[go: up one dir, main page]

US20060076229A1 - Magnetic activated carbon and the removal of contaminants from a fluid streams - Google Patents

Magnetic activated carbon and the removal of contaminants from a fluid streams Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20060076229A1
US20060076229A1 US10/541,847 US54184705A US2006076229A1 US 20060076229 A1 US20060076229 A1 US 20060076229A1 US 54184705 A US54184705 A US 54184705A US 2006076229 A1 US2006076229 A1 US 2006076229A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
activated carbon
composite
photocatalyst
magnetic material
less
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/541,847
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
David Mazyck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Engineering Performance Solutions LLC
Original Assignee
Engineering Performance Solutions LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Engineering Performance Solutions LLC filed Critical Engineering Performance Solutions LLC
Priority to US10/541,847 priority Critical patent/US20060076229A1/en
Assigned to ENGINEERING PERFORMANCE SOLUTIONS, LLC reassignment ENGINEERING PERFORMANCE SOLUTIONS, LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MAZYCK, DAVID W.
Publication of US20060076229A1 publication Critical patent/US20060076229A1/en
Priority to US12/049,814 priority patent/US7879136B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28002—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J20/28009—Magnetic properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/06—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with moving adsorbents, e.g. rotating beds
    • B01D53/10—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with moving adsorbents, e.g. rotating beds with dispersed adsorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/32—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8665—Removing heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/102—Carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/80—Type of catalytic reaction
    • B01D2255/802—Photocatalytic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/60—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/60—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • B01D2257/602—Mercury or mercury compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
    • B01J21/18—Carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/74—Iron group metals
    • B01J23/745—Iron
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J35/33—Electric or magnetic properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J35/39—Photocatalytic properties
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S95/00—Gas separation: processes
    • Y10S95/90—Solid sorbent
    • Y10S95/901—Activated carbon

