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US20070289720A1 - Self-Heating Chemical System for Sustained Modulation of Temperature - Google Patents

Self-Heating Chemical System for Sustained Modulation of Temperature Download PDF

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Publication number
US20070289720A1
US20070289720A1 US11/610,192 US61019206A US2007289720A1 US 20070289720 A1 US20070289720 A1 US 20070289720A1 US 61019206 A US61019206 A US 61019206A US 2007289720 A1 US2007289720 A1 US 2007289720A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
water
heating element
heat
containment member
coating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/610,192
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English (en)
Inventor
Aydin Sunol
Brandon Smeltzer
Sermin Sunol
Raquel Carvallo
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University of South Florida St Petersburg
Original Assignee
University of South Florida St Petersburg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by University of South Florida St Petersburg filed Critical University of South Florida St Petersburg
Priority to US11/610,192 priority Critical patent/US20070289720A1/en
Assigned to UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA reassignment UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CARVALLO, RAQUEL, SMELTZER, BRANDON, SUNOL, SERMIN G., SUNOL, AYDIN K.
Publication of US20070289720A1 publication Critical patent/US20070289720A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/16—Materials undergoing chemical reactions when used
    • C09K5/18—Non-reversible chemical reactions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a self-heating system where the heat is provided by chemical reactions, mixing, sorption, phase change, and dissolution.
  • a self-heating chemical system using one or more primary components for exothermic reactions such as calcium oxide
  • one or more porous components that can serve as a heat sink and conductor of heat as well as under going chemical transformations that release heat zeolite
  • a weak acid citric acid
  • Exothermic reactions, mixing of some chemicals, sorption of certain chemicals, phase changes in chemicals, and dissolution of some chemicals in solvents release heat during these operations.
  • the rate of heat generation coupled with mass and energy transfer rates to or from system(s) allows modulation of the temperature of systems. The modulation can be further enhanced by controlled release and availability of some of the components.
  • This method provides with a class of self-heating product applications and focuses on the modulation of temperature through sequestering of reactions with different rates, heat release through dissolution, heat release through mixing, heat release through sorption, heat release through phase change as well as controlling mass and heat transfer rates.
  • FIG. 1 is an illustration depicting a procedure for a chemical mixture for a self-heating chemical system for sustained heat modulation.
  • the mix includes 17 g. of CaO (uncalcined), 8.5 g. HZeo, 1 g. citric acid, 4 g. PE and 36 ml. water.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating the temperature profile of the activated system depicted in FIG. 1 .
  • T 1 through T 4 refer to the temperature at various distances from the chemical pouch containing the reactants with distance increasing from T 1 to T 4 .
  • FIG. 3 is an illustration depicting a procedure for a calcined CaO chemical mixture of a self-heating chemical system for sustained heat modulation.
  • the mix included 17 g. of CaO (calcined), 8.5 g. HZeo, 1 g. citric acid, 4 g. PE and 36 ml. water.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating the temperature profile of the activated system depicted in FIG. 3 .
  • T 1 through T 4 refer to the temperature at various distances from the chemical pouch containing the reactants.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph depicting the moisture absorbed by the CaO as a function of time.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating the center temperature profile using the chemical mix composed of a primary heater (CaO), a porous component that also generates heat (Zeolite), and a weak acid (citric acid).
  • a primary heater CaO
  • a porous component that also generates heat Zeolite
  • a weak acid citric acid
  • FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating the use of a slight vacuum to mix the chemicals with the water.
  • FIG. 8 is graph illustrating temperature profiles for a system using 5 towels and having a composition including 17.5 g. of CaO, 4.5 g. Chabazite, 3 g. citric acid, and 35 ml. water. The graph illustrates the temperature at various points within the pouch system.
  • FIG. 9 is a pair of illustration.
  • A is a graph depicting a desirable time-temperature band, and modulation thereof, for the heating system.
  • (B) is an illustration depicting a coated chemical component/substrate for the system.
