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US20050138879A1 - Flat wall panel at least substantially made of cellulose material - Google Patents

Flat wall panel at least substantially made of cellulose material Download PDF

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Publication number
US20050138879A1
US20050138879A1 US10/961,332 US96133204A US2005138879A1 US 20050138879 A1 US20050138879 A1 US 20050138879A1 US 96133204 A US96133204 A US 96133204A US 2005138879 A1 US2005138879 A1 US 2005138879A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
wall panel
layer
panel according
strengthening
rubber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/961,332
Inventor
Wilhelmus Snel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Unda Maris BV
Original Assignee
Unda Maris BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Unda Maris BV filed Critical Unda Maris BV
Assigned to UNDA MARIS B.V. reassignment UNDA MARIS B.V. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SNEL, WILHELMUS JAN REINIER KAREL
Publication of US20050138879A1 publication Critical patent/US20050138879A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/3405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/3405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets
    • E04C2002/3444—Corrugated sheets
    • E04C2002/345—Corrugated sheets with triangular corrugations

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a flat wall panel at least substantially made of cellulose material.
  • the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing said wall panel.
  • Such a wall panel is known from German patent No. 2 026 768.
  • Said patent describes a building that is built up of a great many different construction elements, such as a concrete floor, roof and side wall panels made of an intermediate layer of corrugated cardboard sandwiched between two flat outer layers, as well as cramps and corner elements.
  • the constructional strength of the roof and side wall panels appears to be insufficient to give the building sufficient strength.
  • the object of the invention is to improve the wall panel that is known from the aforesaid German patent publication, in the sense that a wall panel having an optimum constructional stiffness is provided for use as a construction element of a building, as a wall panel in, for example, a separation wall, etc.
  • wall panel is understood to include an element for use in a wall, a floor, a ceiling, a roof, etc.
  • a wall panel of the kind referred to in the introduction is characterized in that the wall panel is at least substantially made of layers of paper/cardboard, each layer at least substantially being made up of a corrugated sublayer and a flat sublayer provided on one side thereof, which layers of paper/cardboard are interconnected via an adhesive applied to the corrugations of the corrugated sublayers, wherein the wall panel is impregnated, in particular with a resinous material, and wherein at least one strengthening layer having a greater elasticity modulus than the layers of paper/cardboard is provided, which strengthening layer is connected to a layer of paper/cardboard on one side of the wall panel via an adhesive.
  • the sum of a number of adhered-together layers of paper/cardboard are connected on at least one flat (outer) side thereof to the less elastic strengthening layer.
  • the constructional stiffness is increased even further by using a strengthening layer having an elasticity modulus greater than or equal to 50 GPA, in particular greater than or equal to 100 GPA, more in particular greater than or equal to 150 GPA, more in particular greater than or equal to 200 GPA, more in particular greater than or equal to 300 GPA, more in particular greater than or equal to 400 GPA.
  • the wall panel comprises two strengthening layers, which are connected to a layer of paper/cardboard on either side of the wall panel via an adhesive.
  • impregnating the wall panel with, for example, a resinous material not only has the advantage of providing a greater constructional stiffness, but also of providing protection against external influences, such as moisture.
  • Said impregnation preferably takes place by means of vapour deposition, spraying or otherwise, said vapour deposition or spraying taking place in a direction parallel to the direction of the “cell structure” of the corrugated paper/cardboard that is used.
  • Said impregnation may also be effected with mechanical means, wherein toothed and/or flat rollers are used for pressing the impregnating medium into the paper/cardboard.
  • the strengthening layer is comprised of a fibre material.
  • the fibre material consists of glass fibres, carbon fibres, mineral fibres and/or synthetic fibres.
  • Said synthetic fibres may e.g. be fibres of the type known under the brand names “Kevlar” or “Twaron”.
  • the strengthening layer comprises a layer of a plastic material.
  • the plastic of said layer of plastic material is preferably selected from the group consisting of PVC-U, PP, PE, ABS, PVC-C and PVDF. It is noted that the above abbreviations relate to the following (plastic) materials.
  • the strengthening layer comprises a layer of rubber.
  • the rubber of said layer of rubber is preferably selected from the group consisting of EPDM or NBR.
  • the strengthening layer is made of a metal, in particular stainless steel or wood.
  • the wall panel is at least substantially made of an even number of layers of paper/cardboard. In combination with the strengthening layer, this provides a plate-shaped material which is hardly deformable, if at all.
  • the wall panel is mirror symmetrical with respect to a central longitudinal plane of the wall panel so as to increase the dimension all stability thereof, so that “warping” is prevented at all times.
  • the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a wall panel according to the specifications of the invention, wherein the wall panel is at least substantially made of layers of paper/cardboard, each layer at least substantially being made up of a corrugated sublayer and a flat sublayer provided on one side thereof, which layers of paper/cardboard are interconnected via an adhesive applied to the corrugations of the corrugated sublayers, wherein the wall panel is impregnated, in particular with a resinous material, and wherein at least one strengthening layer having a greater elasticity modulus than the layers of paper/cardboard is provided, which strengthening layer is connected to a layer of paper/cardboard on one side of the wall panel via an adhesive.
  • paper is usually used for lighter types of paper; in the case of a heavier quality, the term cardboard is frequently used.
  • the terms paper, cardboard and weight are not intended to be limitations as regards the type of material to be used.
  • the aforesaid resinous material with which the wall panel according to the invention is impregnated is preferably an epoxy resin, a polyurethane resin, a polyester resin or a phenol resin. Fire-resistant and/or fire-retarding agents may be added thereto.
  • the resinous material with which the wall panel according to the invention is impregnated also functions as an adhesive for adhering two layers of paper/cardboard together, so that a separate adhesive, such as a glue, is not required.
  • sets consisting of a corrugated sublayer and a flat sublayer provided on one side thereof, which sublayers are already impregnated with the resinous material, can be placed on top of each other so as to be adhered together (after the resinous material has dried).
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic, perspective view of the present wall panel.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic, detail view of the wall panel in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic, exploded view of the wall panel in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 1-3 shows a flat wall panel I according to the invention in the form of a “sandwich”, in the sense that a core 2 built up of several layers of corrugated cardboard is connected on either side to a less elastic strengthening layer 3 of a thin material having an elasticity modulus of about 400 Gpa.
  • corrugated cardboard four layers of corrugated cardboard are provided, which are each built up of corrugated sublayer 4 and a flat sublayer 5 glued to one side thereof, using a glue applied to the corrugations 6 of the corrugated sublayer 4 .
  • the core 2 is impregnated with a resinous material.
  • the strengthening layers 3 are glued to both sides of the core 2 .
  • the wall panel 1 is mirror symmetrical with respect to a central longitudinal plane 7 of the wall panel 1 .
  • the wall panel may exhibit a (slight) curvature, whilst the wall panel may also comprise a curved longitudinal edge.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
  • Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)

Abstract

A flat wall panel at least substantially made of cellulose material, a special feature being the fact that the wall panel is at least substantially made of layers of paper/cardboard, each layer at least substantially being made up of a corrugated sublayer and a flat sublayer provided on one side thereof, which layers of paper/cardboard are interconnected via an adhesive applied to the corrugations of the corrugated sublayers, wherein the wall panel is impregnated, in particular with a resinous material, and wherein at least one strengthening layer having a greater elasticity modulus than the layers of paper/cardboard is provided, which strengthening layer is connected to a layer of paper/cardboard on one side of the wall panel via an adhesive.

Description

    CLAIM OF PRIORITY
  • This application claims priority to the Netherlands Patent Application No. NL 1024505, entitled FLAT WALL PANEL AT LEAST SUBSTANTIALLY MADE OF CELLULOSE MATERIAL, by Snel, filed 10 Oct., 2003, incorporated herein by reference.
    • TECHICAL FIELD
  • The present invention relates to a flat wall panel at least substantially made of cellulose material. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing said wall panel.
    • BACKGROUND
  • Such a wall panel is known from German patent No. 2 026 768. Said patent describes a building that is built up of a great many different construction elements, such as a concrete floor, roof and side wall panels made of an intermediate layer of corrugated cardboard sandwiched between two flat outer layers, as well as cramps and corner elements. In practice, the constructional strength of the roof and side wall panels appears to be insufficient to give the building sufficient strength.
    • SUMMARY
  • The object of the invention is to improve the wall panel that is known from the aforesaid German patent publication, in the sense that a wall panel having an optimum constructional stiffness is provided for use as a construction element of a building, as a wall panel in, for example, a separation wall, etc. It is noted that the term wall panel is understood to include an element for use in a wall, a floor, a ceiling, a roof, etc.
  • According to the invention, a wall panel of the kind referred to in the introduction is characterized in that the wall panel is at least substantially made of layers of paper/cardboard, each layer at least substantially being made up of a corrugated sublayer and a flat sublayer provided on one side thereof, which layers of paper/cardboard are interconnected via an adhesive applied to the corrugations of the corrugated sublayers, wherein the wall panel is impregnated, in particular with a resinous material, and wherein at least one strengthening layer having a greater elasticity modulus than the layers of paper/cardboard is provided, which strengthening layer is connected to a layer of paper/cardboard on one side of the wall panel via an adhesive.
  • In other words, the sum of a number of adhered-together layers of paper/cardboard are connected on at least one flat (outer) side thereof to the less elastic strengthening layer. Experiments have shown that the present construction leads to an unexpectedly great constructional stiffness of the wall panel, so that it is possible to subject the wall panel to large forces without the dimensional stability being affected. The constructional stiffness is increased even further by using a strengthening layer having an elasticity modulus greater than or equal to 50 GPA, in particular greater than or equal to 100 GPA, more in particular greater than or equal to 150 GPA, more in particular greater than or equal to 200 GPA, more in particular greater than or equal to 300 GPA, more in particular greater than or equal to 400 GPA.
  • In a preferred embodiment of a wall panel according to the invention, the wall panel comprises two strengthening layers, which are connected to a layer of paper/cardboard on either side of the wall panel via an adhesive. Thus a sandwich construction is obtained, in which the whole of various adhered-together layers of paper/cardboard is connected to a less elastic strengthening layer on both flat outer sides. The result is an even greater constructional stiffness having a corresponding dimensional stability.
  • It is noted that impregnating the wall panel with, for example, a resinous material not only has the advantage of providing a greater constructional stiffness, but also of providing protection against external influences, such as moisture. As a result of said additional stiffness, fewer layers of corrugated paper/cardboard are in principle needed in order to give the flat panel the required stiffness. Said impregnation preferably takes place by means of vapour deposition, spraying or otherwise, said vapour deposition or spraying taking place in a direction parallel to the direction of the “cell structure” of the corrugated paper/cardboard that is used. Said impregnation may also be effected with mechanical means, wherein toothed and/or flat rollers are used for pressing the impregnating medium into the paper/cardboard.
  • In another preferred embodiment of a wall panel according to the invention, the strengthening layer is comprised of a fibre material. In particular, the fibre material consists of glass fibres, carbon fibres, mineral fibres and/or synthetic fibres. Said synthetic fibres may e.g. be fibres of the type known under the brand names “Kevlar” or “Twaron”.
  • In another preferred embodiment the strengthening layer comprises a layer of a plastic material. The plastic of said layer of plastic material is preferably selected from the group consisting of PVC-U, PP, PE, ABS, PVC-C and PVDF. It is noted that the above abbreviations relate to the following (plastic) materials.
      • PVC-U Polyvinyl chloride (without plasticizer)
      • PP Polypropylene
      • PE Polyethylene
      • ABS Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene
      • PVC-C Polyvinyl chloride (post-chlorinated)
      • PVDF Polyvinylydene fluoride
  • In another preferred embodiment of the wall panel according to the invention, the strengthening layer comprises a layer of rubber. The rubber of said layer of rubber is preferably selected from the group consisting of EPDM or NBR. In another preferred variant, the strengthening layer is made of a metal, in particular stainless steel or wood.
  • In another preferred embodiment of a wall panel according to the invention, the wall panel is at least substantially made of an even number of layers of paper/cardboard. In combination with the strengthening layer, this provides a plate-shaped material which is hardly deformable, if at all. Preferably, the wall panel is mirror symmetrical with respect to a central longitudinal plane of the wall panel so as to increase the dimension all stability thereof, so that “warping” is prevented at all times.
  • The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a wall panel according to the specifications of the invention, wherein the wall panel is at least substantially made of layers of paper/cardboard, each layer at least substantially being made up of a corrugated sublayer and a flat sublayer provided on one side thereof, which layers of paper/cardboard are interconnected via an adhesive applied to the corrugations of the corrugated sublayers, wherein the wall panel is impregnated, in particular with a resinous material, and wherein at least one strengthening layer having a greater elasticity modulus than the layers of paper/cardboard is provided, which strengthening layer is connected to a layer of paper/cardboard on one side of the wall panel via an adhesive.
  • It is noted that the term paper is usually used for lighter types of paper; in the case of a heavier quality, the term cardboard is frequently used. Within the framework of the invention, the terms paper, cardboard and weight are not intended to be limitations as regards the type of material to be used.
  • The aforesaid resinous material with which the wall panel according to the invention is impregnated, is preferably an epoxy resin, a polyurethane resin, a polyester resin or a phenol resin. Fire-resistant and/or fire-retarding agents may be added thereto. Preferably, the resinous material with which the wall panel according to the invention is impregnated also functions as an adhesive for adhering two layers of paper/cardboard together, so that a separate adhesive, such as a glue, is not required. To that end, sets consisting of a corrugated sublayer and a flat sublayer provided on one side thereof, which sublayers are already impregnated with the resinous material, can be placed on top of each other so as to be adhered together (after the resinous material has dried).
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
  • The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to figures illustrating a preferred variant of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic, perspective view of the present wall panel.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic, detail view of the wall panel in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic, exploded view of the wall panel in FIG. 1.
    • DETAILED DESCRIPTION
  • FIG. 1-3 shows a flat wall panel I according to the invention in the form of a “sandwich”, in the sense that a core 2 built up of several layers of corrugated cardboard is connected on either side to a less elastic strengthening layer 3 of a thin material having an elasticity modulus of about 400 Gpa.
  • In this case, four layers of corrugated cardboard are provided, which are each built up of corrugated sublayer 4 and a flat sublayer 5 glued to one side thereof, using a glue applied to the corrugations 6 of the corrugated sublayer 4. The core 2 is impregnated with a resinous material. As already said before, the strengthening layers 3 are glued to both sides of the core 2.
  • The wall panel 1 is mirror symmetrical with respect to a central longitudinal plane 7 of the wall panel 1.
  • It is noted that the invention is not limited to the embodiment as shown in the figures, but that it also extends to other variants that fall within the scope of the appended claims. Thus it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the wall panel may exhibit a (slight) curvature, whilst the wall panel may also comprise a curved longitudinal edge.

Claims (41)

1. A wall panel comprising:
at least one layer including a corrugated sublayer and a flat sub layer wherein flat sublayer is connected with corrugated sublayer; and
wherein the corrugated sublayer(s) and the flat sub layer(s) are composed of paper, cardboard or other material containing a high cellulose content; and
a strengthening layer adhesively connected to the paper/cardboard layer wherein the wall panel is impregnated with resinous material; and
wherein the strengthening layer has a greater elasticity modulus than the paper/cardboard layer.
2. A wall panel according to claim 1, wherein a second strengthening layer is adhesively connected to the paper/cardboard layer thereby sandwiching the paper/cardboard layer between the two strengthening layers.
3. A wall panel according to claim 1 wherein the said strengthening layer is made of wood.
4. A wall panel according to claim 2 wherein the said strengthening layers are made of wood.
5. A wall panel according to claim 1 wherein the said strengthening layer is made of metal.
6. A wall panel according to claim 2 wherein the said strengthening layers are made of metal.
7. A wall panel according to claim 1 wherein the said strengthening layer is made of a fibre material.
8. A wall panel according to claim 2 wherein the said strengthening layers are made of a fibre material.
9. A wall panel according to claim 6 wherein the fibre material is selected from the group of glass fibres, carbon fires, mineral fibres, synthetic fibres.
10. A wall panel according to claim 7 wherein the fibre material is selected from the group of glass fibres, carbon fires, mineral fibres, synthetic fibres.
11. A wall panel according to claim 1, wherein the said strengthening layer includes a layer of plastic material.
12. A wall panel according to claim 2, wherein the said strengthening layer includes a layer of plastic material.
13. A wall panel according to claim 3, wherein the said strengthening layer includes a layer of plastic material.
14. A wall panel according to claim 4, wherein the said strengthening layer includes a layer of plastic material.
15. A wall panel according to claim 5, wherein the said strengthening layer includes a layer of plastic material.
16. A wall panel according to claim 6, wherein the said strengthening layer includes a layer of plastic material.
17. A wall panel according to claim 7, wherein the said strengthening layer includes a layer of plastic material.
18. A wall panel according to claim 8, wherein the said strengthening layer includes a layer of plastic material.
19. A wall panel according to claim 9, wherein the said strengthening layer includes a layer of plastic material.
20. A wall panel according to claim 1, wherein the said strengthening layer includes a layer of rubber.
21. A wall panel according to claim 2, wherein the said strengthening layer includes a layer of rubber.
22. A wall panel according to claim 3, wherein the said strengthening layer includes a layer of rubber.
23. A wall panel according to claim 4, wherein the said strengthening layer includes a layer of rubber.
24. A wall panel according to claim 5, wherein the said strengthening layer includes a layer of rubber.
25. A wall panel according to claim 6, wherein the said strengthening layer includes a layer of rubber.
26. A wall panel according to claim 7, wherein the said strengthening layer includes a layer of rubber.
27. A wall panel according to claim 8, wherein the said strengthening layer includes a layer of rubber.
28. A wall panel according to claim 9, wherein the said strengthening layer includes a layer of rubber.
29. A wall panel according to claim 10, wherein the said strengthening layer includes a layer of rubber.
30. A wall panel according to claim 11, wherein the said strengthening layer includes a layer of rubber.
31. A wall panel according to claim 12, wherein the said strengthening layer includes a layer of rubber.
32. A wall panel according to claim 13, wherein the said strengthening layer includes a layer of rubber.
33. A wall panel according to claim 14, wherein the said strengthening layer includes a layer of rubber.
34. A wall panel according to claim 15, wherein the said strengthening layer includes a layer of rubber.
35. A wall panel according to claim 16, wherein the said strengthening layer includes a layer of rubber.
36. A wall panel according to claim 17, wherein the said strengthening layer includes a layer of rubber.
37. A wall panel according to claim 18, wherein the said strengthening layer includes a layer of rubber.
38. A wall panel according to claim 19, wherein the said strengthening layer includes a layer of rubber
39. A wall panel according to claim 2, wherein the wall panel comprises an even number of layers.
40. A wall panel according to claim 39, wherein the wall panel is mirror symmetrical with respect to a central longitudinal plane of the wall panel.
41. A method for manufacturing the wall panel comprising:
interconnecting layers including a corrugated paper/cardboard sublayer and a flat paper/cardboard sublayer, wherein the layers are interconnected via adhesive applied to the corrugations of the corrugated sublayers,
connecting at least one strengthening layer having a greater elasticity modulus than the layers of paper/cardboard is connected to the paper/cardboard layer via an adhesive, wherein the wall is impregnated with a resinous material.
US10/961,332 2003-10-10 2004-10-08 Flat wall panel at least substantially made of cellulose material Abandoned US20050138879A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1024505 2003-10-10
NL1024505A NL1024505C2 (en) 2003-10-10 2003-10-10 Flat wall panel made from cellulose material, comprises impregnated panel formed from corrugated paper or cardboard layers and reinforcing layer with greater elasticity modulus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20050138879A1 true US20050138879A1 (en) 2005-06-30

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US10/961,332 Abandoned US20050138879A1 (en) 2003-10-10 2004-10-08 Flat wall panel at least substantially made of cellulose material

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US20050138879A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1522648B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE354005T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2484414A1 (en)
DE (1) DE602004004717T2 (en)
NL (1) NL1024505C2 (en)

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US20080053022A1 (en) * 2006-07-13 2008-03-06 Marschke Carl R Hollow core floor and deck element
US20090255205A1 (en) * 2008-03-28 2009-10-15 Robert Noble Engineered Molded Fiberboard Panels and Methods of Making and Using the Same
US20090266005A1 (en) * 2006-06-21 2009-10-29 Wilhelmus Jan Reinier Karel Snel Building accessible to persons
WO2014209548A1 (en) * 2013-06-28 2014-12-31 Noble Environmental Technologies Corporation Composite structural panels and components
US20150049464A1 (en) * 2013-08-13 2015-02-19 Samsung Display Co., Ltd. Backlight unit and display device including the backlight unit
US20150147534A1 (en) * 2013-11-27 2015-05-28 Liberty Diversified International, Inc. Structural batten
US9169644B2 (en) * 2012-05-08 2015-10-27 Koscon Industrial S.A. Transparent structural element for covers
USD808041S1 (en) * 2016-05-13 2018-01-16 Smart Walling Systems Pty Ltd Modular wall panel with integral form work

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DE102013021801B4 (en) * 2013-12-23 2019-10-31 Rainer Köppen Basin for a swimming pool or a pond

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US20090266005A1 (en) * 2006-06-21 2009-10-29 Wilhelmus Jan Reinier Karel Snel Building accessible to persons
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US8936699B2 (en) 2008-03-28 2015-01-20 Noble Environmental Technologies Corporation Engineered molded fiberboard panels and methods of making and using the same
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US9169644B2 (en) * 2012-05-08 2015-10-27 Koscon Industrial S.A. Transparent structural element for covers
WO2014209548A1 (en) * 2013-06-28 2014-12-31 Noble Environmental Technologies Corporation Composite structural panels and components
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CA2484414A1 (en) 2005-04-10
ATE354005T1 (en) 2007-03-15
DE602004004717T2 (en) 2007-11-22
EP1522648A1 (en) 2005-04-13
EP1522648B1 (en) 2007-02-14
NL1024505C2 (en) 2004-10-04
DE602004004717D1 (en) 2007-03-29

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