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US20060002762A1 - Method and apparatus for spreading aggregate and road building materials related to vehicle speed - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for spreading aggregate and road building materials related to vehicle speed Download PDF

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Publication number
US20060002762A1
US20060002762A1 US10/483,097 US48309705A US2006002762A1 US 20060002762 A1 US20060002762 A1 US 20060002762A1 US 48309705 A US48309705 A US 48309705A US 2006002762 A1 US2006002762 A1 US 2006002762A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
assembly
hopper
materials
rate
vehicle
Prior art date
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Abandoned
Application number
US10/483,097
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English (en)
Inventor
John Crampton
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of US20060002762A1 publication Critical patent/US20060002762A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/12—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for distributing granular or liquid materials
    • E01C19/20—Apparatus for distributing, e.g. spreading, granular or pulverulent materials, e.g. sand, gravel, salt, dry binders
    • E01C19/2005—Apparatus for distributing, e.g. spreading, granular or pulverulent materials, e.g. sand, gravel, salt, dry binders without driven loosening, discharging or spreading
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/12—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for distributing granular or liquid materials
    • E01C19/15—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for distributing granular or liquid materials for laying-down uncoated stone or similar materials, or for striking-off or spreading same without compacting, e.g. for crushed rock base courses, sand cushions for paving
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/12—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for distributing granular or liquid materials
    • E01C19/20—Apparatus for distributing, e.g. spreading, granular or pulverulent materials, e.g. sand, gravel, salt, dry binders
    • E01C2019/2055—Details not otherwise provided for
    • E01C2019/207—Feeding the distribution means
    • E01C2019/2095—Feeding the distribution means by tipping
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C2301/00—Machine characteristics, parts or accessories not otherwise provided for
    • E01C2301/40—Working platform or walkway

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods and apparatuses for delivery of materials such as but not limited to aggregates and more particularly relates to an improved method for delivery of such aggregates from a spreader assembly and a system for controlling that delivery.
  • the invention further relates to an attachable assembly for fixing to a vehicle having a source of granular material and the like and a control system for controlling the delivery of the material from the assembly.
  • Aggregates are widely used globally in pavement and road construction either for providing a road or pavement base or a durable wear surface which stands up to heavy traffic wear.
  • One method of road construction involves preparing a sub grade surface, coating that sub grade with a layer of bitumen or the like and spreading gravel, metal aggregate road base or the like over the surface of the bitumen. This process is carried out partly by machine and partly by human labour in conjunction with the machine and has been used globally in road pavement constructions for many years.
  • machines are used which include a rear hopper from which is discharged the aggregate for the purpose of the surfacing. Due to the high cost of materials it is important to minimise wastage of pavement materials and particularly aggregates to maintain economies.
  • the present invention provides an improved apparatus and method for the spreading of construction materials such as aggregates in such applications as, but not limited to road pavement construction. More particularly, the invention provides an apparatus and method for the automated and controlled delivery of construction materials particularly in road pavement surfacing. The invention operates to accurately spread granular material such as but not limited to aggregate, according to a predetermined rate on to a surface such as a road pavement or the like. The invention further provides an apparatus which is capable of computer control of both small and large material delivery jobs and which removes the inaccuracies of operation of the known equipment and provides economies by reduction of human labour and elimination of materials losses caused by oversupply per unit area.
  • the present invention comprises:
  • control means is a computer.
  • the present invention comprises:
  • the present invention comprises:
  • the material delivered by said apparatus is road pavement aggregate which is delivered under gravity from said hopper via adjustable gates: which may be adjusted to accommodate a design width for a job and weight per unit area.
  • said adjustable gate/s controls the size of an opening from which said aggregate is discharged wherein the size of the opening is adjusted in response to predetermined parameters such as apparatus speed over the ground and quantity of aggregate to be delivered in order to maintain a predetermined volume of aggregate per unit area.
  • the present invention comprises:
  • the method comprises the further step of converting said input to a mechanical action thereby allowing at least one gate on said hopper to adjust responsive to said at least one input parameter so that said predetermined amount of material is discharged from said apparatus.
  • said at east one parameters may include, discharge rate of said material from said hoper in m 3 /unit area, speed of said apparatus, dimensions of said hopper opening, spread rate in kg/m 2 .
  • the spread rate may be adjusted 0.5 kg per m 2 at any time from minimum to maximum settings.
  • the apparatus is adapted as an attachment for mounting to the rear of a tipper truck
  • the present invention comprises:
  • said mechanical activity is the adjustment of one or more gates to adjust an opening in a hopper.
  • the attachment is adapted to attachment to a vehicle such as a truck
  • the present invention comprises:
  • the input parameter or parameters are received and processed by a computer.
  • the present invention comprises;
  • the present invention comprises:
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a spreader assembly and control console according to one embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a side elevation of the spreader assembly and control console of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 shows a side elevation of the spreader with control console removed and with aggregate delivery gate closed
  • FIG. 4 shows the spreader of FIG. 3 with aggregate delivery gate partially open.
  • FIG. 5 shows the spreader of FIG. 4 with aggregate delivery gate fully open.
  • FIG. 6 shows the spreader of FIG. 1 with hopper detached from a vehicle.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic layout of control system elements according to a preferred embodiment
  • FIG. 8 shows a flow diagram of a typical operation of the control system of a computerised spreader box
  • a spreader which will normally include a hopper for receiving and holding a road or pavement construction material such as an aggregate, will be preferably detachably attached to the rear of a tuck or other source of material supply by means of pin connections, bolts or nuts or alternative form of connection.
  • the truck will be pre loaded with a supply of a flowable material such as but not limited to road base, aggregate (such as used in road surfacing operations) or other paving material.
  • the material will be required to flow upon elevation of a tipper so granular materials are preferred such as aggregates, road bases sands and the like.
  • the material to be spread as road base or on a pavement surface will be typically funnelled from a tipper into the hopper.
  • the hopper receives and retains material delivered from the tipper for discharge via the spreader box.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a perspective view of a spreader assembly 1 attached to a tip truck 2 .
  • Assembly 1 includes a control console 3 and an operator platform 4 .
  • Control console 3 comprises a programmable logic computer 5 which is responsive to predetermined operating parameters inserted by the operator to control delivery of aggregate 6 from vehicle 2 .
  • FIG. 2 there is shown a side elevation of the spreader assembly 1 of FIG. 1 .
  • assembly 1 operates automatically in response to selected operating parameters which influence the required rate of discharge of aggregate 6 for a predetermined thickness of aggregate layer 7 .
  • Assembly 1 is detachably fitted to vehicle 2 by means of bolts or alternative means. Due to the weight of assembly 1 a fork lift may be required to lift the assembly into position.
  • PLC programmable logic computer
  • Assembly 1 further comprises a gate assembly 9 which is preferably air actuated but could be hydraulically operated.
  • Gate assembly 9 may comprises a single gate or an array of separate gates individually operable. As shown in FIG. 1 , assembly 1 may comprise individual gates which are individually and selectively operable by means of pneumatic cylinders 11 - 19 . The number of gates can be adjusted according to design requirements. Thus the assembly can comprise a single gate disposed the full width of the assembly or individual gates which allow an operator to make adjustments according to the width of the required aggregate layer 6 .
  • Assembly 1 is attached to tipper 10 via bolts 20 and includes side baffles 21 and 22 to retain aggregate 6 within the assembly envelope. Aggregate 6 gravitates into hopper 23 and is released by gate assembly 24 .
  • Assembly 1 further comprises ground engaging telescopic members 25 and 26 which engage a ground surface when the assembly is released from vehicle 2 .
  • Screeding assembly 27 is adjustable by operation of cylinder 28 (see FIG. 2 ) and allows variation of the thickness of aggregate 6 .
  • Cylinder 28 is preferably an air operated actuator or electric actuator. Alternatively the cylinder may be hydraulically operated.
  • FIG. 2 shows a side elevation of the spreader assembly and control console of FIG. 1 with corresponding numbering.
  • Spreader 30 comprises a hopper 31 (abbreviated) which receives aggregate 32 from an aggregate supply vehicle (not shown). Hopper 31 communicates with spreader box 33 which temporarily receives and retains until discharge aggregate 32 .
  • the volume capacity of hopper 31 can be manufactured to suit job requirements.
  • Spreader box 33 includes a connection assembly 34 which includes bolts 35 and 36 capable of attachment to a tipper 10 of a vehicle (see FIG. 1 ).
  • Spreader assembly 30 may be adapted for attachment to a vehicle other than a truck although a tipping truck is a preferred feed source of aggregate/road base or pavement surfacing material for spreader assembly 30 .
  • Assembly 30 further comprises a gate 37 which may either span the width of an aggregate discharge chute opening 38 in spreader box 33 or comprise one of a plurality of similar gates which are independently operable responsive to at least one input.
