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US20060289022A1 - Tobacco smoke filter - Google Patents

Tobacco smoke filter Download PDF

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Publication number
US20060289022A1
US20060289022A1 US10/570,583 US57058306A US2006289022A1 US 20060289022 A1 US20060289022 A1 US 20060289022A1 US 57058306 A US57058306 A US 57058306A US 2006289022 A1 US2006289022 A1 US 2006289022A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
filter
copper
zinc
tobacco smoke
recited
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/570,583
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English (en)
Inventor
Carl-Gustaf Backman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RESYS AB
Original Assignee
RESYS AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from SE0302349A external-priority patent/SE0302349D0/xx
Application filed by RESYS AB filed Critical RESYS AB
Priority to US10/570,583 priority Critical patent/US20060289022A1/en
Publication of US20060289022A1 publication Critical patent/US20060289022A1/en
Assigned to RESYS AB reassignment RESYS AB ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BACKMAN, CARL GUSTAF
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/04—Tobacco smoke filters characterised by their shape or structure
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/16—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of inorganic materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tobacco smoke filter for use with smokable devices, such as cigarettes.
  • the tobacco smoke filter comprises a metal granulate including zinc or copper, preferably a granulate of a copper-zinc alloy.
  • Smoking constitutes another, albeit self-imposed, air pollution risk.
  • the 88 chemical agents listed as carcinogens at least 9 have been reported to occur in mainstream cigarette smoke as part of the tar or residue component which include metals such as cadmium, nickel, chromium, beryllium and arsenic.
  • the other agents include toxic organic substances such as benzene, vinyl chloride, 2-napthyl-amine, and 4-aminobiphenyl.
  • a different relative risk of lung cancer between smokers using filter and plain cigarettes has been indicated; the risk appears to be 36% lower in filter than in plain cigarette smokers. As filter cigarettes reduce the level of tar consumed by smokers, a relation between the level of tar consumed and risk of cancer is anticipated.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,409,021 to Safaev et al. proposes a cigarette filter including a cellulose fiber member, an acetate fiber member, and further comprising lignin as an adsorbing substance.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,746,231 to Lesser et al. teaches a tobacco smoke filter comprising a porous substrate having a humectant, such as sodium pyroglutamate or a copper-containin porphyrin, dispersed therein to absorb moisture from the tobacco smoke, thereby wet-filtering the tobacco smoke.
  • a humectant such as sodium pyroglutamate or a copper-containin porphyrin
  • a metal granulate of copper, zinc, or a copper-zinc alloy may function as an effective filtering agent for removing hazardous content from tobacco smoke. More specifically, we have found that such a copper-zinc alloy is able to effectively bind a large number of substances classified as carcinogens or toxic agents. These include metals such as silver, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, mercury, manganese, nickel, vanadium, zinc, and especially lead. In tobacco products such as cigarettes, for example, RAM has been found to reduce the heavy metal content in cigarette tar by 50-70 % after use.
  • the invention therefore relates to a tobacco smoke filter, for use in a smokable device comprising a body of tobacco, wherein said tobacco smoke filter comprises a metal granulate including zinc, copper, or a copper-zinc alloy.
  • the tobacco smoke filter comprises a fibrous filter.
  • one end of said fibrous filter defines an inhalation end
  • said metal granulate is disposed adjacent to an end of said fibrous filter opposite said inhalation end
  • said metal granulate is dispersed in said fibrous filter.
  • said metal granulate is dispersed in a portion of said fibrous filter.
  • said metal granulate is disposed between a first fibrous filter portion of said fibrous filter, and a second portion of said fibrous filter.
  • said metal granulate comprises particles of zinc, copper, or a copper-zinc alloy, in a particle size range of 0.05-3 mm.
