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US20080005940A1 - Assembly for securing a wear - Google Patents

Assembly for securing a wear Download PDF

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Publication number
US20080005940A1
US20080005940A1 US11/483,581 US48358106A US2008005940A1 US 20080005940 A1 US20080005940 A1 US 20080005940A1 US 48358106 A US48358106 A US 48358106A US 2008005940 A1 US2008005940 A1 US 2008005940A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
base
wear member
leg
stop
adapter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/483,581
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English (en)
Inventor
Charles G. Ollinger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Esco Corp
Original Assignee
Esco Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Esco Corp filed Critical Esco Corp
Priority to US11/483,581 priority Critical patent/US20080005940A1/en
Assigned to ESCO CORPORATION reassignment ESCO CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: OLLINGER IV, CHARLES G.
Priority to PCT/US2007/015534 priority patent/WO2008008274A2/fr
Publication of US20080005940A1 publication Critical patent/US20080005940A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/28—Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits
    • E02F9/2808—Teeth
    • E02F9/2816—Mountings therefor
    • E02F9/2825—Mountings therefor using adapters
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/28—Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits
    • E02F9/2866—Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits for rotating digging elements

Definitions

  • the present invention pertains to an assembly for securing a wear member to excavating equipment.
  • the wear member is particularly suited for use in attaching an adapter to a dredge cutterhead.
  • the present invention also pertains to an improved construction for welding a member to a support structure such as, for example, an arm of a dredge cutterhead or a lip of an excavating bucket.
  • Dredge cutterheads are used for excavating earthen material that is underwater, such as a riverbed.
  • a dredge cutterhead is illustrated in FIG. 17 .
  • a dredge cutterhead includes several arms 11 that extend forward from a base ring 16 to a hub 23 .
  • the arms are equally spaced about the base ring and formed with a broad spiral about the central axis of the cutterhead.
  • Each arm is provided with a series of spaced apart teeth 12 to dig into the ground.
  • the cutterhead In use, the cutterhead is rotated about its central axis to excavate the earthen material. To excavate the desired swath of ground the cutterhead is moved side-to-side as well as forward. On account of swells and other movement of the water, the cutterhead will also tend to move up and down, and periodically impact the bottom surface. As a result of this unique cutting action, the teeth of a dredge cutterhead experience heavy transverse as well as axial loading and heavy impact jacking loads that thrust the tooth up, down and sideways. The heavy transverse loading of the tooth is further engendered by the operator's inability to see the ground that is being excavated underneath the water. Unlike other excavators (e.g., a front end loader), the operator of a dredge cutterhead cannot effectively guide the cutterhead along a path to best suit the terrain to be excavated.
  • excavators e.g., a front end loader
  • each tooth penetrates the ground on the order of 30 times a minute as compared to about 1 time a minute for mining teeth.
  • the teeth experience a great amount of wear during use. It is desirable therefore for the teeth to be easily removed and installed to minimize downtime for the cutterhead.
  • dredge teeth comprise a plurality of integrally connected parts so as to minimize the amount of material needing replacement, i.e., only the worn components need to be replaced.
  • each tooth includes a base 18 , an adapter 13 , a point or tip 17 , and a lock 29 .
  • the base 18 is cast on the arm 11 at a particular location and orientation to maximize digging.
  • Adapter 13 includes a rear end 22 that is received in a socket 14 defined in the base, and a forwardly projecting nose 15 to hold the point 17 .
  • a removable lock 29 is provided to facilitate the required frequent replacement of the tooth points 17 .
  • the adapter is held in the socket by a large fillet weld about the circumference of the rear end 22 .
  • the adapter 2 is bifurcated to define a pair of legs that are configured to wrap about the arm 3 ( FIG. 18 ). These adapters are welded directly to the arm without a base member.
  • the adapter is mechanically attached to the arm for easy installation and removal.
  • the adapter is held to a base on the arm solely by a mechanical construction without the need for welding the adapter.
  • the base and adapter are formed with complementary coupling configurations to prevent release of the adapter from the base except in a release direction.
  • a removable lock is used to prevent undesired release of the adapter from the base in the release direction.
  • a mechanically attached adapter in accordance with the present invention can be changed in as little as 10 minutes. This is a dramatic improvement which hot only substantially reduces downtime for the cutterhead, but can also make the elimination of an entire spare cutterhead at the dredging site possible. As a result, instead of typically needing three or four cutterheads at a dredge site, only two or three may be needed.
  • the adapter includes a generally T-shaped slot that receives a complementarily-shaped tongue on the base, and an opening for receiving a lock.
  • the lock when inserted into the opening, opposes a wall of the base and a wall of the opening to prevent release of the tongue and slot, and thereby holds the adapter to the base.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,653,048 discloses an adapter with a T-shaped slot that receives a T-shaped boss welded to the lip of an excavating bucket.
  • a lock is fit within an opening in the top of the adapter to prevent loss of the adapter from the lip.
  • a bearing surface is formed at the front end of the boss to provide axial support for the adapter. While this construction well supports an adapter on an excavating bucket, it is not well suited for use on a dredge cutterhead.
