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US20070199913A1 - Container and container closure with secure molded three dimensional image - Google Patents

Container and container closure with secure molded three dimensional image Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20070199913A1
US20070199913A1 US11/684,879 US68487907A US2007199913A1 US 20070199913 A1 US20070199913 A1 US 20070199913A1 US 68487907 A US68487907 A US 68487907A US 2007199913 A1 US2007199913 A1 US 2007199913A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
container
image
lithophane
closure
molded
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/684,879
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Kelley
Joseph Mendillo
Patrick Pigott
Martin Binder
Brett Niggel
Paul Roche
Robert Smith
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
JPMorgan Chase Bank NA
Berry Global Inc
Original Assignee
Erie County Plastics Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US10/375,233 external-priority patent/US20040170807A1/en
Application filed by Erie County Plastics Corp filed Critical Erie County Plastics Corp
Priority to US11/684,879 priority Critical patent/US20070199913A1/en
Publication of US20070199913A1 publication Critical patent/US20070199913A1/en
Priority to PCT/US2007/079548 priority patent/WO2008039847A2/fr
Assigned to JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. (SUCCESSOR IN INTEREST TO BANK ONE, N.A.) reassignment JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. (SUCCESSOR IN INTEREST TO BANK ONE, N.A.) ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ERIE COUNTY PLASTICS CORPORATION
Assigned to BERRY PLASTICS CORPORATION reassignment BERRY PLASTICS CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ERIE COUNTY PLASTICS CORPORATION
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D41/00—Caps, e.g. crown caps or crown seals, i.e. members having parts arranged for engagement with the external periphery of a neck or wall defining a pouring opening or discharge aperture; Protective cap-like covers for closure members, e.g. decorative covers of metal foil or paper
    • B65D41/32—Caps or cap-like covers with lines of weakness, tearing-strips, tags, or like opening or removal devices, e.g. to facilitate formation of pouring openings
    • B65D41/34—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt
    • B65D41/3423—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt with flexible tabs, or elements rotated from a non-engaging to an engaging position, formed on the tamper element or in the closure skirt
    • B65D41/3428—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt with flexible tabs, or elements rotated from a non-engaging to an engaging position, formed on the tamper element or in the closure skirt the tamper element being integrally connected to the closure by means of bridges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D51/00—Closures not otherwise provided for
    • B65D51/24—Closures not otherwise provided for combined or co-operating with auxiliary devices for non-closing purposes
    • B65D51/245—Closures not otherwise provided for combined or co-operating with auxiliary devices for non-closing purposes provided with decoration, information or contents indicating devices, labels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to containers and container closures with secure, molded three dimensional image (also called relief sculptures), and more particularly the present invention relates to a molded container and molded container closure or cap with an injection or compression molded lithophane image that is viewable only upon opening of the closure.
  • the present invention is not limited lithophane images, however a preferred embodiment of the invention includes a lithophane image such that a brief review of lithophane images is helpful for understanding the scope and content of the present invention.
  • Lithophanes are images that can be created by varying the amount of light that passes through a translucent material. Changing the thickness of the lithophane substrate creates a contrast in the light coming through the substrate and forms the lithophane image. It is obvious that the material used must be translucent for the effect to work.
  • a lithophane image is an image in a translucent material and which image is viewed by light coming through the material and in which varying thicknesses of the material are used to form contrasts in the transmitted light to form the image.
  • lithophanes were produced by many potteries throughout the world. Some of the finest examples, as well as some of largest quantities of lithophanes were produced in Germany by the companies Prensaich Porzellan Manufactur in Plaue (P.P.M.), Berlin Porzellan Manufactur (B.P.M.), and Koni Stahl Preussische Manufactur (K.P.M.). About 25 factories in Belgium, France, Denmark, Portugal, England, Italy, and Czechoslovakia produced lithophanes during the last century, with their popularity peaking in the middle of the century.
  • Porcelain Lithophanes were hung in front of windows, where the sunlight streaming through the panel revealed the designs in the porcelain. Since lithophanes need to be lit from behind be viewed properly, many beautiful types of lamps were made incorporating these porcelain artworks. Because of the era from which they originated, most lithophane lamps were quite fanciful and ornate. Candle screens incorporating lithophanes were also quite popular. Typically, they consisted of a decorative frame holding a lithophane, with a built-in candleholder to illuminate it from the rear. Multipaneled lamps were also quite popular. These came in many forms. Some were ornate shades that would hold from four to six flat panels, mounted on a matching lamp base.
  • machining of lithophane images is not a cost effective method of forming lithophane images economically on a large scale. Further, the traditional porcelain substrate is not appropriate for consumable products.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,306,470 discloses a lithophane-type pictorial work formed within a thin, generally closed container.
  • the illustrated container has a pair of generally parallel closely spaced-apart walls, one front wall and one rear wall.
  • the front wall is transparent and has a contoured forming surface on its inward face. This forming surface is the reverse or mirror-image of a desired contoured recessed picture-providing front surface of a desired lithophane-type pictorial work.
  • the container is generally filled with a translucent material, the desired lithophane-type work is thereby created within the container.
  • This work is thin and has the desired contoured recessed picture-providing front face where the material meets and interfaces with the forming surface.
  • the opposite or rear container wall is translucent or transparent so that light can pass through the work. The picture provided by the work is then visible through the transparent front wall.
  • Design Pat. No. D504,819 discloses a specific ornamental cover, which has an inner side thereof provided with a lithophane-type image. This disclosure is incorporated herein by reference and this design patent disclosure was filed after the filing dates of parent U.S. patent application Nos. 10/375,233 and 10/584,678.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,287,492 discloses an apparatus that includes a stamp having a three-dimensional contoured stamping, compressing or forming surface that is a reverse image of the contour of the recessed front surface of the desired finished lithophane-type pictorial object or work.
  • the stamp may be used to compress a pliant translucent material that is positioned on a base or support that has generally flat ancillary surface, to form the material into the work without further activity or delay.
  • the stamp may be hand held or may be mounted on a press or the like.
  • the surfaces may be reversed, with the stamp having the flat ancillary surface and the base may have the forming surface.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,520,049 and U.S. Publication 2004/0170807 disclose certain methods of forming a lithophane-type image from a pictorial work that can greatly facilitate the lithophane creation process. These references are incorporated herein by reference. Other die manufacturing techniques are believed to be within the skill of those in the art.
  • the present invention is intended to effectively expand the utilitarian application of lithophane type works to consumable products, namely containers and container closures or caps.
  • a container closure having a closed position and an open position and including a molded portion having a molded three dimensional image on at least one surface thereof, wherein the image is configured to be viewed with the container in the open position and the image is configured to be un-viewable with the container in the closed position.
  • the three dimensional image is a lithophane image that is formed by one of compression molding and injection molding.
  • the term lithophane is described above within the context of this application.
  • the molded material may be a thermosetting plastic.
  • the container may further include a tamper evident structure, such as a tamper evident band, configured to seal the container in the closed position at least prior to an initial opening of the container.
  • the invention is a cap for soda or wine bottles, having a generally cylindrical cross-section with one of the opposite ends open and the opposite end carrying a 3-D lithophane work.
  • the molded portion of the container is a container closure having a top, a skirt depending from the top, internal threads on the skirt for securing the closure to the remainder of the container, and wherein the tamper evident structure is a tamper evident band coupled to the depending skirt at least prior to the initial opening of the container.
  • the lithophane image is on an inner side of the top.
  • the top may include an annular shoulder and further including a transparent liner adjacent the shoulder.
  • the liner is molded to conform to the lithophane image. Further the lithophane image may have a depth of between about 10/1000 and 90/1000 of an inch.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a container closure for a container in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention illustrating the image placement;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the container closure of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic side section view of the container closure of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic side section view of a container closure for a container in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic side section view of a container closure for a container in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic side section view of a container closure for a container in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic side section view of a container closure for a container in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic side section view of a container closure for a container in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic side section view of a container closure for a container in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic side section view of a container closure for a container in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic side section view of a container closure for a container in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic side section view of a container in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a container of the type schematically illustrated in FIG. 12 .
  • FIGS. 1-11 schematically illustrate molded container closures 10 configured to be attached to a container (not shown) such as by selectively threaded onto and off of a container body (not shown) having a threaded neck finish.
  • the threaded container closure 10 is generally called a flat cap (or even a cap) in the art and is extremely well known as a closure for beverage containing bottles, such as water bottles.
  • FIGS. 1-3 generally illustrate the position of the lithophane image 16 within the top surface 12 of the closure 10
  • FIGS. 4 - 11 further illustrate the additional aspects of the closure 10 and relation of these cap components to the image 16 , also called the lithophane work 16 .
  • the lithophane work 16 and the actual size of the final product, e.g. closure 10 can be adjusted relative to one another so that the lithophane-type work 16 completely occupies the top surface 12 of the cap or closure 10 between an annular shoulder 14 that is used for sealing to the container.
  • the closure 10 includes an injection molded circular top 12 having an annular shoulder 14 and a molded lithophane image 16 on an inner facing surface thereof, wherein the lithophane image 16 is radial inward of the annular shoulder 14 .
  • the image 16 may be molded with the top 12 , such as injection molding, or through compression molding provided the ancillary cap structures permit compression molding, from a thermosetting plastic, as schematically represented in FIG. 4 .
  • the image 16 may be molded separately into the injection (or compression) molded top 12 as described in alternative embodiments below. Any conventional plastic may be used provided that the end color of the top 12 is translucent for viewing the image 16 .
  • the lithophane image 16 has a depth of between about 10/1000 and 90/1000 of an inch, more preferably between about 15/1000 and 45/1000 of an inch. Further as shown the shoulder 14 will, preferably, have a depth equal to or greater than the greatest depth of the lithophane image 14 as shown.
  • the structure or shape of the lithophane image 16 can be formed in any known fashion for forming lithophane type images such as those described in the above cited references or described in U.S. Patent Publication Number 2004-0170807 or international patent application publication number WO/2004/079451 which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • a mold can be made in a conventional fashion.
  • the present invention provides some advantageous cost effective methods for incorporating an image forming die component into a mold.
  • the closure 10 or cap includes an integral skirt 20 depending from the top 12 with threads 22 molded on the interior of the skirt 20 for securing the closure 10 to the container body with associated threaded neck finish.
  • the closure 10 further includes a tamper evident band 24 coupled to the depending skirt 20 at least prior to the initial opening of the container 10 .
  • the tamper evident band 24 is constructed to engage an interference bead on the conventional container neck finish whereby the band will be dislodged from the skirt 20 upon first opening of the container, thereby providing tamper evident features to the user.
  • the construction and operation of the skirt 20 , threads 22 , and tamper evident band 24 are known generally in the art. Further, these components are integral to and molded with the top 12 .
  • a wide variety of tamper evident bands 24 are known in the art, also called TE bands, and the band 24 can take on other know configurations.
  • secure image within the meaning of this application means that the image 16 cannot be viewed until the container has been opened, namely until the closure 10 is removed from the container body. In consumable products this results in that the specific image 16 on an associated closure 10 will not be able to be viewed by the consumer until after purchasing. This allows for the image 16 to be used as a collectable or game piece in marketing campaigns or the like where the image 16 varies from closure 10 to closure 10 of a series.
  • the image 16 may be formed as a separate component 26 that could be compression molded into a translucent plastic closure “blank” set into a recess 28 formed within the annular shoulder 14 , effectively as shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the completed closure 10 would be attached to a container body having a threaded neck finish as known in the art.
  • the component 26 is a separate member, after the compression molding it will be coupled to and essentially integral with the closure 10 , particularly where the same material is used for forming the component 26 and the remainder of the closure 10 (other than the liner 18 ).
  • the liner 18 is often a more pliable, less rigid material.
  • the use of a separate component 26 also allows for a differing material to be used for the image 16 , if desired. Consequently, one material can form the top 12 that is selected primarily for the cap forming features, e.g. high strength and rigidity, with enough translucently to allow for the image 16 .
  • the component 26 can be selected from a material that primarily optimizes the image 16 quality, although the material must be compatible with the closure 10 .
  • the liner 18 is selected from a material that primarily accomplishes the desired seal, while being sufficiently translucent for viewing of the image 16 .
  • the transparent liner 18 may be preformed as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 or molded to conform to the image 16 as shown in FIG. 6 .
  • This conforming of the liner 18 to the image 16 can most easily be accomplished with compression molding, where the material of the liner 18 is much softer than that forming the remainder of the closure 10 .
  • the compression molding of the liner 18 shown in FIG. 6 may be through the application of pressure from a liner die to a blank of liner material for forming the liner 18 .
  • the compression molding of the liner 18 in FIG. 6 may also be used in the embodiment of FIG. 4 where the image 16 is formed “integral” with the top 12 .
  • the compression molding of the liner 18 to the image 16 may have beneficial effects in viewing the image 16 through the elimination of air gaps between the image and the liner that may otherwise effect the viewed image.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates another alternative method for forming the closure 10 where the liner 18 and the image 16 are formed from the same material, namely component 26 .
  • the component 26 is forming the image 16 within the recess 28 and also forming a sealing ring or annular liner 18 .
  • the liner 18 is not over the image 16 .
  • the formation of the image 16 and the liner 18 can be through an appropriate compression molding die.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates another alternative method for forming the closure 10 where the liner 18 is formed as an annular seal that does not overlap the image 16 .
  • This annular liner 18 may be inserted or may be formed with the closure through co-injection molding, or even through a compression molding of an annular liner blank.
  • the annular liner 18 is shown with the component 26 forming the image 16 , but the annular liner 18 configuration could also be used with the integrally molded image of FIG. 4 .
  • FIG. 9 illustrates another alternative method for forming the closure 10 where the liner 18 is replaced with an annular plug seal 32 .
  • the plug seal is a known container closing feature. Other known closure seals may be formed on the shoulder 14 .
  • the plug seal 32 is shown with the component 26 forming the image 26 , but the plug seal 32 configuration could also be used with the integrally molded image 16 of FIG. 4 .
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrate embodiments in which the image 16 is formed on the outside of the top 12 .
  • This configuration can be form the image integrally with the top 12 as shown in FIG. 11 or with a separate component 26 as shown in FIG. 10 .
  • a transparent dust covering layer 34 is added to prevent material from entering the image 16 and obscuring the viewing thereof.
  • the image 16 is not viewable until after the closure 10 is removed from the container as no light can be transmitted through the cap or closure 10 with the closure 10 on the container.
  • This configuration adds a covering layer 34 , although such a covering layer may be optional where the closure 10 has a separate cover such as a protective TE over-wrap or larger dust cover.
  • this embodiment does not limit the size of the image 16 by the sealing features on the shoulder 14 .
  • the image 16 can overlap the shoulder 14 , and associated sealing feature such as liner 18 or plug 32 to some extent. These embodiments are shown with the plug 32 , but can be used with the liner 18 configurations.
  • the image 16 will become a logo or trademark of sorts for the associated user.
  • the image 16 will often vary from closure 10 to closure 10 for a given set of containers, e.g. the images are a collection of athletes from a particular sport, or characters from a particular story.
  • the commercial acceptance of the variable image 16 on a series of consumable containers will depend largely with the ease in which the image 16 can be changed from lot to lot.
  • the image 16 is formed from a separate die and changing the image 16 will not require re-working of the remaining mold components. It is preferred that even in the compression design the image die include an image containing disc inserted into the die such that the entire tooling need not be replaced.
  • a similar replacement disc containing the image 16 (actually the reverse there of as known in the molding art) should be used.
  • this disc is formed from a highly thermally conductive material, with “highly thermally conductive” meaning at least 2-3 times the thermal conductivity of stainless steel. Barrilium Copper is one example, see Ampcoloy® brand alloy.
  • the high thermal conductivity is helpful as the presence of the disc within an injection mold will require that the cooling water channels be spaced farther from the operating surface of the disc than if the image portions of the mold were an integral component of the mold.
  • closure 10 design and the associated molding techniques will allow the efficient economic use of distinct images 16 in a line of consumable containers using the closures 10 .
  • the containers using the closures 10 are identified as consumable in that they are effectively destroyed after use by the consumer, as even recycling of the container will destroy the specific container.
  • the tamper evident band may be replaced with a TE shrink wrap or sleeve around the container and the closure 10 .
  • This is a known alternative tamper evident structure.
  • the present invention is not limited to applications on a flat cap as shown in closures 10 .
  • FIGS. 12 and 13 illustrate a container 130 having an injection molded container body 132 coupled to a closure or lid 134 through a hinge 136 .
  • the lid 134 includes an image 116 molded on an inner surface there of.
  • a latch 138 and receiver 140 closes the container 130 .
  • Shoulder 142 is positioned to receive/support a separate liner 144 .
  • the liner 144 is opaque which further assures that the image cannot be viewed without opening of the container 130 .
  • the container 130 may have a tamper evident feature, such as a shrink wrap, or the like. In the medical or drug dispensing fields, the image 116 may be used to minimize counterfeiting.
  • the image 116 may be changed from lot to lot as desired by the manufacturer and counterfeiters will not have access to the specific packaging until it hits the store shelves for consumers adding delay for those attempting to knock the products off. Further, the present invention allows for the economic, rapid change of the image to keep the counterfeiters constantly behind.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
US11/684,879 2003-02-27 2007-03-12 Container and container closure with secure molded three dimensional image Abandoned US20070199913A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/684,879 US20070199913A1 (en) 2003-02-27 2007-03-12 Container and container closure with secure molded three dimensional image
PCT/US2007/079548 WO2008039847A2 (fr) 2006-09-26 2007-09-26 Récipient et fermeture de récipient à image tridimensionnelle moulée dissimulée

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/375,233 US20040170807A1 (en) 2003-02-27 2003-02-27 Method for digitally creating lithephane-type images
PCT/US2003/037994 WO2004079451A2 (fr) 2003-02-27 2003-11-26 Procede de creation numerique d'images de type lithophane
US82705106P 2006-09-26 2006-09-26
US11/684,879 US20070199913A1 (en) 2003-02-27 2007-03-12 Container and container closure with secure molded three dimensional image

Related Parent Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/375,233 Continuation-In-Part US20040170807A1 (en) 2003-02-27 2003-02-27 Method for digitally creating lithephane-type images
PCT/US2003/037994 Continuation-In-Part WO2004079451A2 (fr) 2003-02-27 2003-11-26 Procede de creation numerique d'images de type lithophane
US10/584,678 Continuation-In-Part US20070267121A1 (en) 2003-02-27 2003-11-26 Method for Digitally Creating Lithephane-Type Images

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20070199913A1 true US20070199913A1 (en) 2007-08-30

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/684,879 Abandoned US20070199913A1 (en) 2003-02-27 2007-03-12 Container and container closure with secure molded three dimensional image

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US20070199913A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008039847A2 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8516724B2 (en) 2010-05-13 2013-08-27 Nike, Inc. Device for displaying image on apparel
WO2015101649A1 (fr) * 2013-12-31 2015-07-09 Societe Anonyme Des Eaux Minerales D'evian Capuchon pour fermer le fini de col d'un récipient et procédé pour fabriquer ledit capuchon
DE102014100588A1 (de) * 2014-01-20 2015-07-23 Bericap Gmbh & Co. Kg Kunststoffverschluss mit Garantieoberfläche
JP2019100830A (ja) * 2017-11-30 2019-06-24 株式会社吉野工業所 計量キャップ
JP2021037991A (ja) * 2019-09-03 2021-03-11 大和製罐株式会社 キャップ及び容器
CN114599828A (zh) * 2019-10-28 2022-06-07 花王株式会社 纤维堆积体的制造方法、膜的制造方法及膜的附着方法

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US3339774A (en) * 1964-07-31 1967-09-05 Chemical Products Corp Plastic sealing liner having a transparent central portion
US3547746A (en) * 1967-07-27 1970-12-15 Stanley Works Molded embossed sealing liner having indicia
US3633781A (en) * 1968-12-16 1972-01-11 Lapata Ind Inc Crown-type closure with double removable liner unit enclosing trapped indicia
US4165009A (en) * 1978-01-12 1979-08-21 Japan Crown Cork Co., Ltd. Bottle closure for sales promotion
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US4835035A (en) * 1987-01-12 1989-05-30 Anchor Hocking Corporation Thermoset polymer coating with organopolysiloxane for closure assembly
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DE102014100588A1 (de) * 2014-01-20 2015-07-23 Bericap Gmbh & Co. Kg Kunststoffverschluss mit Garantieoberfläche
JP2019100830A (ja) * 2017-11-30 2019-06-24 株式会社吉野工業所 計量キャップ
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JP7309526B2 (ja) 2019-09-03 2023-07-18 大和製罐株式会社 キャップ及び容器
CN114599828A (zh) * 2019-10-28 2022-06-07 花王株式会社 纤维堆积体的制造方法、膜的制造方法及膜的附着方法
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