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US20080011398A9 - Lead-free electric match compositions - Google Patents

Lead-free electric match compositions Download PDF

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Publication number
US20080011398A9
US20080011398A9 US10/947,975 US94797504A US2008011398A9 US 20080011398 A9 US20080011398 A9 US 20080011398A9 US 94797504 A US94797504 A US 94797504A US 2008011398 A9 US2008011398 A9 US 2008011398A9
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
oxide
nanoscale
aluminum
metal
electric match
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/947,975
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
US20060060272A1 (en
Inventor
Darren Naud
Steven Son
Michael Hiskey
James Busse
Blaine Asay
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Los Alamos National Security LLC
Original Assignee
Los Alamos National Security LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Los Alamos National Security LLC filed Critical Los Alamos National Security LLC
Priority to US10/947,975 priority Critical patent/US20080011398A9/en
Publication of US20060060272A1 publication Critical patent/US20060060272A1/en
Assigned to LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL SECURITY, LLC reassignment LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL SECURITY, LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, THE
Publication of US20080011398A9 publication Critical patent/US20080011398A9/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
    • C06B45/12—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product having contiguous layers or zones
    • C06B45/14—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product having contiguous layers or zones a layer or zone containing an inorganic explosive or an inorganic explosive or an inorganic thermic component
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
    • C06C15/00—Pyrophoric compositions; Flints
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
    • C06C9/00—Chemical contact igniters; Chemical lighters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
    • F42B3/10—Initiators therefor
    • F42B3/11—Initiators therefor characterised by the material used, e.g. for initiator case or electric leads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
    • F42B3/10—Initiators therefor
    • F42B3/12—Bridge initiators
    • F42B3/128—Bridge initiators characterised by the composition of the pyrotechnic material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
    • F42B3/10—Initiators therefor
    • F42B3/195—Manufacture
    • F42B3/198—Manufacture of electric initiator heads e.g., testing, machines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electric match compositions, preferably lead-free electric match compositions and to electric matches, preferably lead-free electric matches.
  • Electric matches are used in the field of pyrotechnics to initiate devices by electrical means rather than by fuses. Fuses have the disadvantage of burning with a long delay before igniting a pyrotechnic device. Electric matches can instantaneously fire a device upon a user's command. In addition, electric matches can be fired remotely at a safe distance.
  • lead compounds e.g., lead thiocyanate, lead nitroresorcinate, lead oxides or lead picramate, which when burned, vaporize to produce a lead-containing smoke.
  • lead-containing smoke is a pollutant causing detrimental exposure to a cast, crew and audience.
  • the reason that these lead-containing compounds are used as electric match compositions is that only these mixtures have the required thermal stability while being able to be initiated reliably by a very low energy thermal stimulus, such as spark or resistive heating.
  • a typical electric match head consists of an electrically insulating substrate with copper foil cladding, similar to that used for printed circuit boards.
  • the size of the substrate is generally approximately 0.4 inches long by 0.1 inches wide and 30 mils thick.
  • the tip of the match has a small diameter nicrome wire soldered across the edge of the match. Insulated wire leads soldered at the base of the match provide the means of electrically firing the nicrome wire to produce the initiating spark.
  • the match head is coated with the lead-based composition to produce the spark-sensitive bead above the nicrome bridge wire.
  • the bead is coated with a second layer of composition of a metal fuel such as a magnesium/aluminum alloy or titanium with potassium perchlorate oxidizer. This secondary coat is generally necessary to produce the hot sparks to initiate black powder (or other primers) in pyrotechnic devices.
