US20040173595A1

US20040173595A1 - Glow plug

Info

Publication number: US20040173595A1
Application number: US10/786,395
Authority: US
Inventors: Chiaki Kumada; Shunsuke Gotoh
Original assignee: NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd
Current assignee: Niterra Co Ltd
Priority date: 2003-03-03
Filing date: 2004-02-26
Publication date: 2004-09-09
Also published as: EP1455086A1; JP2004263951A; DE602004002416T2; DE602004002416D1; EP1455086B1

Abstract

A glow plug 1 includes a sheathed heater 3 and a metallic shell 2. The sheathed heater 3 is configured such that a resistance wire coil 3 b having a heating coil portion 30 b and an insulating MgO powder 3 d are placed in a sheath 3 a and such that a bar electrode 3 c is inserted into the sheath 3 a. The heating coil portion 30 b is formed of a coil base material 31 b and a coating layer 32 b, which covers the surface of the coil base material 31 b. The coating layer 32 b is formed of Pt, Pd, Rh, or an alloy of two or more of Pt, Pd, and Rh.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a glow plug used, for example, to preheat a diesel engine.

2. Description of the Related Art

A self-control-type glow plug will be described with reference to FIG. 2. A

glow plug

1 is composed substantially of a tubular metallic shell 2 and a sheathed heater 3, which extends axially through the metallic shell 2.

The sheathed

heater

3 is configured as follows: A resistance wire coil 3 b, which consists of a heating coil portion 30 b located on the side toward the distal end of the resistance wire coil 3 b and a control coil portion 300 b located on the side toward the rear end of the resistance wire coil 3 b, and a distal end portion of a bar electrode 3 c are placed in a sheath 3 a made of a heat-resisting metal. The distal end of sheath 3 a is closed in a substantially hemispherical shape and is open at a rearward end thereof. The sheath 3 a is filled with an insulating MgO (magnesium oxide) powder 3 d, and an insulating rubber packing 3 e is interposed between the bar electrode 3 c and the inner surface of an opening portion of the sheath 3 a to thereby seal the opening. The bar electrode 3 c is disposed such that its distal end is located in a longitudinally intermediate portion of the interior of the sheath 3 a and electrically connected to the resistance wire coil 3 b (control coil portion 300 b), whereas its rear end extends along the axis of the metallic shell 2 and projects outward therefrom. The resistance wire coil 3 b (heating coil portion 30 b) is electrically connected to the inner surface of the closed distal end of the sheath 3 a. Accordingly, the bar electrode 3 c and the sheath 3 a are electrically connected together via the resistance wire coil 3 b.

The

resistance wire coil

3 b of the self-control-type glow plug 1 is configured such that the heating coil portion 30 b and the control coil portion 300 b are connected in series. Mainly the heating coil portion 30 b generates heat to cause the distal end of the sheath 3 a to glow, whereas the control coil portion 300 b rapidly increases in electric resistance with temperature to suppress current flowing to the heating coil portion 30 b. As described above, in the resistance wire coil 3 b, the heating coil portion 30 b and the control coil portion 300 b of the resistance wire coil 3 b each has a respective role. A material is selected as appropriate in accordance with these roles. For example, an Fe-Cr alloy or an Ni-Cr alloy, each of which exhibits excellent resistance to oxidation and heat, is used to form the heating coil portion 30 b. Also, so that its electric resistance sensitively reflects a change in temperature, pure Fe or the like, which has a high positive temperature-resistance coefficient, is used to form the control coil portion 300 b (see, for example, Japanese Patent Publication (kokoku) No. 2-59372). In the glow plug of this patent publications, pure Fe is employed as a material for the control coil portion 300 b, and, in order to enhance oxidation resistance of the pure Fe, the surface of an Fe wire is plated with Ni or Cr.

3. Problems to be Solved by the Invention:

A material having excellent resistance to heat and oxidation is selected as a material for the

heating coil portion

30 b. However, when the temperature of the heating coil portion 30 b exceeds 1,000° C., the heating coil portion 30 b formed of such material fails to exhibit the expected durability. For example, in the case where the heating coil portion 30 b is formed of an Fe—Cr—Al alloy, the heating coil portion 30 b must sufficiently endure a temperature of 1,000° C. in terms of resistance to heat and oxidation of the alloy. However, when the heating coil portion 30 b was actually manufactured from the alloy and subjected to a durability test at 1,000° C. (the test method is described below), the test confirmed that the surface of the heating coil portion 30 b melted with resultant breakage of the heating coil portion 3 b. Occurrence of such a phenomenon is unexpected, and the cause is unknown. The present inventors presumed the cause to be that a high temperature in excess of 1,000° C. caused the insulating MgO powder 3 d to react in a certain way with Fe or Ni contained in an alloy used to form the heating coil portion 30 b, resulting in breakage of the heating coil portion 30 b.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a vertical longitudinal view of a glow plug including a partially enlarged view. [0009]
FIG. 2 is a vertical longitudinal view of a conventional glow plug including a partially enlarged view.[0010]
Description of Reference Numerals: [0011]
[0012] 1: glow plug
[0013] 2: metallic shell
[0014] 3: sheathed heater
[0015] 3 a: sheath
[0016] 3 b: resistance wire coil
[0017] 30 b: heating coil portion
[0018] 31 b: coil base material
[0019] 32 b: coating layer
[0020] 3 c: bar electrode
[0021] 3 d: insulating powder

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a glow plug that exhibits excellent durability at high temperature, particularly a high temperature in excess of 1,000° C. [0022]
The above object of the present invention has been achieved by providing a glow plug comprising a sheathed heater and a tubular metallic shell, the sheathed heater comprising a tubular sheath having a closed distal end, a resistance wire coil disposed in the sheath and having at least a heating coil portion, an insulating MgO powder charged in the sheath, and a bar electrode having one end inserted into a rear end of the sheath in a sealed condition, the sheathed heater being inserted into a tubular hole of the metallic shell with a distal end portion of the sheath projecting outward from the metallic shell, wherein the heating coil portion comprises a coil base material and a coating layer, which covers the surface of the coil base material, and the coating layer is formed of Pt, Pd, Rh, or an alloy of two or more of Pt, Pd, and Rh. [0023]
Because a high temperature in excess of 1,000° C. is considered to cause the insulating MgO powder to react in a certain way with Fe or Ni contained in an alloy used to form the heating coil portion, the coil base material of the heating coil portion is coated with a coating layer formed of Pt, Pd, Rh, or an alloy of two or more of Pt, Pd, and Rh so as to prevent direct contact between MgO and the coil base material, thereby yielding a glow plug that exhibits practically sufficient durability even at a high temperature in excess of 1,000° C. [0024]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

An embodiment of the present invention will next be described with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention should not be construed as being limited thereto. FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a glow plug including a partially enlarged view. [0025]
As shown in FIG. 1, a [0026] glow plug 1 is composed substantially of a tubular metallic shell 2 and a sheathed heater 3, which extends axially through the metallic shell 2.
The [0027] sheathed heater 3 is configured as follows. A resistance wire coil 3 b, which consists of a heating coil portion 30 b located on the side toward the distal end of the resistance wire coil 3 b and a control coil portion 300 b located on the side toward the rear end of the resistance wire coil 3 b, and a distal end portion of a bar electrode 3 c are placed in a sheath 3 a made of a heat-resisting metal. The distal end of sheath 3 a is closed in a substantially hemispherical shape and is open at a rearward end thereof. The sheath 3 a is filled with an insulating MgO powder 3 d, and an insulating rubber packing 3 e is interposed between the bar electrode 3 c and the inner surface of an opening portion of the sheath 3 a to thereby seal the opening. The bar electrode 3 c is disposed such that its distal end is located in a longitudinally intermediate portion of the interior of the sheath 3 a and electrically connected to the resistance wire coil 3 b, whereas its rearward end extends along the axis of the metallic shell 2 and projects outward therefrom. The resistance wire coil 3 b is electrically connected to the inner surface of the closed distal end of the sheath 3 a. Accordingly, the bar electrode 3 c and the sheath 3 a are electrically connected together via the resistance wire coil 3 b.
The [0028] resistance wire coil 3 b is configured such that the heating coil portion 30 b and the control coil portion 300 b are connected in series. Mainly the heating coil portion 30 b generates heat to cause the distal end of the sheath 3 a to glow, whereas the control coil portion 300 b suppresses current flow to the heating coil portion 30 b because its electric resistance increases rapidly with temperature. So that the electric resistance of the control coil portion 300 b sensitively reflects a change in temperature, a material having a high positive temperature-resistance coefficient, such as pure Fe or a Co—Ni alloy, is used to form the control coil portion 300 b.
In order to endure high temperature, the [0029] heating coil portion 30 b is configured as follows: an Fe—Cr—Al alloy or an Ni—Cr alloy, which has excellent resistance to oxidation and heat, is used as a coil base material 31 b; and the surface of the coil base material 31 b is coated with a coating layer 32 b. The coating layer 32 b is formed to be thin (preferred range of thickness: 0.2 to 0.5 μm, thickness in this embodiment: 0.3 μm) and uniform, from Pt (platinum), Pd (palladium), Rh (rhodium), or an alloy of two or more of Pt, Pd, and Rh through, for example, plating or vapor deposition. Since these metals used to form the coating layer 32 b have high ductility and malleability, the coating layer 32 b is unlikely to crack even when the resistance wire coil 3 b undergoes a reduction in diameter in the process of swaging the sheath 3 a. Incidentally, when the coating layer 32 b cracks, the coil base material 31 b and the insulating MgO powder 3 d come into contact with each other through the crack, resulting in impaired durability at high temperature.
Durability Test: [0030]

In order to confirm the effect of the present invention, five kinds of sheathed

heaters

3 were fabricated as follows: an Fe—Cr—Al alloy (Fe: 66 wt. %; Cr: 26 wt. %; Al: 8 wt. %) was used as the coil base material 31 b of the heating coil portion 30 b; the control coil portion 300 b was formed of a Co—Ni alloy (Co: 71 wt. %; Ni: 25 wt.%; Fe: 4 wt. %); and the coating layer 32 b of the heating coil portion 30 b was varied as No. 1 (unplated), No. 2 (Ni plating), No. 3 (Pt plating), No. 4 (Rh plating), and No. 5 (Pd plating). By use of the sheathed heaters 3, the glow plugs 1 as shown in FIG. 1 were manufactured and subjected to a durability test. The test results are shown in Table 1. In the durability test, the glow plugs 1 were continuously subjected to test cycles, each cycle consisting of application of 11 Vdc for 10 sec→application of 13 Vdc for 300 sec→OFF for 60 sec. In the durability test, the maximum temperature of the heating coil portion 30 b reached about 1,100° C.

TABLE 1


	Coil base
	material of	Coating	Control	Break-
	heating coil	layer	coil	age of	Performance	Dura-
No.	portion	(plating)	portion	wire	deterioration	bility

1	Fe—Cr—Al	Unplated	Co—Ni	X	X	X
2	Fe—Cr—Al	Ni	Co—Ni	Δ	X	X
3	Fe—Cr—Al	Pt	Co—Ni	◯	◯	◯
4	Fe—Cr—Al	Rh	Co—Ni	◯	◯	◯
5	Fe—Cr—Al	Pd	Co—Ni	◯	◯	◯

In the “Breakage of wire” column of Table 1, “x” denotes that complete wire breakage was observed; “Δ” denotes that an indication of wire breakage was observed; and “o” denotes that no indication of wire breakage was observed. [0032]
The symbol “x” in the “Performance deterioration” column denotes that, after being subjected to a predetermined number of test cycles (5,000 cycles or more), the heating temperature dropped by 100° C. or more as compared with that measured at the beginning of the test. [0033]
The “Durability” column shows an overall evaluation based on the results of “Breakage of wire” and “Performance deterioration.” In the “Durability” column, “x” denotes that a problem exists in terms of durability, and “o” denotes that no problem exists in terms of durability. [0034]
As is apparent from the results shown in Table 1, glow plugs Nos. 3 to 5, which correspond to embodiments of the present invention, exhibited excellent durability as compared with glow plugs Nos. 1 and 2. Notably, in the case of glow plug No. 2, in which the [0035] coil base material 31 b was plated with Ni, deteriorated performance conceivably was the result of alloying of Ni and the coil base material 31 b.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the above embodiment, the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the above embodiment is described while mentioning the self-control-[0036] type glow plug 1; however, the present invention is also applicable to a glow plug that does not include the control coil portion 300 b; e.g., to a glow plug in which the entire resistance wire coil 3 b serves as the heating coil portion 30 b.
The gist of the present invention resides in the structure of the [0037] heating coil portion 30 b. Therefore, no particular limitation is imposed on the structure of the control coil portion 300 b.
Effect of the Invention: [0038]
At high temperatures in excess of 1,000° C., a heating coil portion of a resistance wire coil fails to exhibit expected durability even though a material used to form the heating coil portion has sufficient resistance to heat and oxidation. In studying this phenomenon, the present inventors discovered that by coating a coil base material of the heating coil portion with a coating layer, a glow plug is obtained that exhibits practically sufficient durability even at high temperatures in excess of 1,000° C. Therefore, the present invention is highly useful for implementing a glow plug that exhibits excellent durability at high temperature, particularly at high temperatures in excess of 1,000° C. [0039]
It should further be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail of the invention as shown and described above may be made. It is intended that such changes be included within the spirit and scope of the claims appended hereto. [0040]
This application is based on Japanese Patent Application 2003-055392 filed Mar. 3, 2003, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. [0041]

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A glow plug comprising:

a tubular metallic shell;

a sheathed heater being inserted into a tubular hole of the metallic shell with a distal end portion of the sheath projecting outward from the metallic shell,

wherein the sheathed heater comprises

a tubular sheath having a closed distal end,

a resistance wire coil disposed in the sheath and having at least a heating coil portion,

an insulating MgO powder charged in the sheath, and

a bar electrode having one end inserted into a rear end of the sheath in a sealed condition,

wherein the heating coil portion comprises a coil base material and a coating layer, which covers the surface of the coil base material, and the coating layer comprises at least one metal or metal alloy selected from the group consisting of Pt, Pd, Rh and an alloy of two or more of Pt, Pd and Rh.

2. The glow plug as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coil base material of the heating coil portion comprises an Fe—Cr—Al alloy.

3. The glow plug as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coating layer has a thickness of 0.2 μm to 0.5 μm.

4. The glow plug as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coating layer comprises Pt.