  • said metal granulate comprises particles of zinc, copper, or a copper-zinc alloy, in a particle size range of 0.1-2 mm.
  • said metal granulate is included with a mass in the range of 0.1-1 g.
  • said metal granulate is redox alloy media (RAM).
  • the invention relates to a smokable device comprising a body of tobacco, wherein a tobacco smoke filter comprising a metal granulate including zinc, copper, or a copper-zinc alloy, according to any of the preceding claims 1 - 9 , is affixed to said body of tobacco.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show the experimental set-up of filter tests performed on cigarettes, without and with a copper-zinc filter substance
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a cigarette with a filter
  • FIGS. 4-7 illustrates different embodiments of implementation of a tobacco smoke filter according to the invention.
  • a fluid treating method for reducing hardness in water by incorporating a bed of finely divided metal particulate matter comprising copper and/or zinc, or an alloy of copper and zinc.
  • the metal particulate matter possesses a reduction-oxidation (redox) potential which, relative to the redox potential of the undesirable constituents, favours spontaneous oxidation-reduction reactions between the metal and the undesirable constituents, which include bacteria.
  • redox reduction-oxidation
  • a filter medium known as “redox alloy medium (RAM)” is a high purity copper-zinc alloy, which has been employed in water purification.
  • RAM redox alloy medium
  • Such a RAM substance is available in different forms under the trademark KDF® from KDF Fluid Treatment Inc., to whom the aforementioned two patents are assigned.
  • Oxidation-reduction reactions using RAM allow removal of dissolved gases such as chlorine, hydrogen sulphide, methane from contaminated water.
  • the same or related redox reactions in RAM also allow removal of soluble heavy metals, and prevention of hardness scale accumulation.
  • RAM is commonly been used in conjunction with other filtration media. Additionally, RAM is reported to eliminate or reduce the level of microorganisms when redox reactions occurring produce a significant potential shift, which disrupt cellular membranes resulting in microbial death.
  • hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide produced for example, during the oxidation of ferrous iron to ferric iron, are toxic to microorganisms.
  • the invention therefore relates to a tobacco smoke filter, comprising a metal particulate or granulate matter comprising copper or zinc, and preferably a copper-zinc alloy, such as a redox alloy media (RAM).
  • a metal particulate or granulate matter comprising copper or zinc, and preferably a copper-zinc alloy, such as a redox alloy media (RAM).
  • RAM redox alloy media
  • a RAM alloy is provided in particulate or granulate form and may have varying mesh size, from about 4 to about 400 mesh, based on US Standard screen sizes. A distribution of mesh size is anticipated to be present in the alloy granulate.
  • the metal particulate matter comprising the alloy may be supplied as a free granulate, or in other alternate forms such as in aggregate porous bodies made by adhering the particulate matter onto porous bodies of any shape, formed by techniques such as sintering or alternative processes wherein binders are utilized.
  • the ratio by weight of copper:zinc in the alloy may be about 25:75, about 50:50, about 40:60, about 25:75, or in a range there between, when used as described in this application.
  • the particle size of the alloy is in the range of 0.05-3 mm, preferably in the range of 0.1-2 mm, with an apparent density in the range of 2-3 g/cm 3 .
  • the alloy is capable of binding/adsorbing/removing pollutants from air.
  • the tobacco smoke filter is capable of binding metals such as silver, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, mercury, manganese, nickel, vanadium, zinc, and especially lead.
  • the zinc in the alloy is more reactive than copper and more electropositive.
  • alloy component multitudes of granular high-purity bimetallic couples with copper as the permanent cathode and zinc as the sacrificial anode may be found.
  • the metals are given a value of ⁇ 0.76 volts and copper +0.36 volts. The net result is 1.12 volt difference with zinc as the electric donor.
  • a number of elemental metals and metallic alloys will provide the redox potential.
  • reaction with a heavy metal, for example, lead (Pb)
