likely be distilled water or tap water.
  • Also the water can transport a small current to the grounded electrodes. However, the alternator in the car, truck, boat, etc., will keep the battery charged to compensate for this small drain in voltage across the gap.
  • The water molecules M that separate to produce hydrogen and oxygen appear to be resting near the grounded electrode with the hydrogen atoms pointed towards the cathode. The voltage of the cathode and the surrounding water are both the constant voltage being considered, i.e. 12 volts. As soon as the cathode gets close to the grounded electrode, say within 1-2 mm, the water molecules M break apart with ease into hydrogen and oxygen atoms and accumulate within the container. One possible theory for this separation is as follows. The hydrogen atoms attached to molecule M accept two electrons from the cathode and at the same time the oxygen atom releases two electrons to the grounded electrode, and therefore the hydrogen atoms separate from molecules M.

Claims (4)

1. With only a small amount of energy, the apparatus will produce a large flow of hydrogen and oxygen atoms from between electrodes, and therefore the gas can be consummed as soon as its generated eliminating the need to store this gas.
2. The apparatus in part is comprised of: a container for holding water that does not contain a chemical catalysis;a pressure relief valve which open if the pressure within the container exceeds a predetermined value; an outlet port and tubing that transports the gas from the container to fuel a device such as a reciprocating piston engine, an internal combustion engine, furnace, hydrogen flame jet, etc.; and an inlet port that will supply water into the container when the water level gets below a predetermined level.
3. The apparatus also is comprised of: multiple, flat-plate, closely-spaced electrodes arranged within the container, all spaced 1 to 5 mm apart, and submerged within the water; a power supply providing a constant voltage (maximum 12 volts) to the even numbered electrodes; a ground connected to the odd numbered electrodes; and electrodes of similar or different material such as stainless steel, aluminum, copper, etc.
4-10. (canceled)
US11/509,510 2006-08-23 2006-08-23 Fuel cell system Abandoned US20080047840A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/509,510 US20080047840A1 (en) 2006-08-23 2006-08-23 Fuel cell system

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100065419A1 (en) * 2008-09-13 2010-03-18 David Thomas Richardson Hydrogen and oxygen generator having semi-isolated series cell construction
US20120111734A1 (en) * 2012-01-19 2012-05-10 Edward Kramer Water Electrolyzer System and Method
CN103789784A (en) * 2013-11-28 2014-05-14 林信涌 Modular healthcare gas generator

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4248690A (en) * 1980-01-28 1981-02-03 Pennwalt Corporation Apparatus for production of sodium hypochlorite
US4336122A (en) * 1980-09-08 1982-06-22 Ernst Spirig Electrolysis apparatus
US5705051A (en) * 1995-05-04 1998-01-06 Dravo Lime Company Electrochemical process
US20040074781A1 (en) * 2002-10-22 2004-04-22 Dennis Klein Hydrogen generator for uses in a vehicle fuel system

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4248690A (en) * 1980-01-28 1981-02-03 Pennwalt Corporation Apparatus for production of sodium hypochlorite
US4336122A (en) * 1980-09-08 1982-06-22 Ernst Spirig Electrolysis apparatus
US5705051A (en) * 1995-05-04 1998-01-06 Dravo Lime Company Electrochemical process
US20040074781A1 (en) * 2002-10-22 2004-04-22 Dennis Klein Hydrogen generator for uses in a vehicle fuel system

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100065419A1 (en) * 2008-09-13 2010-03-18 David Thomas Richardson Hydrogen and oxygen generator having semi-isolated series cell construction
US8449737B2 (en) * 2008-09-13 2013-05-28 David Thomas Richardson Hydrogen and oxygen generator having semi-isolated series cell construction
US20120111734A1 (en) * 2012-01-19 2012-05-10 Edward Kramer Water Electrolyzer System and Method
CN103789784A (en) * 2013-11-28 2014-05-14 林信涌 Modular healthcare gas generator

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