Definitions

  • This invention is directed to activated carbon for purifying flue gas, which can be separated magnetically from fly ash and, more specifically, magnetic powdered activated carbon (MPAC) having an enhanced affinity for flue gas constituents such as Hg, the iron on the surface of the carbon catalyzing the oxidation of elemental Hg.
  • MPAC magnetic powdered activated carbon
  • the present invention also relates to further enhancing Hg capture by using a photocatalyst (e.g., TiO 2 , ZnO, SnO 2 ) that may be added to the carbon's surface which when irradiated with UV light creates hydroxyl radicals.
  • a photocatalyst e.g., TiO 2 , ZnO, SnO 2
  • the hydroxyl radicals oxidize elemental Hg which adsorbs more readily than elemental Hg.
  • HAPs hazardous air pollutants
  • elemental mercury and mercury containing compounds have recently been highlighted as significant due to their increasing rate of release, and the lack of adequate control technologies.
  • the resulting quantity in the environment is usually low, it can transfer to various organisms, and then magnify up the food chain.
  • concentration of accumulated mercury in some fish can reach levels that are millions of times greater than that in the water.
  • the consumption of such fish by humans, and the resulting buildup of mercury in various tissues may lead to serious neurological and developmental effects such as losses of sensory or cognitive ability, tremors, inability to walk, convulsions, and even death.
  • Methylmercury the most common form of organic mercury, is almost completely incorporated into the blood stream, and can be transferred through the placenta and into all of the tissues of the fetus, including that of the brain. Because of the health concerns related to eating mercury contaminated fish, bans on fishing in certain regions such as in the Great Lakes have resulted in considerable losses to the economy.
  • a method for removing a contaminant or contaminants from a fluid stream includes contacting the fluid stream with a composite of activated carbon and a magnetic material whereby the contaminant is adsorbed on the magnetized activated carbon, and removing the magnetized activated carbon having the mercury adsorbed thereon from the fluid stream.
  • the contaminant is mercury
  • the composite preferably further comprises titania.
  • the method of the present invention preferably includes further the step of recycling the magnetized activated carbon removed from the fluid stream back into contact with the fluid stream, the fluid stream preferably being flue gas from a combustion plant, more preferably, a coal combustion plant or a waste combustion plant, wherein the activated carbon is preferably injected into the fluid stream.
  • the present invention also includes a composite of activated carbon and a magnetic material.
  • the composite preferably further includes a photocatalyst.
  • the activated carbon is preferably powdered activated carbon
  • the magnetic material is preferably either magnetite, maghemite, hematite or goethite
  • FIG. 1 represents a schematic summarizing the steps of injecting, capturing, and recycling the MPAC in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 2 represents a schematic of the test stand that was used to collect the data herein in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 3 represents a breakthrough curve highlighting several activated carbon magnetic composites and their performance for capturing Hg from flue gas in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 4 represents a comparison of several activated carbon magnetic composites manufactured from different activated carbon precursors in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 represents a breakthrough curve highlighting the effect of TiO 2 addition to the magnetic composites for capturing Hg from flue gas in accordance with the present invention.
  • MPAC engineering magnetic PAC
  • the magnetic PAC particles after cycling through the flue gas, can be collected, for example, by a magnetic drum before it accumulates with other particulate matter. Not only will this allow for separation of the MPAC and hence use of the fly ash for concrete production, it will also provide a method by which the MPAC composite can be recycled. Because of the short contact time between the flue gas and the carbon particle (mere seconds), only a fraction of the carbon's surface is actually utilized in removing mercury.
  • the sorbed Hg could be recovered thermally or chemically by conventional technologies, as would be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the MPAC composite in itself will promote conservation of resources and a significant reduction in expenditures.
  • the MPAC is coated with titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) which provides for even greater Hg capture.
  • TiO 2 titanium dioxide
  • Hydroxyl radicals which are very powerful oxidants, can be generated on the surface of TiO 2 under UV radiation which enhances mercury uptake by oxidizing elemental Hg.
  • oxidized Hg e.g., HgO
  • HgO serves as sorption sites for elemental Hg. Therefore, oxidation of elemental mercury in accordance with the present invention and with titania and UV increases the mercury uptake over the reinjection cycles.
  • UV lamps near about 365 nm would be required.
  • hydroxyl radicals are suitably provided on the surface of the photocatalyst by exposing the photocatalyst to excitation energy in the form of, for example, UV radiation or electrostatic energy.
  • UV radiation includes invisible radiation wavelengths from about 4 nanometers, on the border of the x-ray region, to about 380 nanometers, just beyond the violet in the visible spectrum.
  • activated carbon/iron composites are prepared by dispersing iron salts in deionized water already containing a slurry of powdered activated carbon. When followed by NaOH addition, chemical precipitation occurs implanting the iron on to and in the pores of the activated carbon.
  • a combination of salts are used to prepare the composite in accordance with the invention.
  • the use of one iron salt is within the scope of the invention.
  • the iron salts are preferably a combination of FeCl 3 (ferric chloride) and FeSO 4 (ferric sulfate) because they are inexpensive, and can be added in various ratios (i.e., about 1:99 to about 99:1) to achieve the desired magnetic species (e.g., magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ), maghemite ( ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 ), hematite ( ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 ), and goethite ( ⁇ -FeO(OH))). (Unless otherwise noted, all ratios expressed herein are weight ratios.) Other iron salts and magnetic species suitable for use in the present invention will be apparent to one skilled in the art.
  • the weight ratio of chloride salt to sulfate salt is greater than about 1:1, most preferably about a 2:1 ratio of FeCl 3 to FeSO 4 .
  • a ratio of chloride salt to sulfate salt of greater than about 3:1 may be desired, as would be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, such as when one desires to increase the chloride loading on the carbon surface since chloride is known to chemically bond mercury.
  • activated carbon may be added by adjusting its weight in order to obtain activated carbon/iron oxide weight ratios of preferably less than about 5:1, more preferably less than about 4:1, even more preferably less than about 3:1, and most preferably an activated carbon/iron oxide weight ratio of about 1:1.
  • a composite in accordance with the present invention may be suitably prepared by the addition in solution of FeCl 3 , FeSO 4 and activated carbon. The carbon and iron solution may then be mechanically mixed, and then NaOH added dropwise to increase pH to a level whereby the iron oxides precipitated. The material may then be dried.
  • Titania and other photocatalysts are well known for creating hydroxyl radicals (OH) when irradiated with UV light. These OH radicals are strong oxidizing species that can oxidize organic and inorganic compounds. Although this is well known, there is no evidence currently available that describes the benefits of adding titania to a magnetic carbon composite.
  • the titania available as titania precursors (e.g., titania iso prop oxide) or nano-sized titania (e.g., P-25 by Degussa)) or other photocatalyst may be added to the magnetic carbon composite in accordance with the present invention via boil deposition, hydrolysis, mechanofusion, or sol gel methods.
  • the activated carbon may be mixed with the titania while the water is driven off through evaporation.
  • a 1% titania weight loading (based upon the total weight of the titania and activated carbon)
  • about 100 mg of activated carbon may be mixed with about 1% by weight titania.
  • the titania loading is less than about 10% by weight, more preferably less than about 7% by weight, and most preferably less than about 5% by weight, based upon the total weight of the titania and MPAC, to avoid blocking adsorption sites.
  • the present invention is described in connection with the removal of mercury from flue gas, the present invention is not limited to the removal of mercury from flue gas and may be used to remove other materials, specifically, contaminants such as, for example, sulfur and nitrogen containing compounds, VOCs (volatile organic compounds), and SOCs (synthetic organic chemicals) as defined by the Environmental Protection Agency, can be removed from fluid streams by the process in accordance with the present invention.
  • contaminants such as, for example, sulfur and nitrogen containing compounds, VOCs (volatile organic compounds), and SOCs (synthetic organic chemicals) as defined by the Environmental Protection Agency
  • VOCs volatile organic compounds
  • SOCs synthetic organic chemicals
  • composite as used herein, is meant a complex material or a composition of material in which the activated carbon and magnetic material combine to produce a material with properties that are not present in either the activated carbon or magnetic material alone. While not wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that there may be come chemical or physical bonds such as, for example, Van der Waals forces, that bond the activated carbon and magnetic material.
  • activated carbon as used herein, is meant powdered or granular carbon used for purifying by adsorption.
  • PAC or “powdered activated carbon” is meant activated carbon 90% of which passes through a 325-mesh sieve (45 ⁇ m).
  • FIG. 1 there is shown schematically a coal fired plant operated in accordance with the present invention. Indeed, every coal-fired power plant is different, with this difference primarily depending upon the plant's capacity rating. In, for example, a coal-fired power plant (approximately 300 MW), with flue gas temperatures around 270° F.
  • the magnetic PAC particles 10 instead of PAC, are injected into the flue gas 20 at a rate of about 10 lb/hr to about 100 lb/hr, which depends upon the flue gas composition and temperature as well as the effluent mercury target, just upstream of the existing air pollution control device (APCD) 30 .
  • the injection of the MPAC includes forcing the MPAC into the flue duct via a dilute phase pneumatic injection system, like those used in municipal solid waste facilities.
  • the commingled fly ash and MPAC exit the APCD (e.g., through an electrostatic precipitator, bag house) and collect on to a conveyor belt 40 , which transports the mixture to the next processing station.
  • the magnetic particles are collected, for example, on an electromagnetic drum 50 similar to those used conventionally in coal processing/washing plants where they are used to collect magnetite that is added to the coal processing water to modify the water's density.
  • MPAC can be scraped from the drum using a blade towards a hopper whereby it can be recycled for reinjection, disposed, or processed to recover the sorbed mercury.
  • the production of a 1:1 composite sample would be made through the addition of 6 g of FeCl 3 , 3 g of FeSO 4 , and 9 g of activated carbon.
  • the carbon and iron solutions are then mechanically mixed for at least 30 minutes.
  • approximately 50 mL or thereabouts of NaOH (ca. 5 mol/L) is added drop wise to increase the pH to approximately 10, which precipitated the iron oxides.
  • the sample is oven dried at 105° C. for 12 hours to decrease the total moisture content to less than 3%.
  • the sample is then transferred to a desiccator and permitted to cool to room temperature.
  • a 1:1 composite sample of activated carbon/iron composite prepared in accordance with Example 1 is added 1% by weight of titania (i.e., 1 mg) in accordance with the following procedure.
  • 100 g of the 1:1 activated carbon/iron composite is added to 250 mL of deionized water and mechanically mixed for 60 s to disperse the composite in the fluid.
  • 1 g of Degussa P-25 TiO 2 is added and the suspension is continually stirred. After another 60 s, a hot plate is turned on to increase the temperature of the solution to 150° C. and this temperature is maintained until the majority of the water is evaporated.
  • the sample is transferred to a 105° C. gravity drying oven for 24 hours. The sample is then transferred to a desiccator and permitted to cool to room temperature.
  • FIG. 2 Bench-scale studies were performed in the apparatus shown in FIG. 2 , which consisted of a small column reactor whereby high grade nitrogen gas from reservoir 100 was passed through an elemental mercury reservoir 110 to create a mercury vapor laden air with less than 45 ppb of Hg.
  • the mercury vapor was joined with a heated water vapor line (70% RH, 275° F.) from H 2 O bubbler 120 and the combination was flowed downward through the packed bed glass column from the top to minimize channeling or selective flow through the column.
  • Table 1 The parameters of the column are summarized in Table 1 below.
  • FIG. 3 demonstrates that a synergy exists when iron is loaded on to the carbon, for the 1:1 iron loaded carbon never experienced breakthrough (i.e., the effluent elemental Hg concentration never surpassed zero).
  • the phenomena can be explained as the iron oxidizing the elemental Hg to its oxidized form (e.g., HgO), which not only sorbs better to activated carbon, but also serves as a sorbent for elemental Hg. (The 1:1 data was replicated seven times.)
  • the 2:1 carbon performed about the same as the virgin carbon.
  • the BET surface areas for the carbon/iron composites were just discussed, and even though iron addition to the carbons severely decreased the carbons' surface area, performance for the 2:1 and 1:1 composites were equal to or better than the virgin carbon, respectively.
  • the 1:1 composite had slightly more surface area than the 2:1 because the iron itself contributes to the total surface area of the composite, and there is more iron present with the 1:1 composite compared to the 2:1 sample.
  • Table 2 below also lists the magnetic strengths for the composites. As the magnetic strength increases, the ease at which the composites are separated also increases. As shown, the virgin carbon was not magnetic at all. The composites followed the trend whereby the 1:1 carbon was the most magnetic (i.e., 109 milligauss) followed by the 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, and then the 5:1.
  • Suitable activated carbon for use in the present invention is available commercially and FIG. 4 demonstrates that several commercially available carbons can be magnetized using a 1:1 ratio. Moreover, the degree of magnetization is different between the carbons.
  • the commercially available carbon that was prepared with a chemical activation process was the most magnetic (264 milligauss), followed by the physically activated coal-based carbons (198, 172, and 121 milligauss), with the physically activated wood-based carbon being the least magnetic (89 milligauss).
  • the suppliers of the carbons are Westvaco, Calgon, Carbochem, NORIT, and Acticarb.
  • FIG. 5 demonstrates that both the 3:1 and 2:1 composites exhibited better performance with the addition of 1% TiO 2 and UV irradiation.
  • the effluent concentration for the 2:1 composite with UV performed more than 2 times better than when the UV was absent.
  • the titania was added to the MPAC via boil deposition by adding Degussa P-25 TiO 2 (1 wt %) to a beaker containing deionized water and the preferred mass of MPAC. The suspension was mechanically stirred at 105° C. until all of the water evaporated thereby implanting the titania to the carbon.
  • Coal-fired power plants are faced with stringent air emissions regulations, and PAC injection is currently the best available technology as deemed by the EPA. However, because it is expensive and contaminates the fly ash, a means to recycle the PAC can reduce operating costs while maintaining a salable fly ash. The invention described herein would facilitate these coal-fired power plants to meet regulations at a fraction of the projected costs.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
US10/541,847 2003-01-13 2004-01-12 Magnetic activated carbon and the removal of contaminants from a fluid streams Abandoned US20060076229A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/541,847 US20060076229A1 (en) 2003-01-13 2004-01-12 Magnetic activated carbon and the removal of contaminants from a fluid streams
US12/049,814 US7879136B2 (en) 2003-01-13 2008-03-17 Magnetic activated carbon and the removal of contaminants from fluid streams

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US43942903P 2003-01-13 2003-01-13
PCT/US2004/000615 WO2004064078A2 (fr) 2003-01-13 2004-01-12 Charbon active magnetique et elimination de contaminants de flux de fluide
US10/541,847 US20060076229A1 (en) 2003-01-13 2004-01-12 Magnetic activated carbon and the removal of contaminants from a fluid streams

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/049,814 Continuation US7879136B2 (en) 2003-01-13 2008-03-17 Magnetic activated carbon and the removal of contaminants from fluid streams

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20060076229A1 true US20060076229A1 (en) 2006-04-13

Family

ID=32713480

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/541,847 Abandoned US20060076229A1 (en) 2003-01-13 2004-01-12 Magnetic activated carbon and the removal of contaminants from a fluid streams
US12/049,814 Expired - Lifetime US7879136B2 (en) 2003-01-13 2008-03-17 Magnetic activated carbon and the removal of contaminants from fluid streams

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/049,814 Expired - Lifetime US7879136B2 (en) 2003-01-13 2008-03-17 Magnetic activated carbon and the removal of contaminants from fluid streams

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (2) US20060076229A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1583601A4 (fr)
CA (1) CA2512520A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004064078A2 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070095203A1 (en) * 2005-10-07 2007-05-03 Paris Henry G Method to Remove an Agent Using a Magnetic Carrier from the Gaseous Phase of a Process
CN100443163C (zh) * 2006-09-19 2008-12-17 东南大学 三元复合锐钛矿型二氧化钛光催化剂及其制备方法
WO2009108064A1 (fr) * 2008-02-28 2009-09-03 Aker Clean Carbon As Agent d'absorption du co<sb>2</sb> et procédé de capture du co<sb>2</sb>
US7722843B1 (en) * 2006-11-24 2010-05-25 Srivats Srinivasachar System and method for sequestration and separation of mercury in combustion exhaust gas aqueous scrubber systems
CN102614830A (zh) * 2012-03-30 2012-08-01 重庆大学 一种煤基锰磁性活性炭的制备方法
CN110773116A (zh) * 2019-11-20 2020-02-11 苏州溪能环保科技有限公司 一种含酚废水净化剂及其制备方法
JP2020054998A (ja) * 2012-05-07 2020-04-09 カーボン テクノロジー ホールディングス， エルエルシー 生物起源の活性炭ならびにそれを作製および使用する方法

Families Citing this family (45)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7429330B2 (en) 2001-08-27 2008-09-30 Calgon Carbon Corporation Method for removing contaminants from fluid streams
US7429551B2 (en) 2001-08-27 2008-09-30 Calgon Carbon Corporation Adsorbents for removing heavy metals
WO2005082524A1 (fr) * 2003-12-16 2005-09-09 Calgon Carbon Corporation Procede d'extraction de contaminants presents dans des flux de liquides
US7544636B2 (en) 2004-03-04 2009-06-09 The Regents Of The University Of California Treated bottom ash medium and method of arsenic removal from drinking water
WO2006116421A1 (fr) * 2005-04-25 2006-11-02 The Regents Of The University Of California Compositions et procedes pour eliminer l'arsenic dans l'eau
US20070160517A1 (en) * 2005-12-22 2007-07-12 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Catalyst, a method of using a catalyst, and an arrangement including a catalyst, for controlling NO and/or CO emissions from a combustion system without using external reagent
WO2009121395A1 (fr) * 2008-03-31 2009-10-08 Rockwood Italia Spa Granulat ayant une activité photocatalytique et ses procédés de fabrication
CA2658469C (fr) 2008-10-03 2012-08-14 Rajender P. Gupta Procede de bromuration
US9133047B2 (en) * 2011-04-05 2015-09-15 Brian E. Butters Decontamination system with insoluble additives
WO2012142491A1 (fr) 2011-04-15 2012-10-18 Biogenic Reagents LLC Procédés pour la production de réactifs biogéniques à haute teneur en carbone
WO2013187940A1 (fr) * 2012-06-15 2013-12-19 Carbonxt Group Ltd. Adsorbants magnétiques, procédés pour fabriquer un adsorbant magnétique, et procédés d'élimination de contaminants de flux de fluide
US11911727B2 (en) * 2012-06-15 2024-02-27 Carbonxt, Inc. Magnetic adsorbents, methods for manufacturing a magnetic adsorbent, and methods of removal of contaminants from fluid streams
US9968881B2 (en) 2012-08-17 2018-05-15 Biokol Lilliestrâle & Co Kb Magnetic activated carbon and methods for preparing and regenerating such materials
US10695717B2 (en) * 2013-04-16 2020-06-30 Carbonxt, Inc. Systems and methods for post combustion mercury control using sorbent injection and wet scrubbing
WO2015044964A1 (fr) 2013-09-30 2015-04-02 Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research Nanocomposites de type charbon actif décorés par des nanoparticules magnétiques pour la purification de l'eau
US12350648B2 (en) 2013-10-24 2025-07-08 Carbon Technology Holdings, LLC Methods and apparatus for producing activated carbon from biomass through carbonized ash intermediates
LT3094593T (lt) 2014-01-16 2022-04-11 Carbon Technology Holdings, LLC Anglies mikrogamykla
WO2015127460A1 (fr) 2014-02-24 2015-08-27 Biogenic Reagent Ventures, Llc Charbon actif extrêmement mésoporeux
US10307706B2 (en) 2014-04-25 2019-06-04 Ada Carbon Solutions, Llc Sorbent compositions for use in a wet scrubber unit
WO2016065357A1 (fr) 2014-10-24 2016-04-28 Biogenic Reagent Ventures, Llc Compositions halogénées de charbon actif et leurs procédés de préparation et d'utilisation
DE102016113650A1 (de) * 2015-07-23 2017-01-26 Vpc Gmbh Verfahren zur Abscheidung von Quecksilber in Verbrennungsabgasen
WO2018052861A1 (fr) * 2016-09-14 2018-03-22 Clariant Corporation Compositions absorbantes d'oxyde de fer
CN110267728B (zh) 2017-01-31 2022-09-06 卡尔冈碳素公司 吸附剂装置
EP3579966B1 (fr) 2017-02-10 2024-12-11 Calgon Carbon Corporation Composition de sorbant et méthode de fabrication
US10322401B2 (en) 2017-09-25 2019-06-18 King Saud University Magnetic adsorbent for organic pollutant removal
US11975291B2 (en) 2018-06-01 2024-05-07 Carbonxt, Inc. Magnetic adsorbents and methods of their use for removal of contaminants
MX2020013421A (es) 2018-06-14 2021-03-29 Carbon Tech Holdings Llc Composiciones de dióxido de silicio de carbono poroso biogénico, métodos de elaboracion y uso de estas.
CN109260943B (zh) * 2018-06-27 2021-09-28 福建师范大学 一种废塑料加工废气处理工艺及成套设备
WO2020028703A2 (fr) 2018-08-01 2020-02-06 Calgon Carbon Corporation Appareil de récupération de vapeur d'hydrocarbures
EP3829760A4 (fr) 2018-08-02 2022-04-06 Calgon Carbon Corporation Dispositifs sorbants
US11697090B2 (en) 2018-08-02 2023-07-11 Calgon Carbon Corporation Sorbent devices
JP7477527B2 (ja) 2019-04-03 2024-05-01 カルゴン カーボン コーポレーション ペルフルオロアルキルおよびポリフルオロアルキル吸着剤材料および使用方法
EP4003572A4 (fr) 2019-07-22 2023-08-23 Calgon Carbon Corporation Feuilles de sorbant texturées, ensembles les contenant, et moules pour leur fabrication
WO2021026535A1 (fr) 2019-08-08 2021-02-11 Calgon Carbon Corporation Dispositifs sorbants pour prises d'air
WO2021084119A1 (fr) * 2019-10-31 2021-05-06 Biokol Lilliestråle & Co Kb Processus pour éliminer des micropolluants dans un liquide ou un gaz
CN115943125B (zh) 2020-07-14 2025-06-06 卡尔冈碳素公司 用于从流体中去除pfas的具有高体积碘值和高体积糖蜜值的吸附剂和其制备和使用方法
US12059668B2 (en) 2020-08-31 2024-08-13 Calgon Carbon Corporation Copper, iron, and nitrogen treated sorbent and method for making same
US12064745B2 (en) 2020-08-31 2024-08-20 Calgon Carbon Corporation Iron and nitrogen treated sorbent and method for making same
MX2023002244A (es) 2020-08-31 2023-03-17 Calgon Carbon Corp Sorbente tratado con cobre y nitrogeno y metodo para fabricar el mismo.
AU2021350836A1 (en) 2020-09-25 2023-06-08 Carbon Technology Holdings, LLC Bio-reduction of metal ores integrated with biomass pyrolysis
US20220267869A1 (en) 2021-02-18 2022-08-25 Carbon Technology Holdings, LLC Carbon-negative metallurgical products
US11932814B2 (en) 2021-04-27 2024-03-19 Carbon Technology Holdings, LLC Biocarbon blends with optimized fixed carbon content, and methods for making and using the same
CN117916204A (zh) 2021-07-09 2024-04-19 卡本科技控股有限责任公司 用于产生具有高固定碳含量和经优化的反应性的生物碳团粒的方法及由其获得的生物碳团粒
KR20240101647A (ko) 2021-11-12 2024-07-02 카본 테크놀로지 홀딩스, 엘엘씨 최적화된 조성 파라미터를 갖는 바이오카본 조성물 및 이를 제조하는 공정
AU2022416523A1 (en) * 2021-12-16 2024-06-13 Ionic Water Technologies, LLC Treatment of carbon for contaminant removal

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3803033A (en) * 1971-12-13 1974-04-09 Awt Systems Inc Process for removal of organic contaminants from a fluid stream
US4201831A (en) * 1976-09-27 1980-05-06 General Electric Company Magnetic adsorbent composite
US4260523A (en) * 1975-02-26 1981-04-07 Siako Tsukamoto Magnetized active carbon composition
US5875384A (en) * 1995-06-12 1999-02-23 California Institute Of Technology TiO2 -coated fiber optic cable reactor
US6258334B1 (en) * 1997-07-28 2001-07-10 Corning Incorporated Mercury removal catalyst and method of making and using same
US20020066368A1 (en) * 1998-12-31 2002-06-06 Hexablock, Inc. Magneto adsorbent
US20020124725A1 (en) * 2001-01-18 2002-09-12 Ramsay Chang Method and apparatus for renewable mercury sorption
US20040147397A1 (en) * 2002-02-26 2004-07-29 Miller Jan D. Magnetic activated carbon particles for adsorption of solutes from solution

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1789507A (en) * 1928-03-22 1931-01-20 Aarts Christianus J Godefridus Process of making an adsorbent comprising carbon, iron, and iron oxide
JP2995438B2 (ja) * 1992-01-17 1999-12-27 クラレケミカル株式会社 磁性及び難燃性を有するシート状吸着剤
AU8093894A (en) * 1993-10-27 1995-05-22 Ronald J. Scrudato Photocatalytic destruction of contaminants in solids
FR2776648B1 (fr) * 1998-03-26 2000-06-02 Gradient Ass Charbon actif a proprietes ferromagnetiques, et procede de fabrication d'un tel charbon actif
JP2000325796A (ja) * 1999-05-24 2000-11-28 Japan Organo Co Ltd 光触媒担持体及びその製造方法
WO2002069351A1 (fr) * 2001-02-26 2002-09-06 University Of Utah Research Foundation Particules de carbone a activation magnetique pour adsorption de solutes a partir d'une solution
US7429330B2 (en) 2001-08-27 2008-09-30 Calgon Carbon Corporation Method for removing contaminants from fluid streams
US6914034B2 (en) 2001-08-27 2005-07-05 Calgon Carbon Corporation Adsorbents for removing heavy metals and methods for producing and using the same
US7722843B1 (en) * 2006-11-24 2010-05-25 Srivats Srinivasachar System and method for sequestration and separation of mercury in combustion exhaust gas aqueous scrubber systems

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3803033A (en) * 1971-12-13 1974-04-09 Awt Systems Inc Process for removal of organic contaminants from a fluid stream
US4260523A (en) * 1975-02-26 1981-04-07 Siako Tsukamoto Magnetized active carbon composition
US4201831A (en) * 1976-09-27 1980-05-06 General Electric Company Magnetic adsorbent composite
US5875384A (en) * 1995-06-12 1999-02-23 California Institute Of Technology TiO2 -coated fiber optic cable reactor
US6258334B1 (en) * 1997-07-28 2001-07-10 Corning Incorporated Mercury removal catalyst and method of making and using same
US20020066368A1 (en) * 1998-12-31 2002-06-06 Hexablock, Inc. Magneto adsorbent
US20020124725A1 (en) * 2001-01-18 2002-09-12 Ramsay Chang Method and apparatus for renewable mercury sorption
US20040147397A1 (en) * 2002-02-26 2004-07-29 Miller Jan D. Magnetic activated carbon particles for adsorption of solutes from solution

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070095203A1 (en) * 2005-10-07 2007-05-03 Paris Henry G Method to Remove an Agent Using a Magnetic Carrier from the Gaseous Phase of a Process
CN100443163C (zh) * 2006-09-19 2008-12-17 东南大学 三元复合锐钛矿型二氧化钛光催化剂及其制备方法
US7722843B1 (en) * 2006-11-24 2010-05-25 Srivats Srinivasachar System and method for sequestration and separation of mercury in combustion exhaust gas aqueous scrubber systems
EA017034B1 (ru) * 2008-02-28 2012-09-28 Акер Клин Карбон Ас Абсорбент coи способ захвата co
US20110005390A1 (en) * 2008-02-28 2011-01-13 Thomas Ranes Haugan Co2 absorbent and method for co2 capture
WO2009108064A1 (fr) * 2008-02-28 2009-09-03 Aker Clean Carbon As Agent d'absorption du co<sb>2</sb> et procédé de capture du co<sb>2</sb>
US8454726B2 (en) 2008-02-28 2013-06-04 Aker Clean Carbon As CO2 absorbent and method for CO2 capture
CN102614830A (zh) * 2012-03-30 2012-08-01 重庆大学 一种煤基锰磁性活性炭的制备方法
CN102614830B (zh) * 2012-03-30 2013-10-02 重庆大学 一种煤基锰磁性活性炭的制备方法
JP2020054998A (ja) * 2012-05-07 2020-04-09 カーボン テクノロジー ホールディングス， エルエルシー 生物起源の活性炭ならびにそれを作製および使用する方法
JP2022081526A (ja) * 2012-05-07 2022-05-31 カーボン テクノロジー ホールディングス， エルエルシー 生物起源の活性炭ならびにそれを作製および使用する方法
JP7392012B2 (ja) 2012-05-07 2023-12-05 カーボン テクノロジー ホールディングス， エルエルシー 生物起源の活性炭ならびにそれを作製および使用する方法
JP2024028731A (ja) * 2012-05-07 2024-03-05 カーボン テクノロジー ホールディングス， エルエルシー 生物起源の活性炭ならびにそれを作製および使用する方法
CN110773116A (zh) * 2019-11-20 2020-02-11 苏州溪能环保科技有限公司 一种含酚废水净化剂及其制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1583601A2 (fr) 2005-10-12
US20080226523A1 (en) 2008-09-18
WO2004064078A3 (fr) 2004-10-21
CA2512520A1 (fr) 2004-07-29
EP1583601A4 (fr) 2006-04-05
WO2004064078A2 (fr) 2004-07-29
US7879136B2 (en) 2011-02-01