  • a heavy metal for example, lead (Pb)
  • One embodiment of the invention relates to a tobacco smoke filter including RAM, which removes pollutants through oxidation-reduction reactions between the RAM component and the pollutants found in the air which require removal, for example, cigarette tar or heavy metal pollutants, said reaction resulting in the deposition of the pollutants on the filter surface.
  • the filter may then be regenerated by melting the alloy down, reshaping to the desired form and reusing.
  • the filter is supplied with water (heated or unheated) before or during use.
  • the water may e.g. be supplied by means of spraying, condensation, or dripping, and it may be supplied prior to use of the filter, continuously during use of the filter, or intermittently during use of the filter at certain intervals.
  • An air cleaning device comprising a copper-zinc alloy may be used for all kinds of air cleaning when the pollutants as mentioned before are to be removed from air or other gases.
  • the invention involves using a filter comprising a granulate form of copper, zinc, or a copper-zinc alloy, for removing filtering tobacco smoke.
  • a filter may be used with a wall-mounted or ceiling-mounted vent, for filtering air passing from a smoke-contained area, such as a room, a smoking compartment, or a freestanding smoking cage.
  • a smoke-contained area such as a room, a smoking compartment, or a freestanding smoking cage.
  • an under pressure is applied to the vent, such that air and smoke in the smoke-contained area is sucked out and forced to pass the filter.
  • Using such a type of filter in an air cleaning device for filtering air from a smoke-contained will therefore also be efficient for removing such undesired substances from the vented air, which thereby reduces the risk for vented air to carry those substances to places where other people may be exposed.
  • the air cleaning device can remove specific heavy metals, such as silver, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, mercury, manganese, nickel, vanadium, zinc, and especially lead. Some of these, especially the heavy metals, are known or suspected to be carcinogens.
  • the filter both reduces the general tar level as well as removes metals known or suspected to be carcinogens.
  • the invention relates in general to a tobacco smoke filter including a granulate form of copper and/or zinc, or a copper-zinc alloy.
  • a tobacco smoke filter including a granulate form of copper and/or zinc, or a copper-zinc alloy.
  • Such a filter may e.g. be used as an air cleaning device for use in a ventilation system.
  • the invention relates to a tobacco smoke filter comprising a granulate form of copper, zinc, or a copper-zinc alloy, placed between tobacco and an inhalation end of a tobacco product.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a smoking device in the form of a cigarette 30 , including a tobacco-filled portion 31 , preferably wrapped in paper, and a fibrous filter 32 attached at one end of the tobacco-filled portion 20 , likewise preferably wrapped in paper.
  • An outer end of filter 32 opposite portion 20 , defines an inhalation end of the smoking device 30 .
  • the fibrous filter 32 may comprise a cellulose fiber, an acetate fiber, or a combination thereof.
  • the actual characteristics of the fibrous content of filter 32 is not essential for the invention, and several types of such fibrous filters are known in the art. According to this embodiment, the capability of removing tar and heavy metals from tobacco smoke is provided by means of incorporating a metal filter substance comprising a granulate form of copper and/or zinc, or a copper-zinc alloy.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates one specific embodiment of a tobacco smoke filter 40 , comprising a first filter portion 41 at an inhalation end, i.e. the lower end in the drawing, comprising a fibrous substance, such as cellulose or acetate.
  • the tobacco smoke filter 40 further comprises a second filter portion 42 including a metal granulate comprising copper, zinc, or an alloy of copper and zinc.
  • the second filter portion 42 is located between the first filter portion 41 and a tobacco portion, positioned over second filter portion 42 , such as in FIG. 3 .
  • the metal granulate may be disposed freely between the tobacco and the fibrous filter. Alternatively, the metal granulate may be supported on a fiber carrier or in a porous carrier body.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an alternative embodiment of a tobacco smoke filter 50 .