  • FIG. 10 is an illustration depicting a five towel application of the chemical pouch system utilizing a self-heating chemical system for sustained heat modulation.
  • FIG. 11 is an illustration depicting the chemical pouch system of the five towel application depicted in FIG. 10 .
  • FIG. 12 is an illustration depicting a generalized scheme for a chemical pouch.
  • FIG. 13 is a series of illustrations depicting the activation of the generalized scheme of the chemical pouch depicted in FIG. 12 .
  • A depicts the pouch in an unactivated state with water filling the inner pouch exerting pressure on the pouch walls as indicated by the “p”.
  • B depicts the activation of the chemical pouch by applying pressure/force, denoted “F” externally to the pouch resulting in rupture of the inner pouch and release of water contained therein.
  • C depicts the activated chemical pouch releasing heat denoted “Q”.
  • FIG. 14 is a series of illustrations depicting a chemical pouch, based upon the generalized scheme of FIG. 12 , surrounded by a towel.
  • A depicts the pouch in the unactivated state where the pouch is completely surrounded by a towel.
  • B depicts the pouch and towel system upon activation with the release of heat (Q).
  • FIG. 15 is a series of illustrations depicting a self-heating chemical system with the system seal in a in a pouch.
  • A depicts the system in the unactivated state.
  • B depicts the activated system in the pouch.
  • the disclosed invention is a self-heating chemical system for sustained modulation of temperature.
  • a self-heating chemical system using one or more primary components for exothermic reactions (such as calcium oxide), one or more porous components that can serve as a heat sink and conductor of heat as well as under going chemical transformations that release heat (zeolite), a weak acid (citric acid) for sustained modulation of temperature and pH.
  • Exothermic reactions mixing of some chemicals, sorption of certain chemicals, phase changes in chemicals, and dissolution of some chemicals in solvents release heat during these operations.
  • the rate of heat generation coupled with mass and energy transfer rates to or from system(s) allows modulation of the temperature of systems.
  • This invention relates to a mixture that allows sequencing.
  • FIG. 6 there is a graph illustrating the heat generated as a function of time of a chemical mix composed of a primary heater (CaO), a porous component that also generates heat (Zeolite), and a weak acid (citric acid).
  • the amount of chemical used is this illustration is about 42 gr.
  • the mix is 77% CaO, 14% Zeolite and 9% Citric Acid by weight for full recipe; and 84% CaO and 16% Zeolite for the recipe without citric acid.
  • the total amount of chemicals and water used is the same in all three cases. As shown, the system can heat fast and maintain a uniform and high temperature.
  • FIG. 7 there is shown a graph illustrating the temperature profile comparing a vacuum to non-vacuum.
  • the results illustrate the advantages of using slight vacuum.
  • the vacuum provides an avenue for rapid and thorough mixing of water (solvent) with the chemicals.
  • the resulting reaction avoids hot spots due to improper mixing that happens during the initial period.
  • vacuumed containment results in more uniform and higher temperatures, at latter periods, upon mixing.
  • the porous component allows intra-particle void space.
  • the inter-particle void space is not pertinent and is reduced during vacuuming.
  • FIG. 8 there is shown the time-temperature profile of a 5 towel system employing 7.5 g. of CaO, 4.5 g. Chabazite, 3 g. citric acid, and 35 ml. water.
  • the figure illustrates temperature profiles of five disposable wash clothes heated using the aforementioned chemical system composed of chemicals containment (chemical pouch) and containment comprised of water (water pouch). All but water is in one pouch while water is in another pouch. When the chemicals are mixed the reaction is initiated to heat the adjacent wash clothes.
  • the time-temperature profiles of five wash clothes are given in FIG. 8 along with the chemical recipe.
  • FIG. 9 (A) illustrates a desirable time-temperature band the heating system should be modulated within as well as one of the ways it can be achieved.
  • the coated material as shown in FIG. 9 (B), can be any of the chemical (zeolite, calcium oxide and citric acid) components. All or fraction of the compounds can be encapsulated.