  • the bead is generally coated with a nitrocellulose lacquer to provide strength and water resistance.
  • Other similar match designs are well known.
  • the present invention provides an electric match composition including nanoscale particulates of an energetic material and a binder.
  • the electric match composition is lead-free.
  • the present invention further provides an electric match including a match head coated with an electric match composition including nanoscale particulates of an energetic material and a binder.
  • the electric match is lead-free.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic drawing of an electric match in accordance with the present invention.
  • the present invention is concerned with lead-free electric match compositions and preparation of lead-free electric matches.
  • the electric match materials include nanoscale energetic materials such as nanoscale thermite material mixtures, nanoscale intermetallic material mixtures, and nanoscale fuel and oxidant mixtures, preferably nanoscale thermite material mixtures.
  • nanoscale energetic materials are easily ignited, have good energy content and produce high temperature products.
  • the reaction rate is generally very rapid for nanoscale energetic materials such as nanoscale thermite materials and the reaction rate can be further tuned by control of the particle size.
  • the thermite material mixtures used in the present invention are metal/metal oxide compositions including a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, boron, lanthanum, magnesium, tantalum, titanium, yttrium and vanadium and a metal oxide selected from the group consisting of silver oxide, boron oxide, bismuth oxide, copper oxide, cobalt oxide, iron oxide, manganese oxide, molybdenum oxide, nickel oxide, silicon oxide, tin oxide, tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, tungsten oxide and vanadium oxide.
  • a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, boron, lanthanum, magnesium, tantalum, titanium, yttrium and vanadium
  • a metal oxide selected from the group consisting of silver oxide, boron oxide, bismuth oxide, copper oxide, cobalt oxide, iron oxide, manganese oxide, molybdenum oxide, nickel oxide, silicon oxide, tin oxide, tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, tungsten oxide and vanadium oxide
  • suitable thermite material mixtures can be included aluminum and silver oxide, aluminum and boron oxide, aluminum and bismuth oxide, aluminum and cobalt oxide, aluminum and copper oxide, aluminum and iron oxide, aluminum and manganese oxide, aluminum and molybdenum oxide, aluminum and niobium oxide, aluminum and nickel oxide, aluminum and palladium oxide, aluminum and silicon oxide, aluminum and tin oxide, aluminum and tantalum oxide, aluminum and titanium oxide, aluminum and vanadium oxide, aluminum and tungsten oxide, boron and copper oxide, boron and iron oxide, boron and manganese oxide, boron and nickel oxide, boron and silicon oxide, boron and tin oxide, boron and tantalum oxide, boron and titanium oxide, boron and vanadium oxide, boron and tungsten oxide, lanthanum and silver oxide, lanthanum and copper oxide, lanthanum and iron oxide, lanthanum and manganese oxide, lanthanum and palladium oxide, lanthanum and
  • thermite material mixtures are aluminum and molybdenum oxide, aluminum and iron oxide, aluminum and copper oxide and aluminum and tungsten oxide.
  • the materials can be added in about stoichiometric amounts, although variations from stoichiometric amounts can be used as well.
  • the nanoscale intermetallic material mixtures used in the present invention may be material mixtures such as aluminum with nickel, cobalt, copper, iron, molybdenum, niobium, palladium, titanium, or zirconium, alloys of titanium with boron, nickel, cobalt and iron, zirconium boron, and hafnium boron.
  • the nanoscale intermetallic material mixtures are titanium boron or nickel aluminum.
  • the nanoscale fuel and oxidant mixtures used in the present invention may include a metal such as aluminum, boron, magnesium carbon, or silicon and an oxidant with a cation such potassium, sodium or ammonium and an anion such as nitrate, chlorate, perchlorate or peroxide.
  • Particular fuel and oxidant mixtures may include: aluminum and ammonium perchlorate; aluminum and ammonium chlorate; aluminum and ammonium nitrate; and, aluminum and potassium nitrate.
  • the nanoscale fuel and oxidant mixtures are aluminum and ammonium perchlorate, aluminum and ammonium chlorate, or aluminum and ammonium nitrate.
  • the energetic materials of the electric match composition are nanoscale size materials.
  • the materials are particulates with predominant size distributions of from about 10 nm to 1000 nm in smallest dimension, e.g., diameter, thickness and the like, preferably from about 20 nm to 500 nm, more preferably from about 30 nm to 300 nm.
  • Size distribution within a particular sample of material is another factor. Broader size distributions may be preferable to provide easier ignition and increased spark generation for consistent ignition oif the secondary pyrotechnic composition.
  • the binder for the nanoscale energetic materials can be any standard material used for binding paticles together.
  • the binder is nitrocellulose, but other binders are well known to those skilled in the art.
  • a nitrocellulose binder is also preferred for binding secondary pyrotechnic composition materials together within the match head as well.
  • a protective topcoat layer of a suitable waterproof polymer is over the entire match head.
  • suitable waterproof polymers can include polymers and copolymers of vinyl based materials such as polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylonitrile and the like. Especially preferred is a copolymer of polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate and 2,3-epoxypropyl methacrylate.
  • FIG. 1 shows an electric match head in accordance with the present invention.
  • Match head 10 includes standard match parts such as a high resistance bridgewire 3 , electrical insulator 5 with conductive foil cladding 4 and wire leads 6 soldered to the foil cladding 4 .
  • Primary coating layer 7 including the nanoscale particulates of an energetic material and a binder is on bridgewire 3 .
  • secondary pyrotechnic composition layer 2 is over primary coating layer 7 .
  • a protective waterproof topcoat polymer layer 1 is over secondary pyrotechnic composition layer 2 .
  • nanoscale particulates may be coated with a fluorosilane to provide protection from water and oxygen.
  • a bare electric match head was dipped into a sample composition for the primary layer.
  • the sample composition had been diluted with ethyl acetate containing 0.3 weight percent FC 430 (from 3M) surfactant.
  • the primary layer included about 6 milligrams (mg) of a mixture of 9 percent by weight of 13.5 percent nitrogen content nitrocellulose (NC), and a 91 percent by weight of a mixture of 121 nm nanosize aluminum (from Technanogy, Inc., Irvine Calif.), 132 nm nanosize aluminum (from Technanogy, Inc., Irvine Calif.) and a nanoscale MoO 3 material obtained from Climax Corp. having a sheet thickness of about 15 nm.
  • a thin barrier coating of nitrocellulose was deposited by dipping the match head into a nitrocellulose/ethyl acetate lacquer.
  • a secondary pyrotechnic composition included 56 percent by weight finely ground potassium perchlorate, 27 percent by weight 12 micron black aluminum, 8 percent by weight titanium (80-100 mesh), 0.3 percent by weight superfine iron oxide, 8.7 percent by weight nitrocellulose and sufficient ethyl acetate solvent to form a viscous slurry.
  • the match head was dipped into this secondary material several times with intermediate drying to build up the quantity of secondary pyrotechnic composition, followed again by a protective coat of nitrocellulose using the same nitrocellulose/ethyl acetate lacquer as with the primary layer.
  • a protective waterproof topcoat polymer layer was finally deposited onto the match head by dipping each match head into a composition of a copolymer of polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate and 2,3-epoxypropyl methacrylate dissolved in a mixture of methyl ethyl ketone and toluene.
  • the resultant electric match head was found to have reasonable mechanical strength.
  • Thermal ignition tests on these lead-free matches were performed by placing the match heads in a heated block and measuring time to initiation.
  • the match heads did not undergo initiation within five seconds when placed in a 300° C. environment.
  • five commercially available electric matches of standard construction and performance showed initiation in five seconds at temperatures between 215° C. and 280° C.
  • lead-free match heads in accordance with the present invention had properties comparable or exceeding those of commercially available electric matches of standard construction and performance.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)
US10/947,975 2002-07-29 2004-09-23 Lead-free electric match compositions Abandoned US20080011398A9 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/947,975 US20080011398A9 (en) 2002-07-29 2004-09-23 Lead-free electric match compositions

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US20869602A 2002-07-29 2002-07-29
US10/947,975 US20080011398A9 (en) 2002-07-29 2004-09-23 Lead-free electric match compositions

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US20869602A Continuation 2002-07-29 2002-07-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20060060272A1 US20060060272A1 (en) 2006-03-23
US20080011398A9 true US20080011398A9 (en) 2008-01-17

Family

ID=31186874

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/947,975 Abandoned US20080011398A9 (en) 2002-07-29 2004-09-23 Lead-free electric match compositions

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US20080011398A9 (fr)
AU (1) AU2003254091A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004011396A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20240190789A1 (en) * 2022-12-08 2024-06-13 The Regents Of The University Of California Magnesium vapor induced surface disruption of metal particles

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1625336B9 (fr) 2003-05-21 2012-03-21 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Utilisation d'une couche de combustible solide, procédé pour fabriquer une telle couche et unité de chauffage correspondante
GB0312433D0 (en) * 2003-05-30 2003-07-09 Qinetiq Nanomaterials Ltd Devices
EP1748971A1 (fr) * 2004-05-20 2007-02-07 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Compositions d"amorcage stables et allumeurs
US7402777B2 (en) 2004-05-20 2008-07-22 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Stable initiator compositions and igniters
AU2004322756B2 (en) 2004-08-12 2011-04-14 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Aerosol drug delivery device incorporating percussively activated heat packages
CA2596018C (fr) 2005-02-08 2015-11-03 Dyno Nobel Inc. Circuit a retard et ses procedes de production
US7640857B2 (en) * 2006-01-23 2010-01-05 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Protective electrically conductive layer covering a reactive layer to protect the reactive layer from electrical discharge
CN100395219C (zh) * 2006-04-29 2008-06-18 松原市大和化工有限责任公司 混敏硝铵炸药
BR112012020907A2 (pt) * 2010-02-24 2016-05-03 Ael Mining Services Ltd iniciador de detonador
AU2011224469B2 (en) 2010-03-09 2014-08-07 Dyno Nobel Inc. Sealer elements, detonators containing the same, and methods of making
US10017429B2 (en) 2013-10-10 2018-07-10 Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc Methods of reducing ignition sensitivity of energetic materials
US9481614B2 (en) * 2013-10-10 2016-11-01 Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc Energetic materials and methods of tailoring electrostatic discharge sensitivity of energetic materials
US10173945B1 (en) 2014-04-23 2019-01-08 nanoMetallix LLC Nanocomposite for combustion applications
US10501385B1 (en) 2014-04-23 2019-12-10 Saint Louis University Nanocomposite enhanced fuel grains
US10494315B1 (en) * 2014-04-23 2019-12-03 Saint Louis University Method for making a novel nanocomposite for combustion applications
FR3042032B1 (fr) 2015-10-06 2017-12-15 Commissariat Energie Atomique Inflammateur non pyrotechnique
US11845904B1 (en) * 2021-07-23 2023-12-19 Advanced Defense Components Inc. Thermite fire starter kits
US11912636B1 (en) * 2021-07-23 2024-02-27 Advanced Defense Components Inc Thermite matches
CN114835538B (zh) * 2022-04-28 2023-02-14 西安近代化学研究所 一种双金属氧化物改性硼燃料及制备方法

Citations (7)

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US3415189A (en) * 1967-03-24 1968-12-10 Atlas Chem Ind Water destructible electric match
US4152988A (en) * 1977-09-19 1979-05-08 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Electric match with epoxy coated fluorocarbon containing pyrotechnic composition
US4869170A (en) * 1987-02-16 1989-09-26 Nitro Nobel Ab Detonator
US5717159A (en) * 1997-02-19 1998-02-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Lead-free precussion primer mixes based on metastable interstitial composite (MIC) technology
US6539869B2 (en) * 1999-10-27 2003-04-01 Talley Defense Systems, Inc. Heat transfer initiator
US6591752B2 (en) * 2001-02-12 2003-07-15 Trw Inc. Ignition material for an igniter
US20050258159A1 (en) * 2004-05-20 2005-11-24 Alexza Molecular Delivery Corporation Stable initiator compositions and igniters

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US4002122A (en) * 1961-03-02 1977-01-11 Mb Associates Microjet fuse
US4989515A (en) * 1989-08-08 1991-02-05 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Ignitor with stable low-energy thermite igniting system
US5885321A (en) * 1996-07-22 1999-03-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Preparation of fine aluminum powders by solution methods

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3415189A (en) * 1967-03-24 1968-12-10 Atlas Chem Ind Water destructible electric match
US4152988A (en) * 1977-09-19 1979-05-08 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Electric match with epoxy coated fluorocarbon containing pyrotechnic composition
US4869170A (en) * 1987-02-16 1989-09-26 Nitro Nobel Ab Detonator
US5717159A (en) * 1997-02-19 1998-02-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Lead-free precussion primer mixes based on metastable interstitial composite (MIC) technology
US6539869B2 (en) * 1999-10-27 2003-04-01 Talley Defense Systems, Inc. Heat transfer initiator
US6591752B2 (en) * 2001-02-12 2003-07-15 Trw Inc. Ignition material for an igniter
US20050258159A1 (en) * 2004-05-20 2005-11-24 Alexza Molecular Delivery Corporation Stable initiator compositions and igniters

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20240190789A1 (en) * 2022-12-08 2024-06-13 The Regents Of The University Of California Magnesium vapor induced surface disruption of metal particles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2003254091A8 (en) 2012-02-23
WO2004011396A2 (fr) 2004-02-05
AU2003254091A1 (en) 2004-02-16
US20060060272A1 (en) 2006-03-23
WO2004011396A3 (fr) 2012-02-02

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AS Assignment

Owner name: LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL SECURITY, LLC, NEW MEXICO

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, THE;REEL/FRAME:017915/0981

Effective date: 20060424

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- AFTER EXAMINER'S ANSWER OR BOARD OF APPEALS DECISION