  • a filter 50 comprising a fibrous substance has a first filter portion 51 disposed at an inhalation end, and a second filter portion 52 disposed towards a tobacco-facing end of filter 50 .
  • the second filter portion of the fibrous substance includes a metal granulate comprising copper, zinc, or an alloy of copper and zinc, dispersed within the fibrous substance.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates yet another embodiment, which is a variant of the embodiment of FIG. 5 .
  • the metal granulate is dispersed within substantially the entire fibrous filter 60 .
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment of a tobacco product filter 70 , having a first fibrous substance filter portion 71 disposed at an inhalation end, and a second fibrous substance filter portion 72 disposed at its opposite, tobacco-facing, end.
  • Said first 71 and second 72 fibrous substance filter portions may be of equal or different compositions, e.g. selected from cellulose or acetate.
  • a third portion 73 of filter 70 is disposed between said first 71 and second 72 filter portions, and includes a metal granulate comprising copper, zinc, or an alloy of copper and zinc. Said metal granulate may be dispersed within a fibrous substance, or be freely disposed between the first 71 and second 72 filter portions.
  • the metal granulate comprising copper, zinc, or an alloy of copper and zinc is preferably included in a mass range of 0.1-1 g.
  • a metal granulate filter according to the invention When smoke from a cigarette such provided with a metal granulate filter according to the invention is inhaled, contaminants such as silver, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, mercury, manganese, nickel, vanadium, zinc, and especially lead, will bind to the RAM alloy and not be inhaled.
  • the filter comprising a granulate form of copper, zinc, or a copper-zinc alloy does not appear to reduce the nicotine level nor influence the function of suction from cigarettes. Therefore, the filter will not lead to increased smoking compared to cigarettes not provided with the inventive filter.
  • the tobacco smoke filter according to the invention need not necessarily be fixed to a body of tobacco, as illustrated in FIG. 3 .
  • the tobacco smoke filter may likewise be confined, or be devised to be placed, in a separate filter sleeve arranged to be applied to a smoking device, such as a filter cigarette, filter free cigarette, or a pipe.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 The experimental setup is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 .
  • Cigarettes 1 were smoked using a plastic tube 4 connected to the cigarettes 1 through a sleeve 2 .
  • a common filter only (in cigarette 1 ) was used as a control, as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • a test setup furthermore comprised a copper-zinc alloy (RAM) filter 5 .
  • the smoke was guided through the common filter of the cigarette and, when included, the RAM filter 5 , and further through a test filter 4 .
  • Test filter 4 was weighed before and after smoking. The approximate amount of tar was calculated by the difference of filter weight before and after smoking. The results showed that the amount of tar inhaled from smoking one cigarette was reduced by 45%, when using a RAM filter with a granulate of a copper-zinc alloy.
  • a RAM filter of 0.5 g was used.
  • the tests have been made with a cigarette which is stated to contain 1 mg of tar, according to the cigarette box. Still, the tests that have been made show that the test filter increases in weight with between 3 and 5 mg after smoking, which shows a considerable absorption of tar due to the inclusion of the RAM filter. Weighing has been performed after a couple of hours, to ensure that absorbed water has properly evaporated in order not to add to the mass of the test filter.
  • RAM filter has also proven to remove heavy metal from tobacco smoke.
  • a comparison of the amount of heavy metal present in a smoked and an unsmoked RAM filter is given in Table 1 below.
  • Table 1 Metals Smoked RAM (mg/kg*) RAM (mg/kg) Silver (Ag) ⁇ 9 ⁇ 9 Cadmium (Cd) ⁇ 0.3 ⁇ 0.3 Cobalt (Co) ⁇ 0.3 ⁇ 0.3 Chromium (Cr) ⁇ 0.6 ⁇ 0.6 Mercury (Hg) ⁇ 3 ⁇ 3 Manganese (Mn) ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1 Nickel (Ni) 16.1 26.6 Lead (Pb) 51.5 ⁇ 3 Vanadium (V) ⁇ 0.3 ⁇ 0.3 (*i.e., mg (heavy metal)/kg (filter membrane))

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
US10/570,583 2003-09-03 2004-09-03 Tobacco smoke filter Abandoned US20060289022A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/570,583 US20060289022A1 (en) 2003-09-03 2004-09-03 Tobacco smoke filter

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US48132403P 2003-09-03 2003-09-03
SE0302349-6 2003-09-03
SE0302349A SE0302349D0 (sv) 2003-09-03 2003-09-03 Air cleaning device
PCT/SE2004/001276 WO2005020723A1 (fr) 2003-09-03 2004-09-03 Filtre pour la fumée du tabac
US10/570,583 US20060289022A1 (en) 2003-09-03 2004-09-03 Tobacco smoke filter

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20060289022A1 true US20060289022A1 (en) 2006-12-28

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/570,583 Abandoned US20060289022A1 (en) 2003-09-03 2004-09-03 Tobacco smoke filter

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20060289022A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1711077A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2007503829A (fr)
WO (1) WO2005020723A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10028528B2 (en) 2015-06-01 2018-07-24 Antonino M. Pero Exhalation smoke filter mask

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT202000001870A1 (it) 2020-01-31 2021-07-31 Gd Spa Unità e metodo di controllo di un gruppo di articoli da fumo

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3560697A (en) * 1967-08-09 1971-02-02 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp Adding spark-comminuted zinc to tobacco-smoke filters
US3664352A (en) * 1970-07-27 1972-05-23 Liggett & Myers Inc Tobacco smoke filter
US4350173A (en) * 1978-11-30 1982-09-21 Siren Matti J Filter material
US5135654A (en) * 1984-04-30 1992-08-04 Kdf Fluid Treatment, Inc. Method for treating fluids
US5759400A (en) * 1993-09-03 1998-06-02 Advance Waste Reduction Reticulated foam structured fluid treatment element
US20050247637A1 (en) * 2004-05-06 2005-11-10 Sher Alexander A Water treatment method in high cycle dispensing systems for scale control
US7112280B2 (en) * 2002-08-12 2006-09-26 3M Innovative Properties Company Gas porous polymer filter and methods of use
US20070215166A1 (en) * 2004-05-28 2007-09-20 Branton Peter J Smoking Articles and Smoking Materials
US20070246054A1 (en) * 2006-01-17 2007-10-25 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Cigarette components having encapsulated catalyst particles and methods of making and use thereof

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1211978B (de) * 1963-05-10 1966-03-03 Reemtsma H F & Ph Tabakrauchfilter

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3560697A (en) * 1967-08-09 1971-02-02 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp Adding spark-comminuted zinc to tobacco-smoke filters
US3664352A (en) * 1970-07-27 1972-05-23 Liggett & Myers Inc Tobacco smoke filter
US4350173A (en) * 1978-11-30 1982-09-21 Siren Matti J Filter material
US5135654A (en) * 1984-04-30 1992-08-04 Kdf Fluid Treatment, Inc. Method for treating fluids
US5759400A (en) * 1993-09-03 1998-06-02 Advance Waste Reduction Reticulated foam structured fluid treatment element
US7112280B2 (en) * 2002-08-12 2006-09-26 3M Innovative Properties Company Gas porous polymer filter and methods of use
US20050247637A1 (en) * 2004-05-06 2005-11-10 Sher Alexander A Water treatment method in high cycle dispensing systems for scale control
US20070215166A1 (en) * 2004-05-28 2007-09-20 Branton Peter J Smoking Articles and Smoking Materials
US20070246054A1 (en) * 2006-01-17 2007-10-25 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Cigarette components having encapsulated catalyst particles and methods of making and use thereof

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10028528B2 (en) 2015-06-01 2018-07-24 Antonino M. Pero Exhalation smoke filter mask

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2007503829A (ja) 2007-03-01
EP1711077A1 (fr) 2006-10-18
WO2005020723A1 (fr) 2005-03-10

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: RESYS AB, SWEDEN

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BACKMAN, CARL GUSTAF;REEL/FRAME:018780/0441

Effective date: 20061220

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION