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US20050186189A1 - Novel microorganism strain GM-020 of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and its use for treating obesity - Google Patents

Novel microorganism strain GM-020 of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and its use for treating obesity Download PDF

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US20050186189A1
US20050186189A1 US10/956,138 US95613804A US2005186189A1 US 20050186189 A1 US20050186189 A1 US 20050186189A1 US 95613804 A US95613804 A US 95613804A US 2005186189 A1 US2005186189 A1 US 2005186189A1
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wood ear
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lactobacillus rhamnosus
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Ching-Hsiang Hsu
Wei-Chih Su
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Genmont Biotech Inc
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
    • A61K35/66—Microorganisms or materials therefrom
    • A61K35/74—Bacteria
    • A61K35/741—Probiotics
    • A61K35/744—Lactic acid bacteria, e.g. enterococci, pediococci, lactococci, streptococci or leuconostocs
    • A61K35/747—Lactobacilli, e.g. L. acidophilus or L. brevis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/06—Fungi, e.g. yeasts
    • A61K36/07—Basidiomycota, e.g. Cryptococcus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/205—Bacterial isolates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
    • C12R2001/225—Lactobacillus

Definitions

  • the invention mainly relates to a novel microorganism strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GM-020 and its use for treating obesity or complications thereof.
  • Obesity is an excess of body fat usually due to changes of physiological or biochemical function and is a significant impairment of health. Fat usually contains neutral lipids, phospholipids and cholesterols. Weight gain is dependent on a person's energy intake being greater than energy expenditure.
  • the strategies are chosen or combined to treat an obesity patient depending on the patient's danger factors in health, and the rate and effect of losing weight, which are influenced by multiple factors such as ages, standing height, family history, and danger factors.
  • the mechanisms of drug treatment include inhibiting appetite, increasing energy expenditure, stimulating fat movement, lowering triacylglycerol synthesis, and inhibiting fat absorption.
  • these drugs are phenylpropanolamine (PPA), orlistat (XenicalTM), and sibutramine (ReductilTM).
  • PPA phenylpropanolamine
  • XenicalTM orlistat
  • ReductilTM sibutramine
  • Lactobacillus gasseri SBT0270 was found to have an ability to lower cholesterol concentration related to de-combination of bile acid (Usman, B. and Hosono, A. (2001) Hypocholesterolemic effect of Lactobacillus gasseri SBT0270 in rats fed a cholesterol-enriched diet. J. Dairy Res. 68: 617-624).
  • the mechanism of treating obesity is lowering the solubility of the de-combined bile acid through absorption of free form of bile acid by L.
  • Lactobacillus rhamnosus was regarded as a potential probiotic lactic acid bacterium that has an immune-enhancing property. Safety assessment of L. rhamnosus was also investigated. Zhou et al. disclosed that hematological parameters (red blood cell and platelet counts, hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration); differential leukocyte counts; blood biochemistry (plasma total protein, albumin, cholesterol, and glucose); mucosal histology (epithelial cell height, mucosal thickness, and villus height); and bacterial translocation to extra-gut tissues (blood, liver, spleen, kidney and mesenteric lymph nodes) of mice administrated with L.
  • hematological parameters red blood cell and platelet counts, hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
  • differential leukocyte counts blood biochemistry (plasma total protein, albumin, cholesterol, and glucose);
  • rhamnosus showed similar profiles to those of the control mice (Zhou, J. S., Shu, Q., Rutherfurd, K. J., Prasad, J., Birtles, M. J., Gopal, P. K. and Gill, and danger factors.
  • the mechanisms of drug treatment include inhibiting appetite, increasing energy expenditure, stimulating fat movement, lowering triacylglycerol synthesis, and inhibiting fat absorption.
  • these drugs are phenylpropanolamine (PPA), orlistat (XenicalTM), and sibutramine (ReductilTM).
  • PPA phenylpropanolamine
  • XenicalTM orlistat
  • ReductilTM sibutramine
  • Lactobacillus gasseri SBT0270 was found to have an ability to lower cholesterol concentration related to de-combination of bile acid (Usman, B. and Hosono, A. (2001) Hypocholesterolemic effect of Lactobacillus gasseri SBT0270 in rats fed a cholesterol-enriched diet. J. Dairy Res. 68: 617-624).
  • the mechanism of treating obesity is lowering the solubility of the de-combined bile acid through absorption of free form of bile acid by L.
  • Lactobacillus rhamnosus was regarded as a potential probiotic lactic acid bacterium that has an immune-enhancing property. Safety assessment of L. rhamnosus was also investigated. Zhou et al. disclosed that hematological parameters (red blood cell and platelet counts, hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration); differential leukocyte counts; blood biochemistry (plasma total protein, albumin, cholesterol, and glucose); mucosal histology (epithelial cell height, mucosal thickness, and villus height); and bacterial translocation to extra-gut tissues (blood, liver, spleen, kidney and mesenteric lymph nodes) of mice administrated with L.
  • hematological parameters red blood cell and platelet counts, hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
  • differential leukocyte counts blood biochemistry (plasma total protein, albumin, cholesterol, and glucose);
  • LDL low density lipoproteins
  • systolic blood pressure was significantly reduced (Agerholm-Larsen, L., Raben, A., Haulrik N., Hansen, A. S., Manders, M., and Astrup A. (2000) Effect of 8 week intake of probiotic milk products on risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Eur J Clin Nutr. 54(4): 288-97). Accordingly, the conventional L. rhamnosus strain is evidenced that it does not change plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. Furthermore, no body weight change is observed when administration of the conventional L. rhamnosus strains.
  • the invention provides a new microorganism strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GM-020.
  • the invention provides a method for treating obesity and complications thereof in a subject comprising administrating said subject with a composition comprising the microorganism strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GM-020; wherein the complication is preferably selected from the group consisting of hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.
  • the invention provides a method for treating obesity and complications thereof in a subject comprising administrating said subject with a composition comprising the microorganism strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GM-020 and an Auricularia polytricha strain; wherein the complication is preferably selected from the group consisting of hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, fatty liver, and diabetes mellitus.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the 1000 ⁇ microscopic view of GM-020.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the cell wall proteins of GM-020 and conventional Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains; wherein M represents protein molecular weight; Lane 1 represents Lactobacillus rhamnosus (commercial product Antibiophilus); Lane 2 represents Lactobacillus rhamnosus GM-020; Lane 3 represents Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC9595; Lane 4 represents Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC10940; and Lane 5 represents Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC14029.
  • M protein molecular weight
  • Lane 1 represents Lactobacillus rhamnosus (commercial product Antibiophilus)
  • Lane 2 represents Lactobacillus rhamnosus GM-020
  • Lane 3 represents Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC9595
  • Lane 4 represents Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC10940
  • Lane 5 represents Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC14029.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the 2-D total proteins electrophoresis of GM-020.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the differences in body weight in the animal model treated with GM-020 or/and wood ear according to Example 5; wherein ** represents for p ⁇ 0.01; a for negative control; b for positive control; c for 1 ⁇ of wood ear; d for 10 ⁇ of wood ear; e for GM-020; f for 1 ⁇ of wood ear combined with GM-020; and g for 10 ⁇ wood ear combined with GM-020.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the differences in lipid tissue weight around the testicle in the animal model treated with GM-020 or/and wood ear according to Example 5; wherein ** represents for p ⁇ 0.01; a for negative control; b for positive control; c for 1 ⁇ of wood ear; d for 10 ⁇ of wood ear; e for GM-020; f for 1 ⁇ of wood ear combined with GM-020; and g for 10 ⁇ of wood ear combined with GM-020.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the differences in lipid tissue weight around the kidney in the animal model treated with GM-020 or/and wood ear according to Example 5; wherein ** represents for p ⁇ 0.01; a for negative control; b for positive control; c for 1 ⁇ wood ear; d for 10 ⁇ wood ear; e for GM-020; f for 1 ⁇ wood ear combined with GM-020; and g for 10 ⁇ wood ear combined with GM-020.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the differences between the serum concentrations of total cholesterol between before (CHOL — 0) and after (CHOL — 4) treatment according to Example 6; wherein * represents for p ⁇ 0.1; ** for p ⁇ 0.05; for p ⁇ 0.01.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the serum concentrations of LDL-C before (LDL-C — 0) and after (LDL-C — 4) treatment according to Example 6; wherein * represents for p ⁇ 0.1;** for p ⁇ 0.05; *** for p ⁇ 0.01.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates the difference between the serum concentrations of LDL-C between before (LDL-C — 0) and after (LDL-C — 4) treatment according to Example 6; wherein * represents for p ⁇ 0.1; ** for p ⁇ 0.05; *** for p ⁇ 0.01.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates the difference of the serum concentrations of LDL-C/HDL-C between before (LDL-C/HDL-C — 0) and after (LDL-C/HDL-C — 4) treatment according to Example 6; wherein * represents for p ⁇ 0.1; ** for p ⁇ 0.05; *** for p ⁇ 0.01.
  • the invention provides a novel microorganism strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GM-020, which is capable of treating obesity.
  • the strain GM-020 was deposited with the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) under the accession number of CCTCC M 203098 on Dec. 18, 2003.
  • CTCC China Center for Type Culture Collection
  • the Lactobacillus rhamnosus GM-020 is isolated from human stomach.
  • the mycological characteristics of the Lactobacillus rhamnosus GM-020 are shown below:
  • API 50 CHL test API 50 CHL system is use d for identification of lactic acid bacteria. By assaying the responses of a serious of enzymes, the characters of the lactic acid are established.
  • the result of API 50 CHL test of GM-020 is listed in Table 2: TABLE 2 Res- Res- Res- Enzyme Ponse Enzyme ponse Enzyme ponse Glycerol ⁇ Mannitol + D-Tagatos + Erythritol ⁇ Sorbitol + 5 ceto- ⁇ gluconate D-Arabinose ⁇ ⁇ -Methyl-D- + 2 ceto- ⁇ Glucoside gluconate L-Arabinose ⁇ N Acethyl + Gluconate ⁇ glucosamine Ribose + Amygdaline + L-Arabiyol ⁇ D-Xylose ⁇ Arbutine + D-Arabitol ⁇ L-Xylose ⁇ Esculine + L-F
  • adk2 Human adenylate kinase 2 (adk2) mRNA, complete cds RAC-ALPHA SERINE/THREONINE KINASE Hexokinase 1 CDC28 protein kinase 2 (CKS2) mRNA.
  • Hep G2 cell line as the test cell line.
  • the group of genes as listed in Table 4 is significantly different.
  • TABLE 4 Gene Interleukin 10 receptor IL-16 EGF Lymphotoxin alpha (formerly tumor necrosis factor beta) Interferon regulatory factor 5 Fibroblast growth factor 7 (keratinocyte growth factor) Proteasome 26S subunit, ATPase, 3 calpamodulin mRNA Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 Hexokinase 1 Human 53K isoform of Type II phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase (PIPK) mRNA, complete cds mitochondrial transcription termination factor STAT-1 alpha/beta Urokinase-type plasminogen activator Human adenylate kinase 2 (adk2) mRNA, complete cds Protein kina
  • the present invention provides a method for treating obesity and a complication thereof in a subject comprising administrating said subject with a composition comprising GM-020.
  • the strain GM-020 has an ability to inhibit body weight gain in a subject even when the subject taking high energy diet, and is capable of inhibiting body weight.
  • the ICR mice fed with high energy diet to lead to obesity with a treatment of the strain GM-020 the body weight was kept without any increase, compared with the control group without treatment.
  • the strain GM-020 is effective in adjusting cholesterol and lipoprotein ratios.
  • the serum and liver concentrations of total cholesterol were lowered in the obesity mice and hamsters fed with cholesterol-enriched diet to lead to hypercholesterolemia with a treatment of the strain GM-020.
  • the serum concentration of low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) was also lowered.
  • the ratio of LDL-C and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (LDL-C/HDL-C) in serum was lowered.
  • the strain GM-020 is effective in treating hypercholesterolemia and lowering the morbidity rate of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. That is, the strain GM-020 can be used for preparing a composition for treating obesity and a complication thereof, such as hypercholesterolemia and lowering the morbidity rate of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.
  • the invention also provides a method for treating obesity and complications thereof in a subject comprising administrating said subject with a composition comprising the microorganism strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GM-020 and an Auricularia polytricha strain; wherein the complication is preferably selected from the group consisting of hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, fatty liver, and diabetes mellitus.
  • strain GM-020 in combination with Auricularia polytricha wood ear provides a dramatic effect in treating obesity, compared with wood ear or the strain GM-020 solely.
  • Auricularia auricula known as wood ear, tree ear, and etc., is a rubbery flavorless edible fungus. It is closely relative to Auricularia polytrichia cultivated in Asia, and has been consume d for a long time. Auricularia auricula is found to grow in wild on conifers and sometimes on deciduous wood in both spring and fall seasons. Wood ear is usually dried for the preparation as food. When eating the dried wood ear, the edible fibers extend about 8 to 10 times after absorbing water. The consumer feels full and reduces eating. Furthermore, polysaccharides in wood ear were reported to have an effect in lowering the serum concentration of total cholesterol in rabbits.
  • the body weight of the obesity animal model with a treatment with the combination of wood ear and GM-020 was reduced; to the contrary, the administration of wood ear or GM-020 solely can inhibit body weight gain only.
  • the combination of wood ear and the strain GM-020 has an ability to lower the serum and liver concentrations of total cholesterol and triacylglycerol in the animal model compared with the control group. It is concluded that the combination of wood ear and the strain GM-020 can be use d for preparing a composition for treating hypercholesterolemia, fatty liver, diabetes mellitus and lowering the morbidity rate of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.
  • the effect of treating obesity and hypercholesterolemia and lowering the morbidity rate of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease was positively correlated to the dosage of wood ear.
  • the daily suggested dosage (1 ⁇ ) of wood ear in an adult is 6 g ⁇ 0.0026 ⁇ surface area.
  • 10 ⁇ of wood ear has a better effect than 1 ⁇ of wood ear.
  • the strain GM-020 alone, and the combination of GM-020 and wood ear do not harm to the liver and kidney.
  • the liver function is normal when monitoring the amount of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), uric acid and creatinine, which shows that the administration of strain GM-020 alone or the combination of the strain GM-020 and wood ear, is a safe way for treating obesity and the complications thereof.
  • GAT glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase
  • GPT glutamic pyruvic transaminase
  • uric acid uric acid
  • creatinine which shows that the administration of strain GM-020 alone or the combination of the strain GM-020 and wood ear, is a safe way for treating obesity and the complications thereof.
  • triacylglycerol in serum was reduced after the treatment of the combination of GM-020 and wood ear
  • Lactobacillus MRS Broth DIFCO® 0881
  • the broth containing the tissue was plated on Lactobacillus selective agar and incubated at 37° C. for one day. Single colony growing on the plate was selected and subjected to Gram-stain. Gram-positive bacteria were then selected.
  • GM-020 cells Ten mg of GM-020 cells were added with 0.5 mL of lysis buffer C (7M urea, 4% CHAPS, 2 M thiourea, 40 mM tris base, 0.5% IPG buffer amd 5 mM TBP) and 100 ⁇ L of glass beads. The solution was then subjected to sonicate and centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 30 min. Total proteins were determined by Bio-rad PlusOneTM protein assay and then subjected to 2-D electrophoresis with pH 3 to 10 IEF. The electrophresis as programmed in Table 5 was performed with 10% gel and with 40 mA/gel for 4 hours. The gel was then fixed with 10% methanol and 7% acetic acid for 30 min.
  • lysis buffer C 7M urea, 4% CHAPS, 2 M thiourea, 40 mM tris base, 0.5% IPG buffer amd 5 mM TBP
  • GM-020 for a standardized detection system: The cells of the strain GM-020 were incubated in Lactobacillus MRS broth (DIFCO® 0881) at 37° C. to the stationary phase. After centrifuged at 3,000 g for 15 min, the culture was washed with 2 mL and 1 mL of 1 ⁇ of PBS (phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.2) and then suspended in 1 mL of PBS (1 ⁇ ), wherein the cell concentration was adjusted to 1 ⁇ 10 9 CFU/mL.
  • PBS phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.2
  • the cultures were stored at ⁇ 20° C.
  • the Hep G2 cells were refreshed by adding a fresh medium and cultured for 16 hours. Subsequently, the cells were divided into two groups, and one was for the culture with the lactic acid bacteria and the other was for the culture without the lactic acid bacteria. When the cell concentration reached 1 ⁇ 10 7 /10 mL, cells were stimulated for 24 h with or without 1 ⁇ 10 7 GM-020. After stimulation, the cells were collected, washed twice with PBS, and used for RNA isolation.
  • RNA isolation and labeling RNA was extracted from cell by using Trizol Reagent (Life Technologies®, Gaithersburg, Md.) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Eight L of the RNA (10 ⁇ g) and 2 L oligo poly-dT (12-18 mer, 0.1 g/L) were well mixed and kept at 70° C. for 10 minutes and then were cooled with ice for 2 minutes. Mixed the RNA with reverse transcription labeling mixture and 3 L Cy5-dUTP (1 mM), 2 L SuperScript II (200 U/L), and RNasin (1 L) in dark. The mixture was incubated at 42° C. for 2 hours for reverse transcription, and the reaction was terminated by adding 1.5 L of 20 mM EDTA. After the labeling, RNA was removed by NaOH treatment and neutralized by HCl. cDNA was immediately purified with a STRATAGENETM PCR purification kit.
  • Microarray fabrication Hundreds of genes chosen were amplified through polymerase chain reaction and quantified by spectrophotometry at 260 nm. All purified PCR products were adjusted to a concentration of 0.1 ⁇ g/ ⁇ L in 50% dimethyl sulfoxide and spotted in duplicate on UltraGAPSTMTM coated slides (Corning®, Inc., Coming, N.Y.). After printing, the microarrays were UV cross-link at 300 mjoulesand stored in the slide container in a desiccator at room temperature. The genes were listed in Table 3.
  • Microarray hybridization Fluorescently labeled cDNA was denatured in the hybridization solution (5 ⁇ SSC, 0.1% SDS and 25% formamide) at 100° C. for 5 min, cooled to ambient temperature, and deposited onto slides. The hybridization was carried out for 18 h at 42° C. After hybridization, the slides were successively washed in low-stringency (1 ⁇ SSC and 0.1% SDS), medium-stringency (0.1 ⁇ SSC and 0.1% SDS), high-stringency (0.1 ⁇ SSC) buffer and finally were dried by compressed N 2 .
  • the hybridization solution 5 ⁇ SSC, 0.1% SDS and 25% formamide
  • mice Male ICR mice were purchased from National Laboratory Animal Center in Taiwan and raised alone in light for 12 hours and in dark for 12 hours at a temperature of 25 ⁇ 1° C. and a humidity of 60 ⁇ 5%. Food and water were supplemented sufficiently. The mice were divided into two groups. One was normal control group and the other was high energy group. The normal control group was fed with normal diet, and the high energy group was fed with high energy diet containing 48% dry feeding stuff, 8% corn oil and 44% condensed milk. The mice's body weights were measured every week. The high energy group was further.
  • Treatment with GM-020 and/or wood ear The normal control group was fed with normal diet continuously. The treatments were administrated twice a day. The dosage of PPA was 4.875 mg each time. In the meal of 1 ⁇ of wood ear, there was 15.6 mg of wood ear in 3 g diet, and in the meal of 10 ⁇ of wood ear, there is 156 mg of wood ear in 3 g diet. The dosage of GM-020 was 109 CFU/mL.
  • Body weight difference After treated for 4 weeks, blood samples were collected from the tails for biochemical assay. The data were analyzed with Kruskal Wallis H Test, and normal control group was taken to as a baseline for Dunnett Test. The results were shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the group of 10 ⁇ of wood ear combined with GM-020 had a significant decrease in body weight compared with the negative control group.
  • the group of positive control, the group of 1 ⁇ of wood ear combined with GM-020, and the group of 10 ⁇ of wood ear combined with GM-020 had a significant decrease in body weight compared with the negative control group.
  • the group of positive control, the group of 1 ⁇ of wood ear, the group of GM-020, the group of 1 ⁇ of wood ear combined with GM-020, and the group of 10 ⁇ of wood ear combined with GM-020 had a significant decrease in body weight compared with the negative control group.
  • the results demonstrate that GM-020 and wood ear is effective in treating obesity.
  • mice were sacrificed, and the lipid tissues around the testicle were taken and weighted. The data were analyzed with Kruskal Wallis H Test, and that of the normal control group was taken as a baseline for Dunnett Test. The results were shown in FIG. 5 .
  • mice were sacrificed, and the lipid tissues around the kidney were taken and weighted. The data were analyzed with Kruskal Wallis H Test, and that of the normal control group was taken as a baseline for Dunnett-Test. The results were shown in FIG. 6 .
  • the group of 1 ⁇ of wood ear, the group of 10 ⁇ of wood ear, the group of 1 ⁇ wood ear combined with GM-020, and the group of 10 ⁇ of wood ear combined with GM-020 had a significant decrease compared with negative control group.
  • the group of positive control, the group of GM-020, and the negative control showed little difference.
  • Serum concentration of fat metabolites Blood samples were collected from the tails for biochemical assay. The blood samples were stayed at room temperature for 1 hour and centrifuged at 2,500 rpm for 10 minutes. The upper layer of serum was taken for assay.
  • the concentration of triacylglycol (TG) of each group was assayed with TRIGLYCERIDES GPO LIQUID REAGENTTM (ASK®, Taiwan) and the absorption was measured with Autoanalyzer HitachiTM 7150.
  • the concentration of total cholesterol (CHOL) was assayed with CHOLESTEROL LIQUID REAGENTTM (ASK®, Taiwan), and the absorption was measured with Autoanalyzer HitachiTM 7150.
  • the concentration of HDL-C and LDL-C were assayed according to selectively inhibition method and enzyme determination (Unichem®, Japan) and the absorption was measured with Autoanalyzer HitachiTM 7150.
  • the group of 1 ⁇ of wood ear combined with GM-020 and the group of 10 ⁇ of wood ear combined with GM-020 had a lower serum concentration of triacylglycol than the negative control group.
  • the group of 1 ⁇ of wood ear, the group of 10 ⁇ of wood ear and the group of GM-020 had a little difference compared with the negative control group.
  • the group of 1 ⁇ of wood ear, the group of 10 ⁇ of wood ear, the group of 1 ⁇ wood ear combined with GM-020, and the group of 10 ⁇ of wood ear combined with GM-020 had lower serum concentrations of total cholesterol and HDL-C. As to the concentration of LDL-C, every group except the normal control showed little difference.
  • liver concentration of fat metabolites The mice were sacrificed, and the right lobe of liver was taken. The fat was extract according to the conventional method.
  • each of the group of 1 ⁇ of wood ear, the group of GM-020, the group of 1 ⁇ of wood ear combined with GM-020, and the group of 10 ⁇ of wood ear combined with GM-020 had a lower serum concentration of total cholesterol.
  • triacylglycol the group of 1 ⁇ of wood ear, each of the group of 10 ⁇ of wood ear, the group of 1 ⁇ of wood ear combined with GM-020, and the group of 10 ⁇ wood ear combined with GM-020 had a significant decrease.
  • the concentration of creatinine was assayed according to Jaffe Reaction method (Unichem®, Japan) and the absorption was measured with Autoanalyzer HitachiTM 7150.
  • the concentration of GOT was assayed with GOT (ASAT) IFCC modTM. (HUMAN®, Germany) and the absorption was measured with Autoanalyzer HitachiTM 7150.
  • the concentration of GPT was assayed with GPT (ALAT) IFCC modTM. (HUMAN®, Germany) and the absorption was measured with Autoanalyzer HitachiTM 7150.
  • the concentration of uric acid (UA) was assayed according to uricase-peroxidase method (Unichem®, Japan) and the absorption was measured with Autoanalyzer HitachiTM 7150.
  • mice Male hamsters were purchased from National Laboratory Animal Center in Taiwan and raised alone in light for 12 hours and in dark for 12 hours at a temperature of 25 ⁇ 1° C. and a humidity of 60 ⁇ 5%. Food and water were supplemented sufficiently. The mice were divided into two groups: one for normal control (NC) group and the other 10 for cholesterol-enriched diet group. The normal control group was fed with normal diet, and the cholesterol-enriched diet group was fed with 2% cholesterol-enriched diet containing 24% protein, 14% fat, 2% cholesterol, 48% carbohydrate, 6% fiber, and 6% mineral and vitamin mixture.
  • NC normal control
  • cholesterol-enriched diet group was fed with 2% cholesterol-enriched diet containing 24% protein, 14% fat, 2% cholesterol, 48% carbohydrate, 6% fiber, and 6% mineral and vitamin mixture.
  • Treatment with GM-020 The normal control group was fed with normal diet continuously. The treatments were administrated twice a day. The cholesterol-enriched diet group was further divided into groups as listed below according treatment: (a) L. gasseri, (b) GM-020, (c) L. sporogenes, and (d) negative control (Control) treated with normal saline. The dosage was 10 9 CFU/mL each time.
  • Serum concentration of fat metabolites Blood samples were collected from the periorbital veins for biochemical assay before and after the treatment. The blood samples were stayed at room temperature for 1 5 hour and centrifuged at 2,500 rpm for 10 minutes. The upper layer of serum was taken for assay.
  • the cholesterol-enriched diet group showed significantly increase of CHOL, HDL-C, LDL-C, and TG after feeding cholesterol-enriched diet for 4 weeks when compared with the normal control group, and the subgroups of the cholesterol-enriched diet showed little difference between each other.
  • the L. sporogenes group showed significantly lower than the normal control group after the treatment for 4 weeks.
  • the groups of L. gasseri, GM-020 and negative control showed little difference.
  • the serum concentration was shown in FIG. 8 .
  • the GM-020 group showed significantly decrease compared with the normal control (p ⁇ 0.1).
  • the groups of L. gasseri and L. sporogenes showed significantly (p ⁇ 0.05) lower than the normal control group after the treatment for 4 weeks (referring to FIG. 9 ). It was evidenced that GM-020 has an ability to lower serum concentration of total cholesterol.
  • LDL-C/HDL/C the ratio was shown in Table 11 and FIG. 10 , wherein * represented for p ⁇ 0.1; ** for p ⁇ 0.05; *** for p ⁇ 0.01; a for negative control; b for L. gasseri; c for GM-020; d for L. sporogenes.
  • the data were analyzed with Kruskal Wallis H Test, and that of the normal control group was taken as a baseline for Dunnett Test.
  • the GM-020 group showed a significant decrease compared with the normal control (p ⁇ 0.001). It was evidenced that GM-020 has an ability to lower the value of LDL-C/HDL-C.

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Abstract

The present invention provides an isolated microorganism strain, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GM-020, which is found to be effective in treating obesity and a complication thereof. The use of the Lactobacillus rhamnosus GM-020 in treating obesity and a complication thereof is also provided.

Description

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • 1. Field of the Invention
  • The invention mainly relates to a novel microorganism strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GM-020 and its use for treating obesity or complications thereof.
  • 2. Description of the Related Art
  • Obesity is an excess of body fat usually due to changes of physiological or biochemical function and is a significant impairment of health. Fat usually contains neutral lipids, phospholipids and cholesterols. Weight gain is dependent on a person's energy intake being greater than energy expenditure. There are two types of obesity: (a) simple obesity, and (b) second obesity. Simple obesity is divided into idiopathic obesity and acquired obesity accounts for more 95% of obesity. Idiopathic obesity results from a large number of fat cell, and is usually found in childhood obesity. Acquired obesity results from a larger size of fat cell, and is usually found in adult obesity. Secondary obesity is known as symptomatic obesity, usually results from endocrine or metabolic diseases. Obesity would be associated with several chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, cardiopathy, hypertension, apoplexy, biliary calculus, gout, and some carcinomas.
  • There are five strategies for treating obesity: diet, exercise, behavior treatment, drug treatment, and therapeutic operation. The strategies are chosen or combined to treat an obesity patient depending on the patient's danger factors in health, and the rate and effect of losing weight, which are influenced by multiple factors such as ages, standing height, family history, and danger factors. The mechanisms of drug treatment include inhibiting appetite, increasing energy expenditure, stimulating fat movement, lowering triacylglycerol synthesis, and inhibiting fat absorption. Examples of these drugs are phenylpropanolamine (PPA), orlistat (Xenical™), and sibutramine (Reductil™). However, it is a new trend to treat obesity with a natural substance, not a drug.
  • In the prior art, it was found that some microorganism strains could be used to treat obesity, or complications thereof. For instance, Lactobacillus gasseri SBT0270 was found to have an ability to lower cholesterol concentration related to de-combination of bile acid (Usman, B. and Hosono, A. (2001) Hypocholesterolemic effect of Lactobacillus gasseri SBT0270 in rats fed a cholesterol-enriched diet. J. Dairy Res. 68: 617-624). The mechanism of treating obesity is lowering the solubility of the de-combined bile acid through absorption of free form of bile acid by L. gasseri and an exhaustion with scats (since the exhausted bile acid cannot be recycled back to the liver, and new bile acid is needed to be synthesized from cholesterol.) Besides, it was found that L. gasseri could be combined with bile acid and cholesterol to make an exhaustion.
  • Lactobacillus rhamnosus was regarded as a potential probiotic lactic acid bacterium that has an immune-enhancing property. Safety assessment of L. rhamnosus was also investigated. Zhou et al. disclosed that hematological parameters (red blood cell and platelet counts, hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration); differential leukocyte counts; blood biochemistry (plasma total protein, albumin, cholesterol, and glucose); mucosal histology (epithelial cell height, mucosal thickness, and villus height); and bacterial translocation to extra-gut tissues (blood, liver, spleen, kidney and mesenteric lymph nodes) of mice administrated with L. rhamnosus showed similar profiles to those of the control mice (Zhou, J. S., Shu, Q., Rutherfurd, K. J., Prasad, J., Birtles, M. J., Gopal, P. K. and Gill, and danger factors. The mechanisms of drug treatment include inhibiting appetite, increasing energy expenditure, stimulating fat movement, lowering triacylglycerol synthesis, and inhibiting fat absorption. Examples of these drugs are phenylpropanolamine (PPA), orlistat (Xenical™), and sibutramine (Reductil™). However, it is a new trend to treat obesity with a natural substance, not a drug.
  • In the prior art, it was found that some microorganism strains could be used to treat obesity, or complications thereof. For instance, Lactobacillus gasseri SBT0270 was found to have an ability to lower cholesterol concentration related to de-combination of bile acid (Usman, B. and Hosono, A. (2001) Hypocholesterolemic effect of Lactobacillus gasseri SBT0270 in rats fed a cholesterol-enriched diet. J. Dairy Res. 68: 617-624). The mechanism of treating obesity is lowering the solubility of the de-combined bile acid through absorption of free form of bile acid by L. gasseri and an exhaustion with scats (since the exhausted bile acid cannot be recycled back to the liver, and new bile acid is needed to be synthesized from cholesterol.) Besides, it was found that L. gasseri could be combined with bile acid and cholesterol to make an exhaustion.
  • Lactobacillus rhamnosus was regarded as a potential probiotic lactic acid bacterium that has an immune-enhancing property. Safety assessment of L. rhamnosus was also investigated. Zhou et al. disclosed that hematological parameters (red blood cell and platelet counts, hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration); differential leukocyte counts; blood biochemistry (plasma total protein, albumin, cholesterol, and glucose); mucosal histology (epithelial cell height, mucosal thickness, and villus height); and bacterial translocation to extra-gut tissues (blood, liver, spleen, kidney and mesenteric lymph nodes) of mice administrated with L. rhamnosus showed similar profiles to those of the control mice (Zhou, J. S., Shu, Q., Rutherfurd, K. J., Prasad, J., Birtles, M. J., Gopal, P. K. and Gill, H. S. (2000) Safety assessment of potential probiotic lactic acid bacterial strains Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001, Lb. acidophilus HN017, and Bifzdobacterium lactis HN019 in BALB/c mice. International Journal of Food Microbiology 56: 87-96). In addition, Agerholm-Larsen et al. discloses that administration of a yoghurt fermented with L. rhamnosus does not change low density lipoproteins (LDL)-cholesterol. On the other hand, only systolic blood pressure was significantly reduced (Agerholm-Larsen, L., Raben, A., Haulrik N., Hansen, A. S., Manders, M., and Astrup A. (2000) Effect of 8 week intake of probiotic milk products on risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Eur J Clin Nutr. 54(4): 288-97). Accordingly, the conventional L. rhamnosus strain is evidenced that it does not change plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. Furthermore, no body weight change is observed when administration of the conventional L. rhamnosus strains.
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • The invention provides a new microorganism strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GM-020.
  • In another aspect, the invention provides a method for treating obesity and complications thereof in a subject comprising administrating said subject with a composition comprising the microorganism strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GM-020; wherein the complication is preferably selected from the group consisting of hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.
  • In still another aspect, the invention provides a method for treating obesity and complications thereof in a subject comprising administrating said subject with a composition comprising the microorganism strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GM-020 and an Auricularia polytricha strain; wherein the complication is preferably selected from the group consisting of hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, fatty liver, and diabetes mellitus.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the 1000× microscopic view of GM-020.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the cell wall proteins of GM-020 and conventional Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains; wherein M represents protein molecular weight; Lane 1 represents Lactobacillus rhamnosus (commercial product Antibiophilus); Lane 2 represents Lactobacillus rhamnosus GM-020; Lane 3 represents Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC9595; Lane 4 represents Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC10940; and Lane 5 represents Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC14029.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the 2-D total proteins electrophoresis of GM-020.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the differences in body weight in the animal model treated with GM-020 or/and wood ear according to Example 5; wherein ** represents for p<0.01; a for negative control; b for positive control; c for 1× of wood ear; d for 10× of wood ear; e for GM-020; f for 1× of wood ear combined with GM-020; and g for 10× wood ear combined with GM-020.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the differences in lipid tissue weight around the testicle in the animal model treated with GM-020 or/and wood ear according to Example 5; wherein ** represents for p<0.01; a for negative control; b for positive control; c for 1× of wood ear; d for 10× of wood ear; e for GM-020; f for 1× of wood ear combined with GM-020; and g for 10× of wood ear combined with GM-020.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the differences in lipid tissue weight around the kidney in the animal model treated with GM-020 or/and wood ear according to Example 5; wherein ** represents for p<0.01; a for negative control; b for positive control; c for 1× wood ear; d for 10× wood ear; e for GM-020; f for 1× wood ear combined with GM-020; and g for 10× wood ear combined with GM-020.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the differences between the serum concentrations of total cholesterol between before (CHOL—0) and after (CHOL—4) treatment according to Example 6; wherein * represents for p<0.1; ** for p<0.05; for p<0.01.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the serum concentrations of LDL-C before (LDL-C—0) and after (LDL-C—4) treatment according to Example 6; wherein * represents for p<0.1;** for p<0.05; *** for p<0.01.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates the difference between the serum concentrations of LDL-C between before (LDL-C—0) and after (LDL-C—4) treatment according to Example 6; wherein * represents for p<0.1; ** for p<0.05; *** for p<0.01.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates the difference of the serum concentrations of LDL-C/HDL-C between before (LDL-C/HDL-C—0) and after (LDL-C/HDL-C—4) treatment according to Example 6; wherein * represents for p<0.1; ** for p<0.05; *** for p<0.01.
    • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • The invention provides a novel microorganism strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GM-020, which is capable of treating obesity. The strain GM-020 was deposited with the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) under the accession number of CCTCC M 203098 on Dec. 18, 2003.
  • The Lactobacillus rhamnosus GM-020 is isolated from human stomach.
  • The mycological characteristics of the Lactobacillus rhamnosus GM-020 are shown below:
      • (a) Morphological Characteristics:
        • (1) Shape and size of cell: bacillus, which has a rod-like shape with round edge when the cells after cultured at 37° C. overnight in MRS broth were observed with a microscope.
        • (2) Motility: non-motile
        • (3) Flagella: none
        • (4) Sporulation: no spore-forming
        • (5) Gram-stain: positive
      • (b) Cultural Characteristics:
  • (1) Medium: MRS broth (DIFCO® 0881) (as shown in Table 1), fmal pH 6.5±0.2
    TABLE 1
    Component g/L
    Proteose peptone 10.0
    Beef Extract 10.0
    Yeast Extract 5.0
    Dextrose 20.0
    Polysorbate 80 1.0
    Ammonium Citrate 2.0
    Sodium Acetate 5.0
    Magnesium Sulfate 0.1
    Manganese Sulfate 0.05
    Dipotassium Phosphate 2.0
        • (2) Cultural condition: 37 ° C anaerobic or aerobic culture
      • (c) Physiological Characteristics:
        • (1) Catalase: negative
        • (2) Oxidase: negative
  • (3) API 50 CHL test: API 50 CHL system is used for identification of lactic acid bacteria. By assaying the responses of a serious of enzymes, the characters of the lactic acid are established. The result of API 50 CHL test of GM-020 is listed in Table 2:
    TABLE 2
    Res- Res- Res-
    Enzyme Ponse Enzyme ponse Enzyme ponse
    Glycerol − Mannitol + D-Tagatos +
    Erythritol − Sorbitol + 5 ceto- −
    gluconate
    D-Arabinose − α-Methyl-D- + 2 ceto- −
    Glucoside gluconate
    L-Arabinose − N Acethyl + Gluconate −
    glucosamine
    Ribose + Amygdaline + L-Arabiyol −
    D-Xylose − Arbutine + D-Arabitol −
    L-Xylose − Esculine + L-Fucose −
    Adonitol − Salicine + D-Fucose −
    β-Methyl- − Cellobiose + D-Lyxose −
    xyloside
    D-Glucose + Galactose + Inuline −
    D-Fructose + Lactose + Saccharose −
    D-Mannose + α-Methyl-D- − Glycogene −
    mannoside
    L-Sorbose + Melezitose + Xylitol −
    Rhamnose + D-Raffinose − β −
    Gentiobiose
    Dulcitol − Amidon − D-Turanose
    Inositol − Maltose − Melibiose −
    Trehalose −
      • (d) Genetic Characteristics:
        • 16S rDNA sequence analysis of GM-020 is determined by Food Industry Research & Development Institute, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, R.O.C. as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1. The result shows that GM-020 is highly homologous to other Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains with more than 99% similarity.
      • (e) Cell wall proteins of GM-020:
        • The cell wall proteins of GM-020 show specific pattern when compared with other conventional Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains. The SDS-PAGE patterns of the cell wall proteins of GM-020 are shown in FIG. 2.
        • The total proteins of GM-020 are subjected to 2-D electrophoresis, and the pattern as shown in FIG. 3 is specific.
      • (f) Standardized detection system for identifying GM-020:
  • The standard detection system for identifying microorganism is disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/446,781 filed on May 29, 2003, using gene expression difference of a test cell line culturing with and without a given microorganism as a marker for identification. The genes tested are listed in Table 3.
    TABLE 3
    Gene
    Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
    c-rel
    growth associated protein43
    N-myc
    IGF binding protein 1
    IL-16
    Lymphotoxin alpha (formerly tumor necrosis factor beta)
    Interferon-inducible protein 9-27
    Connective tissue growth factor
    Interleukin 10 receptor
    calpamodulin mRNA
    ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (UbcH8) mRNA, comp
    Homo sapiens protein kinase A binding protein AKAP110 mRNA,
    complete cds
    pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isoenzyme 4
    Pyridoxal (pyridoxine, vitamin B6) kinase
    MAP kinase-interacting serine/threonine kinase 1
    Leukocyte tyrosine kinase
    Neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 3 (TrkC)
    pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoenzyme 3 (PDK3) mRNA, complete
    cds
    Human diacylglycerol kinase zeta mRNA, complete cds
    Protein kinase C, alpha
    Deoxyguanosine kinase
    Adenosine kinase
    Topoisomerase (DNA) II beta (180 kD)
    IkB kinase beta subunit mRNA
    stat5a(Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A)
    Colony-stimulating factor 1 (M-CSF)
    HGF
    IL-1 receptor type 1
    Interleukin 7
    metallothionein I-B gene
    Interleukin 6 (B cell stimulatory factor 2)
    Small inducible cytokine A2 (monocyte chemotactic protein 1,
    Proteasome 26S subunit, ATPase, 3
    Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2A (RAD6 homolog)
    thymidine kinase 1, soluble
    Tyrosine kinase 2
    serine/threonine protein-kinase
    Transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1
    Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3
    Creatine kinase B
    Protein serine/threonine kinase stk2
    stress-activated protein kinase 3 (SAPK3) mRNA.
    Human adenylate kinase 2 (adk2) mRNA, complete cds
    RAC-ALPHA SERINE/THREONINE KINASE
    Hexokinase
    1
    CDC28 protein kinase 2 (CKS2) mRNA.
    Superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial
    Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2
    Growth associated protein 43
    p53-associated gene
    CD30
    metallothionein-III
    Interleukin
    4 receptor
    Gamma-interferon-inducible protein ip-30 precursor
    Interferon-alpha/beta receptor alpha chain precursor
    Early growth response protein 1
    interleukin-13 receptor mRNA, complete cds
    protease inhibitor 12 (PI12; neuroserpin)
    serine/threonine protein kinase KKIALRE
    Phosphorylase kinase, beta
    serine/threonine kinase 9
    Serine/threonine kinase 10
    Protein kinase mitogen-activated 8 (MAP.kinase)
    focal adhesion kinase (FAK) mRNA, complete cds
    Human activated p21cdc42Hs kinase (ack) mRNA, complete cds
    Human integrin-linked kinase (ILK) mRNA, complete cds
    Human guanylate kinase (GUK1) mRNA, complete cds
    BMK1 alpha kinase mRNA, complete cds
    flavin containing monooxygenase 5 (FMO5) mRNA.
    Pyruvate kinase, liver
    transcription elongation factor S-II, hS-II-T
    nitric oxide synthase 3 (endothelial cell)
    Bc12, p53 binding protein Bbp/53BP2 (BBP/53BP2) mRNA,
    telomeric DNA sequence
    stat-like protein (Fe65) mRNA, complete cds
    IL-5 receptor a
    EGF
    FGF2
    Interleukin
    2 receptor gamma chain
    C-C CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR TYPE 2
    Guanylate binding protein 1, interferon-inducible, 67 kD
    mitochondrial processing peptidase beta-subunit
    syntaxin 8
    Cytokine suppressive anti-inflammatory drug binding protein 1 (p38
    MAP kinase)
    protein tyrosine kinase 6
    Branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase
    Serine/threonine kinase 2
    protein kinase, mitogen-activated 4 (MAP kinase 4; p63)(PRKM4)
    mRNA.
    Tyrosine-protein kinase SYK
    Human putative serine/threonine protein kinase PRK (prk) mRNA,
    complete cds
    Adenylate kinase isoenzyme 1
    Hemopoietic cell kinase
    Glycerol kinase
    Tyrosine-protein kinase CSK
    General transcription factor IIB
    Interleukin 6 signal transducer (gp130, oncostatin M receptor)
    Caspase-8 (Apoptotic cysteine protease mch5 (mach-alpha-1))
    Tumor protein p53
    Transforming growth factor, beta receptor III (betaglycan, 3
    IFN-g
    Transforming growth factor, beta 3
    TGF-beta superfamily protein, complete
    Fibroblast growth factor 7 (keratinocyte growth factor)
    Small inducible cytokine A4 (homologous to mouse Mip-1b)
    hepatocyte growth factor activator inh
    Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme l1
    serine/threonine kinase 11 (Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
    Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 3 (CDK2-associated dual specificity
    phosphatase)
    pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isoenzyme 3
    Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, liver
    Protein kinase mitogen-activated 7 (MAP kinase)
    Human protein tyrosine kinase mRNA, complete cds
    Protein-tyrosine kinase 7
    Lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase
    Ribosomal protein s6 kinase
    src-like kinase (slk) mRNA, complete cds.
    Nucleoside diphosphate kinase a
    Cyclin-dependent kinase 2
    STAT-1 alpha/beta
    Angiopoietin-1
    Phospholipase C
    STAT2(Signal transducer and activator of transcription 2)
    c-src tyrosine kinase
    IL-15
    TGFb receptor associate protein 1
    Annexin V (lipocortin V; endonexin II)
    Interferon regulatory factor 5
    interferon-gamma receptor alpha chain precursor
    Transforming growth factor, beta receptor II (70-80 kD)
    Homo sapiens apoptotic protease activating factor 1 (Apaf-1)
    Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2B (RAD6 homolog)
    MAP/ERK kinase kinase 3
    phosphorylase kinase, alpha 2 (liver), glycogen storage disease IX
    Serine/threonine kinase 4
    Glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase
    Mevalonate kinase
    Glucokinase (hexokinase 4, maturity onset diabetes of the young 2)
    Deoxycytidine kinase
    Urokinase-type plasminogen activator
    Human mitochondrial creatine kinase (CKMT) gene, complete cds
    Choline kinase
    Human 53K isoform of Type II phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-
    kinase (PIPK) mRNA, complete cds
    Leukocyte adhesion protein beta subunit
    c-fos
    phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
    apoptotic cysteine protease mch4
    Monocyte chemotactic protein 1
    Transcription factor AP-4 (activating enhancer-binding prote
    Interleukin-1 receptor, type 1 precursor
    Caspase-10 (Human apoptotic cysteine protease mch4)
    Human kinase (TTK) mRNA, complete cds
    Beta-2 adrenergic receptor
    Estrogen sulfotransferase (ste)
    signal transducer and activator of transcription 6, interleukin-4 induced
    Protein kinase clk1
    Interleukin-8 precursor
    H. sapiens mRNA for FAST kinase
    Interferon-gamma receptor alpha chain precursor
    Insulin-like growth factor I receptor precursor
    mitochondrial transcription termination factor
    Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (acute-ph
    H. sapiens mRNA for protein kinase CK1
    MAP kinase activated protein kinase
    Protein kinase clk3
    INF-b
    General transcription factor IIB
    sis, PDGF B chain
    β-actin
    Glutathione S-transferase M1
    IL-1b
    MAP/ERK kinase kinase 3
    INF-b
    EGR-1
    Glutathione S-transferase 12 (microsomal)
  • Hep G2 cell line as the test cell line. When comparing the expression patterns of culturing Hep G2 cell line with and without GM-020, the group of genes as listed in Table 4 is significantly different.
    TABLE 4
    Gene
    Interleukin
    10 receptor
    IL-16
    EGF
    Lymphotoxin alpha (formerly tumor necrosis factor beta)
    Interferon regulatory factor 5
    Fibroblast growth factor 7 (keratinocyte growth factor)
    Proteasome 26S subunit, ATPase, 3
    calpamodulin mRNA
    Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1
    Hexokinase
    1
    Human 53K isoform of Type II phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase
    (PIPK) mRNA, complete cds
    mitochondrial transcription termination factor
    STAT-1 alpha/beta
    Urokinase-type plasminogen activator
    Human adenylate kinase 2 (adk2) mRNA, complete cds
    Protein kinase C, alpha
    Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase FES/FPS
    Human mitochondrial creatine kinase (CKMT) gene, complete cds
    protein tyrosine kinase 6
    serine/threonine kinase 9
    IkB kinase beta subunit mRNA
    Caspase-8 (Apoptotic cysteine protease mch5 (mach-alpha-1))
    Bc12, p53 binding protein Bbp/53BP2 (BBP/53BP2) mRNA,
    Growth associated protein 43
    Protein kinase clk3
    Tumor necrosis factor-inducible protein TSG-6 precursor
    Insulin-like growth factor I receptor precursor
    Monocyte chemotactic protein 1
    Leukocyte adhesion protein beta subunit
    sis, PDGF B chain
    Humig mRNA
    CD27L receptor precursor
    retinoic acid-and interferon-inducible 58K protein RI
    IRF-1
  • The present invention provides a method for treating obesity and a complication thereof in a subject comprising administrating said subject with a composition comprising GM-020.
  • It is surprisingly found in the invention that the strain GM-020 has an ability to inhibit body weight gain in a subject even when the subject taking high energy diet, and is capable of inhibiting body weight. In one experiment according to the invention, the ICR mice fed with high energy diet to lead to obesity with a treatment of the strain GM-020, the body weight was kept without any increase, compared with the control group without treatment.
  • It is also found in the invention that the strain GM-020 is effective in adjusting cholesterol and lipoprotein ratios. In one experiment according to the invention, the serum and liver concentrations of total cholesterol were lowered in the obesity mice and hamsters fed with cholesterol-enriched diet to lead to hypercholesterolemia with a treatment of the strain GM-020. The serum concentration of low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) was also lowered. Besides, the ratio of LDL-C and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (LDL-C/HDL-C) in serum was lowered. It would be concluded that that the strain GM-020 is effective in treating hypercholesterolemia and lowering the morbidity rate of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. That is, the strain GM-020 can be used for preparing a composition for treating obesity and a complication thereof, such as hypercholesterolemia and lowering the morbidity rate of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.
  • The invention also provides a method for treating obesity and complications thereof in a subject comprising administrating said subject with a composition comprising the microorganism strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GM-020 and an Auricularia polytricha strain; wherein the complication is preferably selected from the group consisting of hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, fatty liver, and diabetes mellitus.
  • It is found in the invention that the strain GM-020 in combination with Auricularia polytricha (wood ear provides a dramatic effect in treating obesity, compared with wood ear or the strain GM-020 solely.
  • Auricularia auricula, known as wood ear, tree ear, and etc., is a rubbery flavorless edible fungus. It is closely relative to Auricularia polytrichia cultivated in Asia, and has been consumed for a long time. Auricularia auricula is found to grow in wild on conifers and sometimes on deciduous wood in both spring and fall seasons. Wood ear is usually dried for the preparation as food. When eating the dried wood ear, the edible fibers extend about 8 to 10 times after absorbing water. The consumer feels full and reduces eating. Furthermore, polysaccharides in wood ear were reported to have an effect in lowering the serum concentration of total cholesterol in rabbits.
  • In one experiment according to the invention, the body weight of the obesity animal model with a treatment with the combination of wood ear and GM-020 was reduced; to the contrary, the administration of wood ear or GM-020 solely can inhibit body weight gain only.
  • It is found in the invention that the combination of wood ear and the strain GM-020 has an ability to lower the serum and liver concentrations of total cholesterol and triacylglycerol in the animal model compared with the control group. It is concluded that the combination of wood ear and the strain GM-020 can be used for preparing a composition for treating hypercholesterolemia, fatty liver, diabetes mellitus and lowering the morbidity rate of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.
  • In one experiment according to the invention, the effect of treating obesity and hypercholesterolemia and lowering the morbidity rate of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease was positively correlated to the dosage of wood ear. Normally, the daily suggested dosage (1×) of wood ear in an adult is 6 g×0.0026×surface area. In one embodiment of the invention, 10× of wood ear has a better effect than 1× of wood ear.
  • According to the invention, the strain GM-020 alone, and the combination of GM-020 and wood ear do not harm to the liver and kidney. In the animal model, the liver function is normal when monitoring the amount of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), uric acid and creatinine, which shows that the administration of strain GM-020 alone or the combination of the strain GM-020 and wood ear, is a safe way for treating obesity and the complications thereof. It is also found in the invention that triacylglycerol in serum was reduced after the treatment of the combination of GM-020 and wood ear.
  • The following Examples are given for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
    • EXAMPLE 1 Isolation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GM-020
  • A piece of human stomach tissue taken by an endoscope was cultured in 2 mL of Lactobacillus MRS Broth (DIFCO® 0881). The broth containing the tissue was plated on Lactobacillus selective agar and incubated at 37° C. for one day. Single colony growing on the plate was selected and subjected to Gram-stain. Gram-positive bacteria were then selected. One strain, called as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GM-020, was cloned.
    • EXAMPLE 2 Cell Wall Proteins Extraction and Analysis of GM-020
  • Twenty-four-hour-old cells of mesophilic lactobacilli cultivated in MRS broth (Difo®)) were harvested, washed twice in 0.05 M Tris-HCl (pH 7.5) containing 0.1 M CaCl2, and resuspended in 1 ml of the same buffer at an A600 of 10.0. After centrifugation at 8,000×g for 5 min, cell wall proteins were extracted from the pellets with 1.0 ml of extraction buffer (pH 8.0) containing 0.01 M EDTA, 0.01 M NaCl, and 2% (wt/vol) SDS. Suspensions were stored at room temperature for 60 min, heated at 100° C. for 5 min, and centrifuged at 11,600×g for 10 min at 4° C. The supernatants were analyzed by 12% SDS-PAGE and stained with Comassie blue.
    • EXAMPLE 3 Two-D Total Proteins Electrophoresis of GM-020
  • Ten mg of GM-020 cells were added with 0.5 mL of lysis buffer C (7M urea, 4% CHAPS, 2 M thiourea, 40 mM tris base, 0.5% IPG buffer amd 5 mM TBP) and 100 μL of glass beads. The solution was then subjected to sonicate and centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 30 min. Total proteins were determined by Bio-rad PlusOne™ protein assay and then subjected to 2-D electrophoresis with pH 3 to 10 IEF. The electrophresis as programmed in Table 5 was performed with 10% gel and with 40 mA/gel for 4 hours. The gel was then fixed with 10% methanol and 7% acetic acid for 30 min. After fixation, the gel was colorized by sypro ruby stain for 5 hours and then destained with 10% methanl and 7% acetic acid for 6 hours. The result was shown in FIG. 3.
    TABLE 5
     30 V   12 hr
     100 V 0:10 hr
     250 V 0:10 hr
     500 V 0:10 hr
    1000 V 0:30 hr
    4000 V 0:30 hr
    6000 V   60 KVhr
    • EXAMPLE 4 A Standardized Detection System for Identifying GM-020
  • Preparation of GM-020 for a standardized detection system: The cells of the strain GM-020 were incubated in Lactobacillus MRS broth (DIFCO® 0881) at 37° C. to the stationary phase. After centrifuged at 3,000 g for 15 min, the culture was washed with 2 mL and 1 mL of 1× of PBS (phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.2) and then suspended in 1 mL of PBS (1×), wherein the cell concentration was adjusted to 1×109 CFU/mL.
  • The cultures were stored at −20° C.
  • Stimulation: The Hep G2 cells were refreshed by adding a fresh medium and cultured for 16 hours. Subsequently, the cells were divided into two groups, and one was for the culture with the lactic acid bacteria and the other was for the culture without the lactic acid bacteria. When the cell concentration reached 1×107/10 mL, cells were stimulated for 24 h with or without 1×107 GM-020. After stimulation, the cells were collected, washed twice with PBS, and used for RNA isolation.
  • RNA isolation and labeling: RNA was extracted from cell by using Trizol Reagent (Life Technologies®, Gaithersburg, Md.) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Eight L of the RNA (10 μg) and 2 L oligo poly-dT (12-18 mer, 0.1 g/L) were well mixed and kept at 70° C. for 10 minutes and then were cooled with ice for 2 minutes. Mixed the RNA with reverse transcription labeling mixture and 3 L Cy5-dUTP (1 mM), 2 L SuperScript II (200 U/L), and RNasin (1 L) in dark. The mixture was incubated at 42° C. for 2 hours for reverse transcription, and the reaction was terminated by adding 1.5 L of 20 mM EDTA. After the labeling, RNA was removed by NaOH treatment and neutralized by HCl. cDNA was immediately purified with a STRATAGENE™ PCR purification kit.
  • Microarray fabrication: Hundreds of genes chosen were amplified through polymerase chain reaction and quantified by spectrophotometry at 260 nm. All purified PCR products were adjusted to a concentration of 0.1 μg/μL in 50% dimethyl sulfoxide and spotted in duplicate on UltraGAPSTM™ coated slides (Corning®, Inc., Coming, N.Y.). After printing, the microarrays were UV cross-link at 300 mjoulesand stored in the slide container in a desiccator at room temperature. The genes were listed in Table 3.
  • Microarray hybridization: Fluorescently labeled cDNA was denatured in the hybridization solution (5×SSC, 0.1% SDS and 25% formamide) at 100° C. for 5 min, cooled to ambient temperature, and deposited onto slides. The hybridization was carried out for 18 h at 42° C. After hybridization, the slides were successively washed in low-stringency (1×SSC and 0.1% SDS), medium-stringency (0.1×SSC and 0.1% SDS), high-stringency (0.1×SSC) buffer and finally were dried by compressed N2.
  • Signal detection and data analysis: N2-dried slides were immediately scanned on a GenePix® 4000B scanner (Axon Instruments®), Inc.) at the same laser power and sensitivity level of the photomultiplier for each slide. Raw fluorescence data were acquired (10-nm resolution), and subsequent processing and data visualization were performed in Microsoft Excel™. In order to compare the results of independent hybridization experiments, the local background signal was subtracted from the hybridization signal of each separate spot, and then divided by the housekeeping gene, β-actin. The final expression of each gene was represented in a mean of duplicates. The gene expression profiles of the Hep G2 cell cultured with and without GM-020 were then obtained. A group of genes upregulated or down-regulated more than 2 fold in Hep G2 cultured with GM-020 to that cultured without the bacteria were selected. The results were shown in Table 4.
    • EXAMPLE 5 GM-020 for Treating Obesity
  • Animal model: Male ICR mice were purchased from National Laboratory Animal Center in Taiwan and raised alone in light for 12 hours and in dark for 12 hours at a temperature of 25±1° C. and a humidity of 60±5%. Food and water were supplemented sufficiently. The mice were divided into two groups. One was normal control group and the other was high energy group. The normal control group was fed with normal diet, and the high energy group was fed with high energy diet containing 48% dry feeding stuff, 8% corn oil and 44% condensed milk. The mice's body weights were measured every week. The high energy group was further. divided into groups as listed below according treatment: (a) 1× of wood ear, (b) 1× of wood ear combined with GM-020, (c) GM-020, (d) 10× of wood ear, (e) 10× of wood ear combined with GM-020, (f) negative control treated with normal saline, and (g) positive control treated with PPA. The differences in body weight between before and after feeding high energy diet were shown in Table 6, wherein ** represented for p<0.01; a for negative control; b for positive control; c for 1× of wood ear; d for 10× of wood ear; e for GM-020; f for 1× of wood ear combined with GM-020; and g for 10× of wood ear combined with GM-020.
    TABLE 6
    Group Weight (%)
    Normal Control 12.25 ± 1.80
    Negative Control 20.93 ± 2.27
    Positive Control 20.43 ± 1.35
    1 X of wood ear 22.45 ± 1.46
    10 X of wood ear 18.45 ± 1.03
    GM-020 19.23 ± 1.75
    1 X of wood ear combined 21.37 ± 1.05
    with GM-020
    10 X of wood ear combined 22.78 ± 0.67
    with GM-020
    P value 0.000**a,b,c,d,e,f,g
  • The data were analyzed with Kruskal Wallis H Test, and normal control group was taken as a baseline for Dunnett Test. After 4 weeks, the body weight average of the high energy group was significantly higher than that of the normal control group (p<0.01).
  • Treatment with GM-020 and/or wood ear: The normal control group was fed with normal diet continuously. The treatments were administrated twice a day. The dosage of PPA was 4.875 mg each time. In the meal of 1× of wood ear, there was 15.6 mg of wood ear in 3 g diet, and in the meal of 10× of wood ear, there is 156 mg of wood ear in 3 g diet. The dosage of GM-020 was 109 CFU/mL.
  • Body weight difference: After treated for 4 weeks, blood samples were collected from the tails for biochemical assay. The data were analyzed with Kruskal Wallis H Test, and normal control group was taken to as a baseline for Dunnett Test. The results were shown in FIG. 4.
  • After treating for one week, the group of 10× of wood ear combined with GM-020 had a significant decrease in body weight compared with the negative control group. After 2 weeks, the group of positive control, the group of 1× of wood ear combined with GM-020, and the group of 10× of wood ear combined with GM-020 had a significant decrease in body weight compared with the negative control group. After 3 weeks, the group of positive control, the group of 1× of wood ear, the group of GM-020, the group of 1× of wood ear combined with GM-020, and the group of 10× of wood ear combined with GM-020 had a significant decrease in body weight compared with the negative control group. The results demonstrate that GM-020 and wood ear is effective in treating obesity.
  • Differences of lipid tissue weight around the testicle: The mice were sacrificed, and the lipid tissues around the testicle were taken and weighted. The data were analyzed with Kruskal Wallis H Test, and that of the normal control group was taken as a baseline for Dunnett Test. The results were shown in FIG. 5.
  • According to FIG. 5, only the group of positive control and the group 10× of wood ear combined with GM-020 showed a significant decrease compared with the negative control group.
  • Differences of livid tissue weight around the kidney: The mice were sacrificed, and the lipid tissues around the kidney were taken and weighted. The data were analyzed with Kruskal Wallis H Test, and that of the normal control group was taken as a baseline for Dunnett-Test. The results were shown in FIG. 6.
  • According to FIG. 6, the group of 1× of wood ear, the group of 10× of wood ear, the group of 1× wood ear combined with GM-020, and the group of 10× of wood ear combined with GM-020 had a significant decrease compared with negative control group. On the other hand, the group of positive control, the group of GM-020, and the negative control showed little difference.
  • Serum concentration of fat metabolites: Blood samples were collected from the tails for biochemical assay. The blood samples were stayed at room temperature for 1 hour and centrifuged at 2,500 rpm for 10 minutes. The upper layer of serum was taken for assay.
  • The concentration of triacylglycol (TG) of each group was assayed with TRIGLYCERIDES GPO LIQUID REAGENT™ (ASK®, Taiwan) and the absorption was measured with Autoanalyzer Hitachi™ 7150. The concentration of total cholesterol (CHOL) was assayed with CHOLESTEROL LIQUID REAGENT™ (ASK®, Taiwan), and the absorption was measured with Autoanalyzer Hitachi™ 7150. The concentration of HDL-C and LDL-C were assayed according to selectively inhibition method and enzyme determination (Unichem®, Japan) and the absorption was measured with Autoanalyzer Hitachi™ 7150.
  • The data were analyzed with Kruskal Wallis H Test, and that of the normal control group was taken as a baseline for Dunnett Test. The results were shown in Table 7; wherein ** represented for p<0.01; a for negative control; b for positive control; c for 1× of wood ear; d for 10× of wood ear; for GM-020; f for 1× of wood ear combined with GM-020; and g for 10× wood ear combined with GM-020.
    TABLE 7
    Group CHOL TG HDL LDL
    Negative Control 232.00 ± 16.88  86.60 ± 22.40 126.39 ± 7.37 11.21 ± 1.40
    Normal Control 135.80 ± 6.67 120.00 ± 20.35  86.90 ± 3.14  4.22 ± 0.56
    Positive Control 219.08 ± 11.22  75.83 ± 9.93 123.19 ± 4.20 10.04 ± 0.93
     1 X of wood ear 182.50 ± 8.24  82.08 ± 7.32 100.57 ± 3.58 12.39 ± 1.03
    10 X of wood ear 176.83 ± 9.84  63.92 ± 4.62  93.51 ± 6.02  9.74 ± 1.07
    GM-020 204.75 ± 8.90  96.56 ± 10.20 121.64 ± 8.47 14.04 ± 3.10
     1 X of wood ear 190.08 ± 4.85  55.75 ± 4.38 105.38 ± 3.10 10.83 ± 1.51
    combined with GM-020
    10 X of wood ear 164.20 ± 8.64  57.30 ± 4.61  97.93 ± 5.42  8.04 ± 0.94
    combined with GM-020
    P value 0.000**a,c,d,f,g 0.000 0.000**a,c,d,f,g 0.014*a
  • The group of 1× of wood ear combined with GM-020 and the group of 10× of wood ear combined with GM-020 had a lower serum concentration of triacylglycol than the negative control group. On the other hand, the group of 1× of wood ear, the group of 10× of wood ear and the group of GM-020 had a little difference compared with the negative control group. Besides, the group of 1× of wood ear, the group of 10× of wood ear, the group of 1× wood ear combined with GM-020, and the group of 10× of wood ear combined with GM-020 had lower serum concentrations of total cholesterol and HDL-C. As to the concentration of LDL-C, every group except the normal control showed little difference.
  • Liver concentration of fat metabolites: The mice were sacrificed, and the right lobe of liver was taken. The fat was extract according to the conventional method.
  • For each sample, the concentration of triacylglycol (TG) and total cholesterol (CHOL) were assayed as mentioned above.
  • The data were analyzed with Kruskal Wallis H Test, and that of normal control group was taken as a baseline for Dunnett Test. The results were shown in Table 8; wherein ** represented for p<0.01; a for negative control; b for positive control; c for 1× of wood ear; d for 10× of wood ear; e for GM-020; f for 1× of wood ear combined with GM-020; and g for 10× of wood ear combined with GM-020.
    TABLE 8
    Group CHOL TG
    Negative Control 25.75 ± 2.17 135.00 ± 11.92
    Normal Control 21.80 ± 0.58  65.60 ± 6.56
    Positive Control 26.75 ± 1.48 103.58 ± 11.41
    1 X of wood ear 20.75 ± 0.85  85.50 ± 3.76
    10 X of wood ear 22.00 ± 0.72  84.83 ± 8.56
    GM-020 19.44 ± 0.85  88.56 ± 6.41
    1 X of wood ear combined 21.25 ± 0.70  83.25 ± 6.27
    with GM-020
    10 X of wood ear combined 20.90 ± 0.81  77.50 ± 7.82
    with GM-020
    P value 0.000**c,e,f,g 0.004*a,c,d,e,f,g
  • Each of the group of 1× of wood ear, the group of GM-020, the group of 1× of wood ear combined with GM-020, and the group of 10× of wood ear combined with GM-020 had a lower serum concentration of total cholesterol. As to triacylglycol, the group of 1× of wood ear, each of the group of 10× of wood ear, the group of 1× of wood ear combined with GM-020, and the group of 10× wood ear combined with GM-020 had a significant decrease.
  • Liver and kidney function assays. The blood samples were treated as described above.
  • For each sample, the concentration of creatinine was assayed according to Jaffe Reaction method (Unichem®, Japan) and the absorption was measured with Autoanalyzer Hitachi™ 7150. The concentration of GOT was assayed with GOT (ASAT) IFCC mod™. (HUMAN®, Germany) and the absorption was measured with Autoanalyzer Hitachi™ 7150. The concentration of GPT was assayed with GPT (ALAT) IFCC mod™. (HUMAN®, Germany) and the absorption was measured with Autoanalyzer Hitachi™ 7150. The concentration of uric acid (UA) was assayed according to uricase-peroxidase method (Unichem®, Japan) and the absorption was measured with Autoanalyzer Hitachi™ 7150.
  • The data were analyzed with Kruskal Wallis H Test, and that of the normal control group was taken as a baseline for Dunnett Test. The results were shown in Table 9; wherein ** represented for p<0.01; a for negative control; b for positive control; c for 1× of wood ear; d for 10× of wood ear; e for GM-020; f for 1× of wood ear combined with GM-020; and g for 10× of wood ear combined with GM-020.
    TABLE 9
    Group GOT GPT Creatinine UA
    Normal 134.00 ± 23.11 72.67 ± 6.98 0.52 ± 0.04 2.66 ± 0.92
    Control
    Negative  79.20 ± 6.22 49.00 ± 9.18 0.52 ± 0.02 3.90 ± 1.33
    Control
    Positive 117.50 ± 12.95 47.00 ± 6.17 0.56 ± 0.03 2.42 ± 0.50
    Control
    1 X of 107.00 ± 14.77 37.33 ± 2.77 0.47 ± 0.02 5.20 ± 0.91
    wood ear
    10 X of 120.00 ± 15.78 57.42 ± 5.68 0.46 ± 0.02 2.88 ± 0.57
    wood ear
    GM-020 109.67 ± 17.30 36.22 ± 3.05 0.47 ± 0.03 1.96 ± 0.40
    1 X of 150.00 ± 21.71 44.91 ± 3.93 0.45 ± 0.02 2.12 ± 0.48
    wood ear
    combined
    with
    GM-020
    10 X of  76.40 ± 13.5 37.50 ± 3.95 0.39 ± 0.03 2.10 ± 0.36
    wood ear
    combined
    with
    GM-020
    P value 0.072 0.002**b,c,e,f,g 0.002**g 0.006
  • The differences among the results of the groups are not significant. It was evidenced that the indexes of liver and kidney functions were not affected after the treatment of GM-020 and/or wood ear.
    • EXAMPLE 6 GM-020 for Treating Hypercholesterolemia
  • Animal model: Male hamsters were purchased from National Laboratory Animal Center in Taiwan and raised alone in light for 12 hours and in dark for 12 hours at a temperature of 25±1° C. and a humidity of 60±5%. Food and water were supplemented sufficiently. The mice were divided into two groups: one for normal control (NC) group and the other 10 for cholesterol-enriched diet group. The normal control group was fed with normal diet, and the cholesterol-enriched diet group was fed with 2% cholesterol-enriched diet containing 24% protein, 14% fat, 2% cholesterol, 48% carbohydrate, 6% fiber, and 6% mineral and vitamin mixture.
  • Treatment with GM-020: The normal control group was fed with normal diet continuously. The treatments were administrated twice a day. The cholesterol-enriched diet group was further divided into groups as listed below according treatment: (a) L. gasseri, (b) GM-020, (c) L. sporogenes, and (d) negative control (Control) treated with normal saline. The dosage was 109 CFU/mL each time.
  • Serum concentration of fat metabolites: Blood samples were collected from the periorbital veins for biochemical assay before and after the treatment. The blood samples were stayed at room temperature for 1 5 hour and centrifuged at 2,500 rpm for 10 minutes. The upper layer of serum was taken for assay.
  • For each sample, the concentrations of total cholesterol (CHOL), HDL-C, LDL-C, and triacylglycol (TG) were assayed as described above. The data were analyzed with Kruskal Wallis H Test, and that of normal control group was taken as a baseline for Dunnett Test. The differences in fat content between before and after feeding cholesterol-enriched diet were shown in Table 10, wherein * represented for p<0.1; ** for p<0.05; *** for p<0.01; a for negative control; b for L. gasseri; c for GM-020; d for L. sporogenes.
    TABLE 10
    HDL-C_0 HDL-C_4 LDL-C_0 LDL-C_4 CHOL_0 CHOL_4 TG_0 TG_4
    NC 117.6 ± 119.5 ± 105.4 ± 243.6 ± 398.8 ± 485.5 ± 421.0 ± 365.8 ±
    10.8 11.5 8.4 25.2 31.2 70.4 59.9 65.9
    Control 70.5 ± 3.6 64.9 ± 5.0 23.5 ± 1.3 20.8 ± 1.8 104.0 ± 4.1 96.8 ± 5.3 224.0 ± 180.7 ±
    23.1 14.8
    L.gasseri 141.3 ± 103.1 ± 3.8 179.4 ± 211.2 ± 531.6 ± 653.0 ± 585.8 ± 822.6 ±
    10.5 21.2 23.9 32.9 45.1 103.0 59.1
    GM-020 108.8 ± 118.7 ± 8.4 106.9 ± 9.0 136.5 ± 412.0 ± 420.4 ± 483.3 ± 760.5 ±
    14.2 19.8 63.0 53.0 67.5 98.7
    L. 104.9 ± 82.8 ± 3.0 127.1 ± 6.6 202.3 ± 414.5 ± 541.5 ± 439.5 ± 687.8 ±
    sporogenes 23.7 11.6 18.1 51.9 42.0 131.0
    P Value 0.008a** 0.000d*** 0.000a,b*** 0.000a,c*** 0.000a*** 0.000a*** 0.008a** 0.000b,c,d***
  • According to the result, the cholesterol-enriched diet group showed significantly increase of CHOL, HDL-C, LDL-C, and TG after feeding cholesterol-enriched diet for 4 weeks when compared with the normal control group, and the subgroups of the cholesterol-enriched diet showed little difference between each other.
  • As to the TG, all the subgroups of the cholesterol-enriched diet group showed significantly larger than the normal control group after the treatment for 4 weeks.
  • As to CHOL, the groups of L. gasseri, L. sporogenes and negative control showed significantly larger than the normal control group after the treatment for 4 weeks. On the other hand, the GM-020 group showed little increase compared with the normal control. The differences between before (CHOL—0) and after (CHOL—4) treatment were shown in FIG. 7. It was evidenced that GM-020 has an ability to lower serum concentration of total cholesterol.
  • As to HDL-C, the L. sporogenes group showed significantly lower than the normal control group after the treatment for 4 weeks. However, the groups of L. gasseri, GM-020 and negative control showed little difference.
  • As to LDL-C, the serum concentration was shown in FIG. 8. The GM-020 group showed significantly decrease compared with the normal control (p<0.1). Besides, the groups of L. gasseri and L. sporogenes showed significantly (p<0.05) lower than the normal control group after the treatment for 4 weeks (referring to FIG. 9). It was evidenced that GM-020 has an ability to lower serum concentration of total cholesterol.
  • As to LDL-C/HDL/C, the ratio was shown in Table 11 and FIG. 10, wherein * represented for p<0.1; ** for p<0.05; *** for p<0.01; a for negative control; b for L. gasseri; c for GM-020; d for L. sporogenes. The data were analyzed with Kruskal Wallis H Test, and that of the normal control group was taken as a baseline for Dunnett Test.
    TABLE 11
    LDL-C/HDL-C_0 LDL-C/HDL-C_4
    NC 0.98 ± 0.07 2.13 ± 0.47
    Control 0.33 ± 0.02 0.32 ± 0.01
    L gasseri 1.27 ± 0.13 2.08 ± 0.27
    GM-020 0.90 ± 0.13 1.20 ± 0.27
    L. sporogenes 1.46 ± 0.42 2.44 ± 0.14
    P Value 0.003a** 0.000a,c***
  • The GM-020 group showed a significant decrease compared with the normal control (p<0.001). It was evidenced that GM-020 has an ability to lower the value of LDL-C/HDL-C.
  • While embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, various modifications and improvements can be made by persons skilled in the art. It is intended that the present invention is not limited to the particular forms as illustrated, and that all the modifications not departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention are within he scope as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (7)

1-2. (canceled)
3. A method for treating obesity or a complication thereof in a subject comprising: administrating to said subject a composition comprising an isolated microorganism of the strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GM-020, deposited at the China Center for Type Culture Collection under CCTCC No.: CCTCC M 203098.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the composition further comprises Auricularia polytricha.
5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the complication is selected from the group consisting of hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.
6. A method for treating obesity or a complication thereof in a subject comprising administrating to said subject a composition comprising an isolated microorganism of the strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GM-020, deposited at the China Center for Type Culture Collection under CCTCC No.: CCTCC M 203098 and Auricularia polytricha.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the complication is selected from the group consisting of hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, fatty liver, and diabetes mellitus.
8-12. (canceled)
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