  • the teeth are primarily subjected to axial loading as the bucket is driven forward through the ground.
  • the teeth on a dredge cutterhead are subjected to heavy and frequent transverse loads due to the manner in which the cutterhead is operated.
  • the adapter 4 is slid onto the boss 5 with a slight side clearance for ease of assembly.
  • the application of a large side load L applied against the tooth point 6 tends to rotate the adapter about the received boss to the extent of the defined clearance between the parts ( FIG. 16 ).
  • This rotation of the adapter results in the generation of resistant forces R 1 -R 4 and high stresses being generated through essentially “point” contacts in the corners of the assembly.
  • the arcuate bearing surfaces define spherical segments to maintain substantially full contact between the bearing surfaces of the adapter and the base under both horizontal and vertical transverse loading.
  • the rear bearing surface of the base and the front of the lock are also preferably formed with similar arcuate surfaces to likewise maintain substantially full contact between the lock and the base.
  • the radii of curvature for the bearing surface at the front and rear of the adapter originate from the same point.
  • the base and adapter are formed with a front bearing surface that is subdivided to define a transverse stop to resist rolling of the adapter on the base, which in turn reduces wearing of the parts.
  • the base and adapter are formed with axially spaced complementary stops to resist relative sliding of the adapter on the base, and thereby reduce wearing of the components during use.
  • a wear member for use with excavators other than dredge cutterheads could also be benefited by incorporating the curved and/or multiple bearing surfaces described above for the adapter.
  • the lock is formed to tighten the connection between the base and adapter.
  • a tightened assembly alleviates rattling and thereby lengthens the useful life of the components.
  • the above-noted '048, patent discloses a lock with a threaded plug that tightens the adapter on the boss. Nevertheless, the stress and strains of digging can work to loosen even an initially tightened arrangement such that the adapter will still shift and rattle against the base resulting in increased wear, particularly with the high frequency of penetration and varied loading of teeth on a dredge cutterhead. Further, with a loosening assembly, there would be nothing in a water environment to prevent the components from rattling during use.
  • the lock further includes a resilient element that cooperates with an actuator to maintain a tight engagement between the adapter and base even after loads have introduced wear between the parts.
  • the resilient element is sandwiched between a pair of rigid members.
  • the actuator initially pulls the adapter into a tight engagement with the base and draws the rigid members together to compress the resilient element.
  • the rigid members also preferably have at least one stop that prevents excessive compression of the resilient element. In this way, the rigid members initially form a rigid lock that is tightly set between the adapter and the base, and which also protect the internal resilient element from premature failure on account of being overloaded.
  • the arms in a dredge cutterhead have a broad spiraling configuration.
  • the teeth each project from the arm at a unique orientation to maximize digging. Since the teeth are mounted in different orientations on the arm, care must be taken to ensure that each adapter is properly positioned on the arm. This additional positioning procedure further lengthens the time needed to install new adapters in past cutterheads.
  • a resin is poured into the socket to harden around the first mounted adapter to thus form a recess adapted to properly orient successive adapters for the dredging operation. Nevertheless, this design still requires a careful, time-consuming procedure to initially place the adapters properly on the arm as well as the extra work of pouring and curing the resin.
  • the arm is formed with a plurality of spaced apart locator formations along the front edge of the arm to properly position the teeth at the desired orientations.
  • the locator formations each have the same structural configuration, although their orientations relative to the surrounding arm contour may differ so as to properly orient each tooth for the particular location along the arm.
  • a separable base member is provided with a complementary coupling formation to matingly fit with the locator formations so as to support and position the adapter properly on the arm.
  • each base can be formed with the same shape irrespective_of where along the arm it is to be mounted.
  • these bases are adapted to be positioned on the dredge cutterhead in an easy, accurate and quick manner.
  • a weld-on adapter in an alternative embodiment of the invention, includes a coupling formation to match the locator formations provided on the arm so that weld-on adapters can be easily secured in proper position on the arms.
  • these adapters can each be made to have the same shape and easily positioned correctly irrespective of where along the arm they are to be mounted.
  • Another aspect of the invention pertains to an improvement in welding parts to a base surface, such as the arm of an excavator or lip of a bucket.
  • the welding of components to a base surface results in considerable heating of both the welded part and the base surface.
  • the bottom of the joint is defined by the surface of the welded part and the base surface, which abut each other but are not welded together. These unbonded surfaces act as a gap in the union of the components, which in turn, reacts much as a crack when the welded part is loaded.
  • the bottom surface of the welded part is formed with a groove near the weld bead.
  • the weld bead cools and contracts, it draws the lip of the welded part (i.e., the portion outside of the groove) outward. Now the residual stress is concentrated at the top of the groove, rather than at the end of the gap.
  • the top of the groove has a smooth radius, which provides a much lower stress concentration factor than the sharp end of the gap. It is also formed in the parent metal of the part, which is stronger than the weld material at the end of the gap. This construction, then, greatly reduces the tendency of the weld to fail.
  • a groove in the underside of the welded part can also ease and improve the removal of welded parts from a base surface.
  • a torch e.g., an air arc
  • the user can more easily follow the groove. In this way, the contour that remains is very near the original weld prep shape, and little clean-up is required before welding on a replacement part.
  • FIG. 1 is a front perspective exploded view of an attachment assembly in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a base in accordance with the present invention in conjunction with an imaginary sphere.
  • FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the base.
  • FIG. 4 is a side elevational view of the base.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a portion of an arm of a dredge cutterhead in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a top perspective view of the base positioned on the arm.
  • FIG. 7 is a rear perspective view of an adapter in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a side elevational view of the adapter.
  • FIG. 9 is a top plan view of the adapter.
  • FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view of a lock in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a side elevational view of the lock.
  • FIG. 12 is a top plan view of the lock.
  • FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the lock.
  • FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the lock taken along line XIV-XIV in FIG. 13 .
  • FIG. 15 is a top schematic view of a tooth in accordance with the present invention under side loading.
  • FIG. 16 is a top schematic view of a prior art tooth under side loading.
  • FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a prior art dredge cutterhead.
  • FIG. 18 is a perspective view of another prior art dredge cutterhead.
  • FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a weld-on adapter mounted on a dredge arm in another embodiment.
  • FIG. 20 is a side view of an alternative weld-on adapter.
  • FIG. 21 is a cross section of the base and lip without the weld bead taken along line 21 - 21 in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 22 is an enlarged view of portion A from FIG. 21 with the weld bead included.
  • FIG. 23 is an axial cross sectional view of an alternative wear assembly in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIGS. 24 and 25 are perspective views of the base in FIG. 23 .
  • FIGS. 26 and 27 are perspective views of the adapter in FIG. 23 .
  • FIG. 28 is an axial cross sectional view of the adapter in FIG. 23 .
  • the present invention pertains to an assembly for securing a wear member to an excavator.
  • the present invention is particularly suited for mounting a tooth on a dredge cutterhead because of the ability of the tooth in the preferred construction to better withstand heavy transverse loading typical of a dredging operation and dampen rattling of the parts. Nevertheless, a tooth in accordance with the present invention could be used with other excavators. Additionally, other wear members used in excavating equipment (e.g., shrouds) could be mounted using the present invention.
  • a tooth 30 includes a base or mount 32 , an adapter 34 , a point (not shown), and a lock 36 ( FIG. 1 ).
  • the tooth components will at times be described in relative terms, such as up and down, even though the operation of the dredging equipment will cause the teeth to assume many different orientations. These directions are used for explanation purposes only and should ordinarily be understood with respect to the orientation in FIG. 1 .
  • base 32 has a lower leg 38 , a front body 40 and an upper leg 42 in a generally U-shaped configuration ( FIG. 14 ) that wraps around the front edge 44 of an arm 48 of a cutterhead for enhanced support.
  • the base is preferably a cast one-piece product that is fixed to the arm by welding, but could be mechanically attached or constructed as a multi-piece component.
  • the base could be fixed to the arm as a structure that is cast as a unitary part of the arm (not shown).
  • Lower leg 38 extends only a short distance along a lower side 47 of arm 48 , although it may be omitted or provided with an extended construction.
  • Upper leg 42 extends rearward along an upper side 55 of arm 48 and includes a coupling configuration 56 for securing the adapter. Since the lower or inner side 47 of an arm of a dredge cutterhead is more difficult to access, the coupling configuration is preferably formed to be on the upper or outer side 55 of the arm. Nevertheless, alternative constructions are possible. For instance, the legs could be reversed on the arm or a coupling configuration could be provided on both of the upper and lower sides of the arms.
  • the legs 38 , 42 and body 40 collectively define an inner surface 54 that faces the arm. To facilitate effective welding of the base to the arm, the inner surface 54 is shaped to substantially conform to the contour of the portion of arm 48 it opposes.
  • the base is welded to the arm along substantially its entire perimeter to securely fix the base to the cutterhead.
  • the inner surface 59 of base 32 sets against seats 61 prepared in sides 47 , 55 of arm 48 .
  • upper leg 42 of base 32 is shown engaged with seat 61 in side 55 of arm 48 .
  • seat 61 defines a recessed portion in the arm which is slightly wider than the lower end 62 of base 32 .
  • the seat defines a main surface 63 and inclined walls 67 extending upward to the upper surface 55 of the arm.
  • a trough 81 is defined along each side of base 32 . The trough preferably extends along the entire periphery of base 32 , but it is not essential that it do so.
  • a weld bead 82 is placed in trough 81 to secure base 32 to arm 48 .
  • the welding process forms a heat affected zone 83 all around the weld bead 82 , including a heat affected zone 83 a in base 32 and a heat affected zone 83 b in arm 48 .
  • the heat affected zones of the components are weakened as compared to the portions outside of the heat affected zones.
  • upper leg 42 of base 32 includes foot 84 and a tongue 57 defined by a stem 85 and rails 87 .
  • the undersurface 89 of foot 84 sets against main surface 63 of seat 61 . While a ridge 91 and valley 93 is preferably formed along the midpoint of foot 84 for positioning and additional lateral support, this construction is not essential. Also, the ridge and valley could be reversed.
  • the undersurface 89 of base 32 is further provided with a groove 95 that generally parallels the outer sidewall 99 of foot 84 .
  • groove 95 preferably has an outer wall 95 a that is spaced from sidewall 99 .
  • Outer wall 95 a, at the bottom of groove 95 transitions into a rounded dome wall 95 b which, in turn, turns into an inclined inner wall 95 c.
  • the dome wall 95 b is deemed to be the bottom of the groove irrespective of the actual orientation of the part.
  • the groove is preferably spaced from outer wall 99 of the welded part so as to be just outside of the heat affected zone, though the groove could be closer or farther from the outer wall so long as the groove is sufficiently far from wall 99 to avoid breakage and sufficiently close to redirect the stress concentrations to the material forming the groove.
  • the welding process causes great heating of both base 32 and arm 48 along with the weld material. These portions are considered to have been weakened on account of this heating.
  • the height H of the groove is variable, but in one preferred embodiment the height is slightly larger than the thickness of the heat affected zone 83 a.
  • groove 95 can have different width dimensions, but in one preferred construction has a width W that is about 11 ⁇ 2 times larger than the height.
  • the groove could have a height H of 2.7 mm, a width W of 4.8 mm and be spaced a distance S 2.3 mm from sidewall 99 .
  • Numerous variations in shape and size could be used in forming the foot 84 and groove 95 .
  • weld bead As the weld bead cools, it contracts to leave a residual tensile stress along the sides of the joint.
  • the abutment of undersurface 89 against main surface 63 defines unwelded surfaces within the uniting of base 32 and arm 48 by weld bead 82 . These unbonded surfaces define a gap 102 (or the effect of a gap even if the surfaces are completely flush with each other), which acts like a crack when under load.
  • loads transferred through weld bead 82 can produce high stresses at the end of the gap (i.e., at the bottom of the weld joint). This is also at the start of the heat affected zone 83 , which is already weakened due to the heat.
  • groove 95 near weld bead 82 reduces the stress in the weld. As the weld bead cools and contracts, it draws the lip 111 (i.e., the portion of foot 84 between outer wall 95 a and sidewall 99 ) outward. In this way, the residual stress is concentrated at the top of the groove (i.e., along dome surface 95 b ), rather than at the end of gap 102 .
  • the top of the groove has a smooth radius, which provides a much lower stress concentration factor than the sharp end of the gap. It is also formed in the parent metal of the part, which is stronger than the weld material at the end of the gap. This construction, then, greatly reduces the tendency of the weld to crack. Moreover, in the preferred construction, the stress concentration is resisted by material outside of the heat affected zone.
  • groove 95 in the underside of base 32 also eases and improves the removal of the base from arm 48 .
  • the user can easily follow the groove by sight. In this way, the contour that remains after the cutting is very near the original weld prep shape, and little clean-up is required before welding on a replacement part.
  • Groove 95 preferably extends along the edge portions of the part subject to being welded, in the illustrated embodiment it preferably extends along the entire periphery of base 32 , but could be less if desired.
  • the groove could be used to secure a base or other welded components to a wide array of excavators including, for example, front end loaders, electric shovels, hydraulic excavators, hydraulic shovels, clamshells, draglines, rock grapples, dragheads and other equipment.
  • the groove could be also be used to attach a weld-on adapter, shroud or other member to an excavator.
  • the use of such a groove can provide benefits in attaching a wide array of welded parts to a support surface in a myriad of different structures inside and outside the dredging, mining and construction industries.
  • Upper leg 42 extends rearward of body 40 along upper side 55 of the arm to define coupling configuration 56 for securing the adapter.
  • the coupling configuration is preferably an axial T-shaped tongue 57 that slidably engages a complementary construction 58 on adapter 34 . Nonetheless, other constructions provided with at least one laterally extending shoulder could be used to couple the adapter and the base.
  • the coupling configuration 56 could be formed as other generally T-shaped tongues such as a dovetail tongue and other tongues that laterally broaden in a symmetrical manner, other non-symmetrical shaped tongues, or a slot having T, dovetail or other shape.
  • the upper leg preferably extends initially upward above body 40 to enable the adapter to slide past the body and couple with the tongue.
  • the rear end wall of upper leg 42 defines a rear bearing surface 60 adapted to engage lock 36 .
  • the rear bearing surface is preferably curved and most preferably defines a convex spherical segment ( FIG. 2 ). Nonetheless, a flat rear bearing surface could be used, albeit with reduced benefits.
  • the body 40 projects forward from the front edge 44 of arm 48 to resist the forces applied to the tooth 30 during use.
  • the body includes sidewalls 50 , 52 , top and bottom walls 64 , 66 and a front bearing surface 68 .
  • the front bearing surface 68 has a convex, curved shape, as discussed more fully below, to maintain a substantially full face contact with a complementary surface on the adapter during transverse loading of the tooth.
  • front bearing surface 68 defines a convex spherical segment (as illustrated by the shaded portion in FIG. 2 ) to accommodate transverse loading in any direction, such as, side loads, upward loads, downward loads or virtually any load that applies a force transverse to the longitudinal axis 69 of the tooth.
  • bearing surface 68 could be formed with a surface that is curved in both horizontal and vertical directions but is not spherical. In this type of construction the radii of curvature for either or both curved directions could be fixed or variable. Moreover, the bearing surface 68 could be provided with a curved shape in only one direction, although with reduced benefits. For instance, bearing surface 68 could be curved in only a horizontal or vertical direction or in any particular desired direction. However, when curved in only one direction, the desired full face contact can only be maintained for transverse loading in the same general direction as the curvature of the bearing surface.
  • the radius (or radii) of curvature defining bearing surface 68 is based upon the relative gap that exists between the base and the adapter. For instance, a clearance is formed between the parts to ensure the adapter can be coupled to the base, especially along the coupling configuration.
  • the adapter will rotate until the gaps along the sides close at diagonally opposing corners forming a couple to oppose the lateral load. If the gap between the base and the adapter is the same along the front end and the rear end of base 32 , then the center of rotation of the adapter will be at about the mid point M of base 32 (i.e., the mid point between bearing surfaces 60 , 68 ).
  • the center of rotation is used as the imaginary center point for the radius of curvature.
  • the differences in the clearance along the sides could be different than the clearance along the top and bottom of the base and adapter.
  • the curvature in the horizontal direction is preferably different than the curvature in the vertical direction so as to correspond to the spacing of the different clearances.
  • the rear bearing surface 60 is curved in the same way as front bearing surface 68 , although they could be different. Accordingly, the rear bearing surface can be varied in the same manner as discussed above for front bearing face 68 (e.g., with curves in one or more directions).
  • the rear and front bearing surfaces 60 , 68 are defined by radii of curvature that initiate from the same point that matches the center of rotation of the adapter. However, due to unavoidable deflection of the parts under heavy loads, there can be some divergence of the points defining the radii of curvature for the front and rear bearing surfaces.
  • rear bearing surface 60 can have a widely different starting point for defining the radius of curvature, or it can even be flat, though such a construction will impose higher stresses on the lock and rear of the base.
  • the front and rear bearing surfaces may have the same curvature, but also may simply have corresponding curvatures, i.e., where the radius of curvature originates at the same point even though they may each have different lengths. For example, if the center of rotation of the adapter, as discussed above, is closer to the rear end than the front end, then rear bearing surface 60 will preferably have a smaller radius of curvature than front bearing surface 68 .
  • each locator formation includes a locator nose 70 ( FIG. 5 ) that projects from a recess 71 .
  • each locator nose is cast as part of the arm with a particular shaped core in the mold. The core is placed in the mold in the orientation needed for positioning each tooth properly on the arm. In this way, there are no difficulties in positioning the adapters on the arms.
  • the locator noses 70 cast in the arm 48 already provides the desired orientation for the tooth.
  • the locator nose projects from a recess 71 formed in the front edge of arm 48 .
  • the trough surfaces 72 in the bottom of the recesses oppose the inner edges 53 , 54 of the sidewalls 50 , 52 of the body of the base preferably leaving a small gap. This gap also enables the operator to more easily cut the base from the arm if needed.
  • a space 73 preferably exists between the outer surfaces 74 , 75 of sidewalls 50 , 52 and the bevel surfaces 76 to accommodate the application of a weld.
  • the adapter includes a coupling formation 78 that interacts with the locator formations 65 to properly position the excavating tooth for maximum cutting efficiency.
  • the body 40 of base 32 defines a pocket 77 that matingly receives the locator nose 70 to properly position and support the base on the arm.
  • the side faces 79 and free end face 80 of nose 70 fit against complementary surfaces defining pocket 77 to properly orient the tooth on the arm and provide support for the boss in addition to the welds.
  • noses 70 preferably have a considerable forward extension. In a preferred construction, the noses extend approximately 1.50 inches beyond trough surfaces 72 and within a range of about 0.75 to 2.25 inches. Nevertheless, lesser or greater nose extensions could be used.
  • the wear member in the form of adapter 34 has a rear portion 86 that mounts to base 32 and a front portion 88 for holding a point or tip (not shown).
  • the front portion includes a forwardly projecting nose 90 that is received into the socket of a point.
  • the nose can have any configuration for mounting a point.
  • the front portion further includes a slot 92 for receiving a lock pin (not shown) to hold the point to the adapter.
  • the rear portion 86 includes an upper leg 94 , a lower leg 96 , and a mid portion 98 .
  • Lower leg 96 of adapter 34 overlies bottom wall 66 .
  • upper leg 94 extends rearward to overlie top wall 64 and upper leg 42 of base 32 .
  • the upper leg of adapter 34 includes a coupling configuration 58 that is adapted to mate with the coupling configuration 56 of base 32 .
  • the coupling configuration of adapter 34 can be varied in the same way as the coupling configuration for base 32 .
  • upper leg 94 includes a T-shaped slot 103 that matingly receives T-shaped tongue 57 .
  • the T-shaped slot 103 is open along the inner surface 104 and in the rear wall 106 of upper leg 94 to facilitate receipt of tongue 57 .
  • Ribs 107 are preferably formed along the inner edge 108 of mid portion 98 for enhanced strength to resist cracking during use ( FIGS. 1 , 7 and 8 ).
  • the mid portion 98 of adapter 34 includes an interior recess 109 having an abutment or abutting surface 105 adapted to abut front bearing surface 68 of base 32 .
  • Abutment 105 is arcuate and concave in shape to match the arcuate front bearing surface 68 .
  • abutment 105 and bearing surface 68 each preferably define a spherical segment with essentially the same radius of curvature, although the curves could differ within a certain range of values primarily because of deflection that occurs in the parts under heavy loading.
  • the preferred shape of abutment 105 and bearing surface 68 is defined by a radius of curvature that is determined by the clearance between the front and rear end portions of the adapter and base.
  • the gaps between the base and the adapter are uniform from front to back along the sides and along the top and bottom so that the curved bearing surfaces 68 , 105 each define a spherical segment.
  • the actual desired size of the radius of curvature defining the spherical segments would depend on the gaps as well as the actual size of the part.
  • the radius of curvature defining surfaces 68 , 105 is preferably not larger than the length of base 32 (i.e., the distance between rear and front bearing surfaces 60 , 68 ) to avoid having too broad of an arc.
  • a side load L 1 tends to rotate adapter 34 relative to base 32 about a center of rotation C.
  • the radius of curvature defining bearing surfaces 68 , 105 originate from the same center of rotation. Because of the mating arcuate configuration of abutment 105 and bearing surface 68 , these surfaces remain in essentially full bearing contact with each other. Accordingly, no forces are applied as point contacts in the axial direction to prematurely wear the parts. Instead, the axial loads are spread out over substantially the whole of the abutment 105 and bearing surface 68 to greatly reduce the stress in the parts. As a result, the high stresses accompanying resultant forces R 2 , R 3 ( FIG. 16 ) are essentially eliminated.
  • Adapter 34 further includes an opening 110 in a rear portion of upper leg 94 (FIGS. 1 and 7 - 9 ).
  • opening 110 has a generally rectangular configuration with a curved front wall 113 and a curved rear wall 115 . Nevertheless, it is not necessary that the walls be curved or that the opening has an overall generally rectangular configuration. Rather, the opening can have virtually any shape so long as it receives the lock which, in turn, secures the adapter to the base. If there is any shifting of adapter 34 during use, the lock 36 tends to move with the adapter. Hence, there is ordinarily no significant shifting between the lock and the adapter and thus no undue wearing therebetween.
  • Rear wall 115 preferably includes a hole 117 that extends through the rear end 106 of upper leg 94 to accommodate an adjustment assembly of lock 36 . Nevertheless, hole 117 could have a variety of different shapes or be eliminated if an adjustment assembly is not used or one is used that does not require the space provided by hole 117 .
  • Lock 36 is adapted to be received in opening 110 (FIGS. 1 and 10 - 14 ).
  • lock 36 has a generally rectangular configuration with a curved front wall 123 and a curved rear wall 125 to match the configuration of opening 110 .
  • the curved walls 115 , 125 tend to reduce any wearing in the event shifting occurs.
  • lock 36 may have a varied shape in the same way as discussed above for opening 110 .
  • lock 36 comprises an outer part 127 , an inner part 129 , a resilient member 131 and an actuator, preferably in the form of a screw 133 .
  • Outer part 127 defines a cavity 134 for receiving the inner part 129 and resilient member 131 .
  • outer part 127 is generally C-shaped to include a base wall 135 , a top wall 137 and a bottom wall 139 .
  • a pair of lips 141 , 143 extends toward each other from the top and bottom walls 137 , 139 to contain the inner part 129 and resilient member 131 in cavity 134 .
  • Base wall 135 includes an aperture 136 for receiving screw 133 .
  • the inner part also has a generally C-shaped configuration with a center wall 147 and two sidewalls 149 .
  • the two C-shaped components fit together to generally define a box-like shape.
  • sidewalls 149 are at obtuse angles to center wall 147 to match the side edges 150 of outer part 127 .
  • An internally threaded boss 151 extends rearward from the center of center wall 147 to receive screw 133 .
  • Resilient member 131 is preferably an elastomer.
  • the elastomer is composed of neoprene or rubber, although other types of elastomeric materials can be used.
  • the elastomer is shaped for receipt in inner part 129 about boss 151 .
  • resilient member 131 has a base portion 132 with an aperture 138 and a pair of arm portions 142 . Nevertheless, other shapes could be used. Moreover, other kinds of resilient members could be used, such as Bellville springs or a coiled spring.
  • the lock is assembled by placing the resilient member 131 about boss 151 in inner part 129 .
  • the combined inner part and resilient member are then inserted laterally into the side of cavity 134 in outer part 127 , i.e., by side edges 150 .
  • boss 151 is aligned with aperture 136
  • screw 133 is preferably back threaded into boss 151 until it is received into aperture 136 . The screw ensures that the component parts do not become inadvertently disassembled.
  • Screw 133 includes a head 153 with some means for engaging a tool (not shown) for turning the screw.
  • screw head 153 has internal flats 155 for receiving an appropriate wrench.
  • the free end of screw 133 includes a bearing surface 157 that abuts rear bearing surface 60 when the screw is advanced.
  • lock 36 initially is a rigid lock member. As wear begins to develop between adapter 34 and base 32 , resilient member 131 expands to dampen movement of the adapter relative to the base and maintain a tight relationship between the components of the tooth. This expansion of lock 36 continues to hold the components tightly together until resilient member 131 reaches its fully expanded position (i.e., when the inner part abuts against lips 141 , 143 ).
  • Bearing surface 157 on screw 133 preferably has a concave, arcuate surface to engage the corresponding rear bearing surface 60 ( FIG. 14 ).
  • bearing surface 60 and 157 are each formed as a spherical segment. In this way, bearing surface 157 remains in substantially full contact with rear bearing surface 60 as adapter 34 shifts under transverse loading (i.e., as the adapter rotates about its center of rotation). While bearing surfaces 60 and 157 can be formed with the same radius of curvature, bearing surface 157 of screw 133 can alternatively be formed with a smaller radius of curvature so as to contact rear bearing surface 60 with a circular contact. The spherical configuration of the rear base surface still enables the circle contact of screw 133 to remain in substantially full contact with base 32 during any shifting of the adapter.
  • a lock with a different adjustment assembly could be used, such as the fluid actuator as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,653,048 to Jones et al., herein incorporated by reference.
  • an opening and lock such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,088,214 to Jones et al., herein incorporated by reference, without an adjustment assembly could also be used.
  • weld-on adapters 175 can be mounted on the locator formations 65 of the dredge cutterhead arm 48 without bases 32 ( FIG. 19 ). While the use of such adapters does not provide the easy removal and installation procedures of the mechanically attached adapters discussed above, the locator formations still provide easy positioning of the adapters as well as additional support.
  • adapters 175 include a pair of bifurcated legs 177 , 178 that straddle the arm, although a single leg could be used (not shown). If a single leg is used, the leg will preferably be located on the upper side of the arm to enable easier welding of the adapter to the arm.
  • the adapter includes a coupling formation 180 to matingly fit with the locator formations 65 so as to properly position the adapter, and thus, the tooth point (not shown) for maximum digging efficiency.
  • adapters 175 include a pocket 183 that matingly receives nose 70 with surfaces that oppose side faces 79 and end face 80 to properly position and support the adapter in use.
  • the adapter is then welded along all or parts of its periphery.
  • the adapter is preferably spaced from the trough surfaces 72 for easier removal of the adapter from the arm.
  • adapter 175 a includes a coupling formation 180 a that does not rely upon nose 70 for positioning and support ( FIG. 20 ).
  • each locator formation includes a pair of spaced apart surfaces having a particular shape and spacing to engage, support and properly position a wear member.
  • trough surfaces 72 to each side of nose 70 are formed with a shape that matches the inner edge surfaces of the bight 185 a interconnecting legs 177 a, 178 a.
  • the bight surface 185 a sets against trough surfaces to properly orient the tooth.
  • An adapter with coupling formation 180 a can include an enlarged pocket 183 a that does not engage nose 70 or can be used with an arm that does not include a nose 70 .
  • another weld-on adapter can be fit over base 32 .
  • the adapter includes a pocket that matingly receives body 40 and includes a configuration, such as a recess, that enables the arm to fit over but not connect to the tongue of base 32 .
  • a base without a leg or with a leg having no coupling tongue could be used with such a weld-on adapter. In either case, the body 40 of base 32 properly orients and provides support to the adapter, which is then welded to the arm.
  • wear assembly 230 is secured to arm 48 .
  • assembly 230 is described in terms of mounting an adapter on a cutterhead, but it could be used to secure other wear members to other excavating equipment.
  • Assembly 230 includes a base 232 fixed to arm 48 by welding, mechanical attachment or by being cast with the arm, and a wear member or adapter 234 fit over the base.
  • Base 232 and adapter 234 are similar to base 32 and adapter 34 in construction and purpose, and are essentially the same except as described below.
  • Base 232 includes a front bearing surface 268 to engage a complementary abutting surface 305 of adapter 234 to primarily resist the heavy axial loading applied to tooth 230 during use.
  • bearing surface 268 and abutment 305 are curved, preferably about two perpendicular axes.
  • bearing surface 268 and abutment 305 are divided into sections by front stops 350 , 351 .
  • bearing surface 268 includes a first section 268 a above stop 350 and a second section 268 b below stop 350 .
  • abutting surface 305 is divided into a first section 305 a above stop 351 and second section 305 b below stop 351 .
  • bearing surface 268 a and abutting surface 305 a have complementary surfaces that conform to a spherical segment.
  • bearing surface 268 b and abutting surface 305 b have complementary surfaces that conform to a spherical segment, but one which is concentric to bearing and abutting surfaces 268 a, 305 a.
  • sections 268 a, 268 b 305 a, 305 b function essentially as unified front bearing and abutting surfaces 268 , 305 in resisting the axial loading.
  • the curved bearing and abutting surfaces 268 , 305 enable to the parts to move relative to each other under load without creating undue stress concentrations in the corners of the components as in the past. Unrestricted motion between the components, however, can lead to undesirable wear rates. Loads with upward components are, without front stops 350 , 351 , resisted primarily by lower faces 370 , 371 and by the tongue and slot arrangement 257 , 303 . However, flexing of the adapter 234 causes faces 305 a, 305 b to slide along faces 268 a, 268 b. The relative movement between the base and the adapter can be significant and lead to premature wearing of both components.
  • stops 350 , 351 at the front of the base (i.e., where the sliding occurs) and extending generally transverse to the direction the adapter rocks over the base is effective in resisting and reducing such relative motion and, in turn, reducing wearing of the components.
  • base 232 includes axially spaced stops 355 , 360 along leg 242 .
  • a medial stop 355 projects upward at a medial portion of base 232 , preferably around the intersection of legs 238 , 242 (although other positions are possible), and a rear stop 360 projects upward proximate rear wall 260 .
  • Adapter 234 includes a recess 309 to at least partially receive base 232 , and an opening 310 to receive lock 36 ( FIG. 23 ).
  • Recess 309 includes a plurality of complementary stops 356 , 361 to abut stops 355 , 360 , respectively (FIGS. 23 and 26 - 28 ).
  • Stops 356 , 361 are to (i) be generally transverse to the axis and expected sliding of the leg, (ii) provide additional surface area to better resist rocking of adapter 234 under upward loads, and (iii) be spaced apart along the leg to better reduce relative shifting of all portions of the adapter under upward loading. While stops 355 , 356 , 360 , 361 are intended to supplement front stops 350 , 351 , it is possible to rely upon only one or a pair of the front, medial or rear stops.
  • Base stops 355 , 360 and adapter stops 356 , 361 define tiers or stair-steps to resist the upward loads without unduly enlarging the size of the assembly and to facilitate easy casting of the component.
  • medial stop 355 extends farther from arm 48 than the front bearing surface 268
  • rear stop 360 extends farther from arm 48 than medial stop 355 .
  • Stops 355 , 356 , 360 , 361 could be laterally spaced relative to each other, instead of or in addition to being vertically spaced, in their medial and rear positions.
  • Stops 355 , 356 , 360 , 361 are preferably planar, but could alternatively be arcuate or conformed to a spherical segment.
  • stops 355 , 356 , 360 , 361 can be vertical or somewhat inclined so long as they are generally transverse to the expected direction of shifting of the component.
  • lower leg 238 of base 232 includes a lower stop 365 adapted to abut complementary stop 366 formed on the end of lower leg 296 of adapter 234 .
  • stops 365 , 366 resist rocking of the adapter on the base for downward loading.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Component Parts Of Construction Machinery (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
US11/483,581 2006-07-10 2006-07-10 Assembly for securing a wear Abandoned US20080005940A1 (en)

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US11/483,581 US20080005940A1 (en) 2006-07-10 2006-07-10 Assembly for securing a wear
PCT/US2007/015534 WO2008008274A2 (fr) 2006-07-10 2007-07-05 Ensemble pour attacher un élément d'usure à une excavatrice

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WO2012016251A1 (fr) * 2010-07-26 2012-02-02 Krzysztof Ludwik Troszczynski Système de pièce d'usure
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US20140059270A1 (en) * 2012-08-23 2014-02-27 Etai Zaltsman Efficient enforcement of command execution order in solid state drives
USD705275S1 (en) * 2013-02-12 2014-05-20 Cqms Pty Ltd. Excavator lip
US9938695B2 (en) * 2015-09-10 2018-04-10 Caterpillar Inc. Shroud retention system for a work tool
US10196799B2 (en) * 2014-12-19 2019-02-05 Caterpillar Inc. Ground engaging tool
US10196798B2 (en) 2016-05-13 2019-02-05 Caterpillar Inc. Tool adapter and shroud protector for a support assembly for ground engaging tools
WO2019032398A1 (fr) * 2017-08-07 2019-02-14 Hensley Industries, Inc. Structure de stabilisateur de rebord de godet
US20190368166A1 (en) * 2016-06-24 2019-12-05 Caterpillar Inc. Wear member retention system for an implement
US10513837B2 (en) 2016-05-13 2019-12-24 Caterpillar Inc. Support assembly for ground engaging tools
US10519632B2 (en) 2016-05-13 2019-12-31 Caterpillar Inc. Shroud insert assembly using a resilient member
US20200157782A1 (en) * 2018-11-20 2020-05-21 Caterpillar Inc. Bolt retention assembly for a work tool
US10883257B2 (en) 2018-11-06 2021-01-05 Caterpillar Inc. Shroud retention system for a work tool
USD922447S1 (en) 2018-11-06 2021-06-15 Caterpillar Inc. Retention component
CN114541510A (zh) * 2022-03-02 2022-05-27 张晓智 挖掘机分体式挖斗的斗齿结构及其连接方法
US20220243428A1 (en) * 2021-01-29 2022-08-04 Esco Group Llc Wear assembly, digging edge and inserts for earth working equipment

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US9242247B2 (en) * 2011-04-15 2016-01-26 Esco Corporation Replaceable wear parts for an earth-working roll
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