  • the particle size of the chemicals, chemicals coated, coating thickness, coating material, porosity of the porous compounds, the amount of chemicals used, the composition of the chemical mix, and the amount of water used all enable modulating and sustained performance within the desirable time-temperature band.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a self-heating system for sustained modulation providing a contained packet system ( 16 ) with five towels ( 60 ).
  • a vacuum is used to create a gradient for the water to move into the chemical pouch ( 10 ).
  • the vacuum allows the chemical mix ( 20 ) to wet faster and therefore heat faster and more evenly when the water pouch ( 42 ) containing the water ( 40 ) is broken.
  • the water pouch ( 42 ) is broken, the water is contained within the sealant film ( 22 ) of the chemical pouch ( 10 ).
  • the porous material allows more reaction area and enables pulling vacuum better. The pull vacuum helps to empty void space. Since the pouch material is flexible and takes the shape of material (i.e.
  • the available space for the water to go through is very limited if you do not have porous particles. In the absence of porous particles, the volume you would have is limited to void space between neighboring particles. Instead, in the present instance, the porous matrix in the particles allows space for water without the chemical pouch expanding significantly.
  • FIG. 12 there is shown a generalized schema of the chemical pouch ( 10 ) of the self-heating chemical system for sustained modulation of heat.
  • the pouch is a dual layer system with water ( 40 ) contained in the inner water pouch ( 42 ) and the chemical mix ( 20 ) contained in the outer pouch, the limit of which is defined by the outer sealant film ( 22 ).
  • the system can be stored and transported in an unactivated/unreacted state. Heat generation begins upon rupture of the water pouch ( 40 ).
  • FIG. 13 there is shown the procedure for activation of an exemplary system.
  • the water ( 40 ) is maintained in the water pouch ( 42 ), filling the pouch and applying a pressure (p) on the inner walls of the water pouch ( 42 ).
  • a user exerts a force (F) on the external walls of the sealant film ( 22 ) chemical pouch ( 10 ), causing the water pouch ( 22 ) to rupture.
  • the rupture of the water pouch ( 42 ) allows the water ( 40 ) contained therein the escape the water pouch ( 42 ) and mix with the chemical mix ( 20 ) contained within the sealant film ( 22 ).
  • FIG. 13 (C) it is illustrated that the mixture of the water ( 40 ) with the chemical mix ( 20 ) within the chemical pouch system ( 10 ) produces an exothermic reaction that liberates heat (Q).
  • FIG. 14 (A) there is shown a generalized schema of a towel system ( 12 ) employing the self-heating chemical system for sustained modulation of heat.
  • the towel system utilizes one or more towels ( 60 ) chemical surrounding a chemical pouch system ( 10 ).
  • FIG. 14 (B) illustrates the towel system upon rupture of the water pouch ( 42 ), thus allowing the mixture of the water ( 40 ) with the chemical mixture ( 20 ) resulting in the liberation of heat (Q) from the system.
  • FIG. 15 there is shown a generalized schema of a towel-pouch system ( 16 ) wherein a towel system ( 12 ) employing the self-heating chemical system ( 10 ) for sustained modulation of heat is contained.
  • the towel-pouch system ( 16 ) includes an outer film ( 82 ) to store and contain the towel system ( 12 ) employing the chemical pouch ( 10 ) of the self-heating chemical system for sustained modulation of heat.
  • an insulator can be localized to the area ( 80 ) immediately adjacent to the outer film ( 82 ) to insulate the chemical system and the heat (Q) produced by the reaction of the system.
  • the outer film ( 82 ) further includes a seal ( 84 ) to facilitate entry into the towel-pouch system ( 16 ) and removal of the towels system ( 12 ) contained therein.
  • the present invention facilitates the time-temperature modulation of heating. Furthermore, components, principally the water which initiates the reaction is sequestered, while upon the rupture of the water pouch the chemical component system enables the effective missing of the water with the chemicals.
  • the two pouch system utilizes heating components such as CaO/Zeolite/Citric acid in an outer pouch that is vacuumed.
  • the inner pouch contains the water. When you break the inner pouch by squeezing pouches, the inner pouch breaks and water rapidly permeates and diffuses into the chemicals.
  • Citric acid is used in the reaction to neutralize the reaction mix.
  • the citric acid goes through an exothermic reaction producing calcium citrate to further generate heat. It also has an endothermic dissolution step in water that cools the system in a regulated fashion to keep the temperatures within acceptable limits.
  • Calcium citrate is environmentally friendly compound.
  • MgO as shown in the previous formulas above is quick lime raw material mix. The mixture enables the following:
  • the system can be further tailored by encapsulating the chemical mixture in a coating.
  • the coating chemicals can then dissolve and disintegrate with temperature, pH change and mixing with water.
  • the thickness of the coating can be tailored to achieve desired rates of reaction, such as delaying the initiation of reaction by the contact with the water.
  • particles of various depths of coating may be used in an individual application to further tailor the modulation of response by having particles with thinner coatings initiate reaction more quickly, while thicker coatings producing a delayed response.
  • the coating chemicals can be water soluble polymers or sugars or any other chemical that disintegrates with heating
  • the system provides economy, sustainment and modulation of heat release, storage of energy.
  • the towels used in such a system can be wet towels or dry towels,
  • the towel system is meant to be exemplary of the types of uses that can be provided in a chemical system for sustained modulation of heat, but should not be interpreted as limiting to that particular application.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
US11/610,192 2005-12-13 2006-12-13 Self-Heating Chemical System for Sustained Modulation of Temperature Abandoned US20070289720A1 (en)

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US20090227967A1 (en) * 2008-03-05 2009-09-10 James A. Donovan Spa wax heating device
US20090320411A1 (en) * 2008-06-30 2009-12-31 James A. Donovan Method for creating a package pressure differential
WO2011159798A2 (fr) 2010-06-15 2011-12-22 University Of South Florida Procédé de modulation de systèmes chimiques exothermiques par le biais de matériaux à changement de phase
JP2012033986A (ja) * 2010-07-28 2012-02-16 Renesas Electronics Corp 包絡線増幅器
CN105854133A (zh) * 2016-03-25 2016-08-17 南昌大学 输液管取暖贴
US10036574B2 (en) 2013-06-28 2018-07-31 British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited Devices comprising a heat source material and activation chambers for the same
US10542777B2 (en) 2014-06-27 2020-01-28 British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited Apparatus for heating or cooling a material contained therein
CN111108044A (zh) * 2017-07-20 2020-05-05 坦普拉科技股份有限公司 具有分布的反应物的自加热食品袋
US11064725B2 (en) 2015-08-31 2021-07-20 British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited Material for use with apparatus for heating smokable material
US11241042B2 (en) 2012-09-25 2022-02-08 Nicoventures Trading Limited Heating smokeable material
US11452313B2 (en) 2015-10-30 2022-09-27 Nicoventures Trading Limited Apparatus for heating smokable material
US11659863B2 (en) 2015-08-31 2023-05-30 Nicoventures Trading Limited Article for use with apparatus for heating smokable material
US11672279B2 (en) 2011-09-06 2023-06-13 Nicoventures Trading Limited Heating smokeable material
US11825870B2 (en) 2015-10-30 2023-11-28 Nicoventures Trading Limited Article for use with apparatus for heating smokable material
WO2023241735A3 (fr) * 2022-06-17 2024-02-08 舜传科技(深圳)有限公司 Porte-serviettes chauffé électrique
US11924930B2 (en) 2015-08-31 2024-03-05 Nicoventures Trading Limited Article for use with apparatus for heating smokable material

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US8138111B2 (en) 2007-06-06 2012-03-20 Honeywell International Inc. Time-delayed activation of zeolite heating
CA2751675A1 (fr) 2009-01-07 2010-07-15 University Of South Florida Modulation prolongee de la temperature d'un systeme chimique autochauffant

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WO2007087039A3 (fr) 2007-12-27

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