  • Gate 37 which is pivotally attached at hinge 39 .
  • Gate 37 is operably connected to adjustable air actuated cylinder 40 to enable alteration of the size of a discharge opening 38 through which a material such as aggregate 32 fed into hopper 31 thence spreader box 33 will be discharged from assembly 30 .
  • Cylinder 28 is preferably an air operated actuator or electric actuator. Alternatively, the cylinder may be hydraulically operated.
  • Gate 37 is actuated by means of pneumatic rams 41 which is responsive to an output from PLC which in turn responds to an input parameter as will be described in more detail below.
  • Ram 41 is either directly or indirectly linked to gate 37 . As shown in FIG. 3 , ram 41 is pivotally connected to arm 42 via pin connection 43 . Arm 42 is in turn pivotally connected to hinge 39 by pin 44 .
  • Arm 42 is therefore capable of movement relative to pin connections 43 and 44 .
  • Ram 41 in operation selectively moves in the direction of arrows 45 and 46 . Movement in the direction of arrow 46 will effect closure of gate 37 whereas movement of ram 41 in the direction of arrow 45 will open gate 37 .
  • Gate 37 may be segmented and therefore adjusted according to the width of spread required or the discharge rate.
  • Assembly 30 further comprises a screeding assembly 47 comprising a downwardly depending strut 48 connected at one end to pivoting hinge 49 via pin 50 .
  • Arm 51 is also pivotally attached at one end to hinge 49 and at the other end to electrically actuated cylinder 53 via pin connection 52 .
  • Electrically actuated cylinder 53 is also linked to the PLC.
  • Cylinder 53 includes ram 55 capable of movement in the direction of arrows 56 and 57 .
  • strut 48 moves about pin 50 causing screeding assembly 47 to move in the general direction of arrow 58 .
  • Screeding assembly 47 can therefore move forwards or backwards. This enables the depth of the layer of discharged material to be adjusted.
  • FIG. 4 shows the spreader of FIG. 3 with aggregate delivery gate 37 partially open. Aggregate 32 is shown discharging from spreader box 33 to pavement surface 59 as the assembly advances in the direction of arrow 60 .
  • the vehicle may discharge the surfacing gravel/aggregate/road base, as it reverses in the direction of arrow 60 a This ensures that the vehicle travels only on the discharged gravel/aggregate/road base, and not on the bitumen.
  • Screeding assembly 47 trails discharge chute opening 38 and maintains aggregate 32 at a predetermined thickness.
  • the clearance distance d between screeding assembly 47 and ground surface 58 will dictate the thickness of the material 32 .
  • FIG. 5 shows the spreader of FIG. 3 with aggregate delivery gate 37 fully open and screeding assembly 47 disposed at an angle allowing a greater aggregate thickness.
  • Screeding assembly 47 may be rotated in the opposite direction by retraction of ram 55 in the direction of arrow 56 .
  • the discharge rate and thickness can be adjusted during delivery and responsive to one ore more predetermined input parameters, such as vehicle speed or motion.
  • FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of the spreader assembly of FIG. 1 with corresponding numbering detached from a vehicle.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic layout of control system elements according to a preferred embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is best read in conjunction with FIG. 8 which shows a schematic flow diagram of the steps of operation of the spreader assembly.
  • FIG. 7 shows the preferred locations of speed sensor, electronic transmitters and switches.
  • Vehicle speed sensor 70 is located on or near chassis 71 .
  • Tilt position transmitter 72 is preferably located at the rear of the vehicle.
  • the electronics for operation of the gate positions are located near the gates.
  • Each gate includes a proportional gate position transmitter 73 with proportional gate open limit switch 74 and proportional gate closed limit 75 .
  • FIG. 8 shows a flow diagram of the operation of the spreader assembly according to a preferred embodiment.
  • An important objective of the computer controlled spreader assembly is to ensure that the required amount of material is discharged to eliminate wastage by oversupply of material and to ensure consistency of delivery to meet design requirements. Accurate delivery of granular material from a moving hopper charged by a material supply is difficult to achieve as it is dependent upon a number of fixed and variable parameters whose relationship is constantly changing during delivery as some external and unpredictable influences may change delivery rate and conditions for a linear distance.
  • the vehicle which discharges the aggregate material may influence discharge rates due to tyre circumference, differential ratio, road speed translating into pulses/revolution.
  • the truck includes a pick up sensor which senses road speed. it also includes a tilt sensor which detects body tilt angle.
  • the pick up sensor detects road speed pulses per revolution
  • a signal proportional to body tilt angle is emitted preferably between 4-20 mA.
  • a proportional signal relative to stroke position if proportional gate is emitted between 0-10 vDC.
  • Proportional gate position limit switches set open and closed position limits.
  • the PLC contains four main programs. The first of these is a vehicle safety check program which allows an operator to check to determine if operation is available. Operator console switches and selections are checked to ensure operation is available. If all safeties are clear an indication lamp is set to ON. Alternatively, an error message is displayed and the proportional gate is disabled from operating. The operator may then rectify any problems and re establish available operation
  • the second program allows setting of truck parameters.
  • Road speed is the critical parameter which is a function of the product of tyre circumference, differential ratio and road speed pulses/pulses per revolution.
  • a third program allows for gate calibration which is required daily to establish if the spread rate delivered is commensurate with the spread rate prescribed. This is carried out by performing spread rate and mat tests prior to commencing a job.
  • a fourth program allows loading of truck operation parameters.
  • An aggregate size parameter is loaded by an operator. This parameter will be the staring point for determination of the remaining operating parameters which must accommodate aggregate size.
  • the operation program is loaded with parameters which correspond to aggregate size.
  • the spread rate weight is selected by the operator and converted to a raw proportional gate position. This result is then compensated for by the tilt feedback value.
  • the proportional gate tilt compensated position is then calculated by a ratio of the raw proportional gate position and the truck tilt angle.
  • the road speed compensated value is then calculated by a ratio of the proportional gate tilt compensated position and the calculated road speed. This result provides the operating set value for the proportional gate position.
  • the set value then provides an accurate repeatable spread rate of aggregate on the ground.
  • the operator console screen displays operating parameters, truck operating status, selected aggregate recipe and weight, recipe details and error or fault messages.
  • the proportional gate position is controlled by the calculated set value compared to the position feedback signal.
  • the comparison result will activate either an open or close command signal for the gates.
  • Gates 11 - 19 are each activated by individual selector open and close switches which actuate solenoids connected to each drive cylinders for each gate. Timed pulse open signal opens solenoid valves for each material gate.
  • the operator stands on the operator platform and selects the required amount of aggregate.
  • gate assemblies are opened in accordance with a corresponding input parameter or parameters.
  • the operator console is preferably push button digital operation.
  • the senor includes a cog on the tail shaft which reads pulses commensurate with the degree of travel of a vehicle wheel.
  • the PLC knowing the number of pulses can calculate the distance of travel of the wheel or horizontal speed and adjusts the gate assembly to either increase or decrease discharge of the material to be spread according to the design spread rate for a particular job.
  • the PLC may make the gate assembly adjustments with reference to an alternative parameter such as wheel revolutions.
  • the assembly may further comprise an incline meter to determine the angel of a truck body and an absolute linear displacement sensor which determines the precise position of the spread rate screeding assembly.
  • each gate assembly which are opened and closed by separate individual air actuated pneumatic rams. These may alternatively be hydraulically or electrically actuated. This enables an adjustment of the width of aggregate discharge opening.
  • Gate arms may be forced open by pneumatic air and the aggregate in the hopper.
  • the spread rate screeding rack controls the amount of gravel spread onto the road surface via an electric actuator. The range and degree of movement that the actuator controls forward or reverse movement is predetermined by the PLC.
  • the computer receives it operating data from such parameters as road speed, angle of truck body, and an absolute linear displacement which determines the precise position of the spread rate.
  • the PLC program will calculate from the input parameters the job discharge rate requirements and adjust the gate assembly accordingly, to ensure correct kg/m 2 discharge or spread rate.
  • the computer control eliminates the human error which prevails in the prior art methods and apparatuses by allowing accurate control of the discharges of material by adjusting in the event of vehicle stoppages or slow down.
  • the computer accurately controls the material spread rate in each and al operations and leaves the operator free to assume a monitoring role which includes watching for obstructions such as power lines. It is a mandatory requirement in road surfacing in which aggregate is spread from a hopper to employ an observer with a 5099 ticket whose mandate is to watch for power lines to ensure no snagging.
  • This activity requires at least one individual but where a computer controlled assembly is employed in accordance with the invention, the operator of the assembly can also function safely as an observer due to the automation provided by the logic computer.
  • the invention being adaptable as an attachment to a vehicle frees a tipper when not attached to the box spreader to be employed elsewhere. It also enables adaption to relatively small spreading jobs. For example jobs as small as 300 mm wide to 900 mm wide may be performed.
  • the computer controlled apparatus can be used in spreading up and down hills or around corners and may be transported on public roads day or night.
  • the spreader assembly may be switched from manual to automatic (computer driven) operation or from computer to manual operation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Machines (AREA)
US10/483,097 2001-07-06 2002-07-05 Method and apparatus for spreading aggregate and road building materials related to vehicle speed Abandoned US20060002762A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPR6220 2001-07-06
AUPR6220A AUPR622001A0 (en) 2001-07-06 2001-07-06 Improved method and apparatus for spreading of aggregate and road building materials
PCT/AU2002/000912 WO2003004775A1 (fr) 2001-07-06 2002-07-05 Procede et appareil d'epandage de granulats et de materiaux routiers associe a la vitesse d'un vehicule

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AU (1) AUPR622001A0 (fr)
CA (1) CA2453028A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003004775A1 (fr)

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US20070194155A1 (en) * 2005-07-18 2007-08-23 Kendall Jeffrey D Broadcast spreader with rate control system
US20100006666A1 (en) * 2005-07-18 2010-01-14 Kendall Jeffrey D Broadcast spreader with rate control system
US20100178107A1 (en) * 2009-01-09 2010-07-15 Caterpillar Inc. Machine system operation and control strategy for material supply and placement
US20110066336A1 (en) * 2008-06-17 2011-03-17 Volvo Construction Equipment Ab A method for operating a transport vehicle, a transport vehicle, a method for controllling operation of a work site and a work site system
US20140030634A1 (en) * 2010-08-31 2014-01-30 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Method for bonding aluminum-based metals
US20140144051A1 (en) * 2011-09-22 2014-05-29 The Charles Machine Works, Inc. Trench Filling Machine
US20160216050A1 (en) * 2006-06-26 2016-07-28 Snamprogetti S.P.A. Corrosion-resistant bimetallic tube and its use in tube bundle equipment
US9644328B1 (en) * 2013-08-27 2017-05-09 Gomaco Corporation Concrete whitetopping system
US9777442B2 (en) * 2014-03-03 2017-10-03 Weiler, Inc. System and method of applying material to a surface
US20180111537A1 (en) * 2015-03-06 2018-04-26 Hyva Holding B.V. Method and system for operating a tipper vehicle
US10118528B2 (en) * 2015-12-07 2018-11-06 Glenn L. GORDON Material dispersal blade for a bottom dump trailer
US20190360166A1 (en) * 2017-02-20 2019-11-28 Kordsa Teknik Tekstil Anonim Sirketi Apparatus for reinforcing ground with fiberous additives
US10549673B2 (en) * 2018-02-13 2020-02-04 James Patrick Godwin, JR. System and method for paving a surface and remotely controlling the flow of paving material from a dump truck into a hopper of a paver
US20220267966A1 (en) * 2019-06-25 2022-08-25 QFE Holdings Pty. Ltd. Road construction materials spreading vehicle
CN115467214A (zh) * 2022-08-12 2022-12-13 厦门昂博科智能机械有限公司 一种铺沙装置及自动铺沙控制方法

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FR2855533B1 (fr) * 2003-05-26 2006-08-18 Cortambert Tp Dispositif d'epandage par gravite de materiau pulverulent et/ou granuleux
US9095683B2 (en) 2011-02-25 2015-08-04 C. R. Bard, Inc. Medical component insertion device including a retractable needle
DE202019104082U1 (de) * 2019-07-24 2020-10-27 Joseph Vögele AG Multifunktionales Geländermodul am Bohlenlaufsteg
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US20100006666A1 (en) * 2005-07-18 2010-01-14 Kendall Jeffrey D Broadcast spreader with rate control system
US8201759B2 (en) 2005-07-18 2012-06-19 Earth Way Products, Inc. Broadcast spreader with rate control system
US20070194155A1 (en) * 2005-07-18 2007-08-23 Kendall Jeffrey D Broadcast spreader with rate control system
US20160216050A1 (en) * 2006-06-26 2016-07-28 Snamprogetti S.P.A. Corrosion-resistant bimetallic tube and its use in tube bundle equipment
US20110066336A1 (en) * 2008-06-17 2011-03-17 Volvo Construction Equipment Ab A method for operating a transport vehicle, a transport vehicle, a method for controllling operation of a work site and a work site system
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WO2003004775A1 (fr) 2003-01-16
CA2453028A1 (fr) 2003-01-16

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