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US7879136B2 (en) Magnetic activated carbon and the removal of contaminants from fluid streams
AU2018203359B2 (en) Magnetic adsorbents, methods for manufacturing a magnetic adsorbent, and methods of removal of contaminants from fluid streams
AU2018203359A1 (en) Magnetic adsorbents, methods for manufacturing a magnetic adsorbent, and methods of removal of contaminants from fluid streams
Yang et al. Selenium functionalized metal–organic framework MIL-101 for efficient and permanent sequestration of mercury
US10926218B2 (en) Sorbents for the oxidation and removal of mercury
Zou et al. H2S-modified Fe–Ti spinel: A recyclable magnetic sorbent for recovering gaseous elemental mercury from flue gas as a co-benefit of wet electrostatic precipitators
CN102413899B (zh) 用于汞的氧化和移除的吸附剂
Chen et al. Development and evaluation of magnetic iron-carbon sorbents for mercury removal in coal combustion flue gas
US7494632B1 (en) Mercury sorbent delivery system for flue gas
Liao et al. The centralized control of elemental mercury emission from the flue gas by a magnetic rengenerable Fe–Ti–Mn spinel
Dang et al. The simultaneous centralized control of elemental mercury emission and deep desulfurization from the flue gas using magnetic Mn–Fe spinel as a co-benefit of the wet electrostatic precipitator
US20180257031A1 (en) Sorbents for the oxidation and removal of mercury
CN202983486U (zh) 处理复杂工业有机废气的一体化净化设备
WO2006088083A1 (fr) Procede de production d&#39;oxyhydroxyde de fer et materiau adsorbant renfermant de l&#39;oxyhydroxyde de fer
IL142527A (en) Control of mercury emissions using unburned carbon from combustion by-products
US20150336081A1 (en) Magnetic adsorbents, methods for manufacturing a magnetic adsorbent, and methods of removal of contaminants from fluid streams
US11975291B2 (en) Magnetic adsorbents and methods of their use for removal of contaminants
Yang et al. Elemental mercury removal from flue gas over TiO2 catalyst in an internal-illuminated honeycomb photoreactor
Wang et al. Removal of elemental mercury using magnetic Fe-containing carbon prepared from sludge flocculated with ferrous sulfate by zinc chloride activation
Wang et al. Removal of elemental mercury from flue gas using the magnetic Fe-containing carbon prepared from the sludge flocculated with ferrous sulfate
Gadore et al. Emerging applications of waste fly ash for remediation of environmental contaminants: a high-value and sustainable approach towards utilization of waste materials
US20070095203A1 (en) Method to Remove an Agent Using a Magnetic Carrier from the Gaseous Phase of a Process
US11911727B2 (en) Magnetic adsorbents, methods for manufacturing a magnetic adsorbent, and methods of removal of contaminants from fluid streams
JP2020040060A (ja) 炭素系吸着材を洗浄及び／又は再生可能とする排出物制御システム及び使用方法
Hashemi et al. Nanoadsorbents in air pollution control

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: ENGINEERING PERFORMANCE SOLUTIONS, LLC, FLORIDA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MAZYCK, DAVID W.;REEL/FRAME:017446/0988

Effective date: 20050602

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION