Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
  • C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
  • B21C9/00—Cooling, heating or lubricating drawing material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
  • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
  • B21D22/201—Work-pieces; preparation of the work-pieces, e.g. lubricating, coating
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
  • B21D37/18—Lubricating, e.g. lubricating tool and workpiece simultaneously
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
  • B21J3/00—Lubricating during forging or pressing
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
  • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
  • C10M129/68—Esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
  • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
  • C10M129/68—Esters
  • C10M129/74—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
  • C10M135/20—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides
  • C10M135/22—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
  • C10M159/02—Natural products
  • C10M159/06—Waxes, e.g. ozocerite, ceresine, petrolatum, slack-wax
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M163/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
  • C10M2205/022—Ethene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/14—Synthetic waxes, e.g. polythene waxes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/16—Paraffin waxes; Petrolatum, e.g. slack wax
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/17—Fisher Tropsch reaction products
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/286—Esters of polymerised unsaturated acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
  • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
  • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2219/083—Dibenzyl sulfide
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/24—Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/241—Manufacturing joint-less pipes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/242—Hot working
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/243—Cold working
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
  • C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
  • C10N2040/246—Iron or steel
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
  • C10N2040/247—Stainless steel
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
  • C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2060/00—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition
  • C10N2060/04—Oxidation, e.g. ozonisation

Definitions

• This invention relates to a lubricant mixture which may be used for lubrication between work piece and mould during the non-cutting shaping of metal work pieces. It is particularly suitable for external lubrication in interior high-pressure forming.
• the work piece is subjected to a force, the result of which is the forming of the metal by flow processes.
• these are forming by pressing, cold extrusion, drawing, deep drawing as well as interior high-pressure forming (“IHP”), internationally referred to in English as “hydroforming”.
• IHP interior high-pressure forming
• friction arises between the surface of the work piece and the mould employed, such moulds including for example, mould cavities, punches, drawing moulds, drawing dies or, in the case of IHP, the hollow mould. It is necessary to reduce this friction by using a suitable lubricant or there may be damage to the mould or work piece, for example, through cold welding.
• the lubricant decreases the force and the expenditure of energy which are required for the forming process.
• IHP for which the lubricant according to the invention is particularly suitable, is a forming process whereby hollow metal parts are formed in a mould by means of a liquid medium (“pressure intensifier”).
• a liquid pressure medium is used in order to build up an internal pressure in a hollow-body work piece.
• the pressure may be in the range of about 800 to about 10,000 bar.
• other mechanical forces which bring about additional flow of work piece material into the shaping zone may be used. These additional forces may act in an axial or radial direction and are of the order of about 800 to about 3000 bar.
• IHP is conventionally carried out in the following steps (see D. Brans cited herein supra): 1) the work piece is placed in the mould; 2) the hydraulic cylinder is connected; 3) the interior of the work piece is filled with the pressure medium and then de-aerated; 4) the required internal forming pressure is built up by a pressure intensifier; 5) the internal pressure is increased to “calibration pressure” (for example, up to 8000 bar) when the work piece dimensions approach that of its desired final contours, 6) the work piece fills the cavity of the mould; and subsequently 6) the pressure is decreased and the pressure medium is discharged.
• Disadvantages of these prior art products may include: limitations with regard to their application, requirement for cost-intensive conversion treatment, performance deterioration, contamination of the end product, difficulty of removal at the end of the forming process, particulate-caused blockage of the very fine pressure intensifier filters, and cost-in-use.
• Suitable pressure media include hydraulic oils (use is limited, owing to their compressibility to pressures of below about 1500 bar) and aqueous media based on water-miscible products containing mineral oils or on synthetic solutions, which are also known in the field of cooling lubricants.
• the pressure medium and external lubricant remain separate throughout the forming process.
• the external lubricant may be introduced into the pressure medium, or the external lubricant may become contaminated by the pressure medium. Either of these may cause inadequate lubricating action. Should these or similar events occur, it is desirable that the two media have the capability to rapidly and independently separate from one another. This property allows the possibility for the independent reuse of pressure medium or external lubricant and thereby may reduce production costs.
• the present invention is generally directed to lubricant mixtures and methods of their use.
• the present invention relates in part to a method for lubricating between a mould and a work piece to be formed under high pressure in the mould, comprising contacting the mould and the work piece with a lubricant mixture comprising from about 40% to about 99.6% by weight of the mixture of at least one oil which is liquid at room temperature; and from about 0.4% to about 10% by weight of the mixture of at least one wax.
• the invention also relates in part to a lubricant mixture for use in high-pressure forming of a metal work piece in a mould, comprising from about 40% to about 99.6% by weight of the mixture of at least one oil which is liquid at room temperature; and from about 0.4% to about 10% by weight of the mixture of at least one wax.
• oil refers to a substance which is liquid at room temperature, has a viscosity greater than that of water under identical conditions and is not miscible with water.
• Non-limiting examples include paraffin- or napthene-based mineral oils, natural oils (i.e. vegetable or animal), and synthetic ester oils.
• the oils are mineral oils.
• the oils have a viscosity in the range of 2 to 500 mm 2 /second at 20° C., measured in accordance with DIN 53211.
• the lubricant mixture contains at least about 55% by weight of the mixture, more preferably at least about 60% by weight of the mixture and even more preferably at least about 70% by weight of the mixture of oil.
• wax refers to natural waxes, modified waxes or synthetic waxes.
• Non-limiting examples include montan wax, camauba wax and polyethylene wax.
• the lubricant mixture contains at least about 0.4% wax by weight of the lubricant mixture, and more preferably, at least about 0.6% wax by weight of the mixture.
• the wax content is up to about 5% by weight of the mixture, and more preferably, up to about 3% by weight of the lubricant mixture.
• a mixture of waxes may be used.
• montan wax may be used as a wax mixture with polyethylene wax.
• lubricant additive refers to a high-performance lubricant additive (so-called “EP additives”, after the English term “extreme-pressure additive”), which includes, for example, sulfur- or phosphorus-containing EP additives.
• EP additives include sulfur-containing fatty acid esters, dialkyl trisulfides, dialkyl pentasulfides, for example “di-tert.-dodecyl polysulfide”, which appears to be mainly the trisulfide, and neutralised phosphoric esters.
• fatty acid ester refers to an ester derivative of a long chain fatty acid, the fatty acid portion of the ester having from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms.
• the fatty acid has from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms.
• the fatty acid esters are derived from vegetable or animal sources, esterified with monohydric or polyhydric, preferably polyhydric alcohols having 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
• the polyhydric alcohol component of the ester is glycerol, trimethylolpropane or pentaerythritol, wherein at least one of the alcohol's hydroxy groups is esterified with fatty acid.
• Non-limiting examples include trimethylolpropane trioleate, glycerol tricaprylate and dipentaerythritol fatty acid ester.
• emulsifier refers to a compound having surfactant properties such as, for example, soaps, alkyl sulfates or alkyl sulfonates or alkoxylation products of alcohols, amines and carboxylic acids [alkyl-C( ⁇ O)-OH] having 7 or more carbon atoms in the alkyl group.
• reduced levels of emulsifiers facilitate the separation of co-mingled pressure medium and lubricant mixture of the invention.
• the emulsifier comprises up to about 1% by weight of the lubricant mixture. More preferably the emulsifier comprises up to about 0.5% by weight of the mixture. Even more preferably, the emulsifier comprises up to about 0.1% by weight of the lubricant mixture. In a particularly preferred embodiment, no emulsifiers are intentionally added to the lubricant mixture.
• the invention relates to a method for lubricating between a mould and a work piece to be formed under high pressure in the mould, comprising contacting the mould and the work piece with a lubricant mixture comprising from about 40% to about 99.6% by weight of the mixture of at least one oil which is liquid at room temperature; and from about 0.4% to about 10% by weight of the mixture of at least one wax.
• the lubricant mixture further comprises from about 1% to about 25% by weight of the mixture of at least one fatty acid ester, lubricant additive, or mixture thereof.
• the lubricant mixture of the above method further comprises a mixture of at least one fatty acid ester and at least one lubricant additive.
• the lubricant mixture is a liquid at room temperature. In other preferred embodiments, the lubricant mixture is in the form of a paste at room temperature.
• the lubricant mixture is applied to the interior surface of the mould or to the exterior surface of the work piece by spraying, airless spraying, dipping, roller application or brushing.
• the high-pressure forming of said work piece is effected using a liquid pressure medium. More preferably, the liquid is water-based. More preferably still, upon completion of the high-pressure forming process of the work piece, a phase separation between the lubricant mixture and the pressure medium occurs. Even more preferably, upon completion of the high-pressure forming process of the work piece, at least part of the lubricant mixture is removed from the work piece or the mould with a water-based cleaning medium.
• the invention relates to a method for lubricating between a mould and a work piece to be formed under high pressure in the mould, comprising contacting the mould and the work piece with a lubricant mixture comprising from about 40% to about 84.6% by weight of the mixture of at least one oil which is liquid at room temperature; from about 0.4% to about 10% by weight of the mixture of at least one wax, and from about 1% to about 25% by weight of the mixture of at least one fatty acid ester, lubricant additive, or mixture thereof. More preferably still, the fatty acid ester, lubricant additive, or mixture thereof comprises at least about 15% by weight of the lubricant.
• the lubricant mixture comprises from about 50% to about 84.6% by weight of the mixture of at least one oil which is liquid at room temperature; from about 5% to about 20% by weight of the mixture of at least one fatty acid ester; and from about 5% to about 20% by weight of the mixture of at least one lubricant additive.
• the invention provides a novel lubricant mixture which can be used for external lubrication in IHP as well as for other non-cutting shaping processes.
• the lubricant mixture is readily applied.
• the lubricant mixture is removed from the work piece or mould, at least in part, with a water-based cleaning system.
• the invention provides a pressure medium and a lubricant mixture which, when co-mingled, rapidly separate from each other, and may be independently reused.
• the invention relates to a lubricant mixture for use in high-pressure forming of a metal work piece in a mould, comprising from about 40% to about 99.6% by weight of the mixture of at least one oil which is liquid at room temperature; and from about 0.4% to about 10% by weight of the mixture of at least one wax.
• the lubricant mixture further comprises from about 1% to about 25% by weight of the mixture of at least one fatty acid ester, lubricant additive, or mixture thereof. Even more preferably, the fatty acid ester, lubricant additive, or mixture thereof comprises at least about 15% by weight of the lubricant mixture.
• the waxes are liquefied by the oil when used in the proportions provided herein and improve the lubricating action of the oil, leading to a very low coefficient of friction.
• the oil-wax mixture is readily removed from the surfaces covered with them by means of conventional aqueous cleaning agents.
• the use of the lubricant mixtures herein reduce the risk of clogging the very fine filters associated with the pressure intensifiers.
• the lubricant mixture preferably has a low water content and more preferably is substantially free of water. That is, preferably no water is intentionally added to the lubricant mixture. In practice, however, a limited entry of water cannot always be avoided.
• he lubricant mixture comprises up to about 5 wt. % by weight, preferably up to about 1 wt. % by weight, and more preferably up to about 0.5 wt. % by weight of water in the lubricant mixture.
• the viscosity of the lubricant mixture can be adjusted over a wide range, so that at room temperature (15° C. to 25° C.) the lubricant mixture can be liquid or in the form of a paste. This facilitates the application of the lubricant mixture to the work piece or the mould.
• the viscosity at 20° C. measured in accordance with DIN 53211, may be in the range of 10 to 5000 mM 2 /second, in particular 20 to 2000 mm 2 /second. In this connection, viscosities in the range of 10 to 200 mm 2 /second are preferred for spray applications.
• the lubricant mixture is used preferably for lubrication between work piece and mould during the non-cutting shaping of metal work pieces.
• the lubricant mixture is preferably employed during interior high-pressure forming for the purpose of external lubrication, that is, for lubrication between work piece and mould.
• the coefficient of friction was determined by the so-called cylinder test: A cylinder (diameter: 5 cm, length: 12 cm, material: steel St 35), to which the cooling lubricant is applied (manually, by wiping), is pushed 7.5-12 cm through a tube of equal diameter (tool steel No. 12379) under a pressure of 800 bar. The resulting frictional force Fr is measured as a function of the motion; it correlates linearly with the coefficient of friction.
• Table 2a and Table 2b show the coefficient of friction, measured at half the length of the path.
• a dilute solution of a pressure-side lube was sprayed onto the wax-containing die-side lubes, in order to simulate conditions in practice.
• TABLE 2a Coefficient of friction of lubricant mixtures according to the invention Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex.
• Michem® Lube 160 (camauba wax containing emulsifier, commercial product of the firm of Michelman Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio, USA)

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• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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• Lubricants (AREA)
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• 2001
  • 2001-03-29 DE DE10115696A patent/DE10115696A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2001-10-27 AT AT01125707T patent/ATE294225T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2001-10-27 US US10/473,536 patent/US20040132628A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2001-10-27 CA CA002448053A patent/CA2448053A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 2001-10-27 DE DE50106030T patent/DE50106030D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2001-10-27 WO PCT/EP2001/012462 patent/WO2002079360A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2001-10-27 EP EP01125707A patent/EP1245664B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime

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