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  • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
  • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
  • C07F9/6553—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having sulfur atoms, with or without selenium or tellurium atoms, as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07F9/655345—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having sulfur atoms, with or without selenium or tellurium atoms, as the only ring hetero atoms the sulfur atom being part of a five-membered ring
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• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
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• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
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• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
  • A61P19/08—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease
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  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/12—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for electrolyte homeostasis
  • A61P3/14—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for electrolyte homeostasis for calcium homeostasis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61P5/00—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
  • A61P5/18—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the parathyroid hormones
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C255/00—Carboxylic acid nitriles
  • C07C255/49—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton
  • C07C255/54—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton containing cyano groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the carbon skeleton
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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  • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
  • C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
  • C07F9/08—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
  • C07F9/09—Esters of phosphoric acids
  • C07F9/091—Esters of phosphoric acids with hydroxyalkyl compounds with further substituents on alkyl

Definitions

• the present invention relates to novel calcilytic compounds, compositions containing these compounds and their use as calcium receptor antagonists.
• extracellular Ca 2+ is under rigid homeostatic control and regulates various processes such as blood clotting, nerve and muscle excitability, and proper bone formation.
• Extracellular Ca 2+ inhibits the secretion of parathyroid hormone (“PTH”) from parathyroid cells, inhibits bone resorption by osteoclasts, and stimulates secretion of calcitonin from C-cells.
• PTH parathyroid hormone
• Calcium receptor proteins enable certain specialized cells to respond to changes in extracellular Ca 2+ concentration.
• PTH is the principal endocrine factor regulating Ca 2+ homeostasis in the blood and extracellular fluids. PTH, by acting on bone and kidney cells, increases the level of Ca 2+ in the blood. This increase in extracellular Ca 2+ then acts as a negative feedback signal, depressing PTH secretion. The reciprocal relationship between extracellular Ca 2+ and PTH secretion forms an important mechanism maintaining bodily Ca 2+ homeostasis.
• Extracellular Ca 2+ acts directly on parathyroid cells to regulate PTH secretion.
• the existence of a parathyroid cell surface protein which detects changes in extracellular Ca 2+ has been confirmed. See Brown et al., Nature 366:574, 1993.
• this protein the calcium receptor, acts as a receptor for extracellular Ca 2+ , detects changes in the ion concentration of extracellular Ca 2+ , and initiates a functional cellular response, PTH secretion.
• Extracellular Ca 2+ influences various cell functions, reviewed in Nemeth et al., Cell Calcium 11:319, 1990.
• extracellular Ca 2+ plays a role in parafollicular (C-cells) and parathyroid cells. See Nemeth, Cell Calcium 11:323, 1990.
• the role of extracellular Ca 2+ on bone osteoclasts has also been studied. See Zaidi, Bioscience Reports 10:493, 1990.
• Calcilytics are compounds able to inhibit calcium receptor activity, thereby causing a decrease in one or more calcium receptor activities evoked by extracellular Ca 2+ .
• Calcilytics are useful as lead molecules in the discovery, development, design, modification and/or construction of useful calcium modulators, which are active at Ca 2+ receptors.
• Such calcilytics are useful in the treatment of various disease states characterized by abnormal levels of one or more components, e.g., polypeptides such as hormones, enzymes or growth factors, the expression and/or secretion of which is regulated or affected by activity at one or more Ca 2+ receptors.
• Target diseases or disorders for calcilytic compounds include diseases involving abnormal bone and mineral homeostasis.
• Abnormal calcium homeostasis is characterized by one or more of the following activities: an abnormal increase or decrease in serum calcium; an abnormal increase or decrease in urinary excretion of calcium; an abnormal increase or decrease in bone calcium levels (for example, as assessed by bone mineral density measurements); an abnormal absorption of dietary calcium; an abnormal increase or decrease in the production and/or release of messengers which affect serum calcium levels such as PTH and calcitonin; and an abnormal change in the response elicited by messengers which affect serum calcium levels.
• calcium receptor antagonists offer a unique approach towards the pharmacotherapy of diseases associated with abnormal bone or mineral homeostasis, such as hypoparathyroidism, osteosarcoma, periodontal disease, fracture healing, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, Paget's disease, humoral hypercalcemia associated with malignancy and fracture healing, and osteoporosis.
• the present invention comprises novel calcium receptor antagonists represented by Formula (I) hereinbelow and their use as calcium receptor antagonists in the treatment of a variety of diseases associated with abnormal bone or mineral homeostasis, including but not limited to hypoparathyroidism, osteosarcoma, periodontal disease, fracture healing, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, Paget's disease, humoral hypercalcemia associated with malignancy and fracture healing, and osteoporosis.
• diseases associated with abnormal bone or mineral homeostasis including but not limited to hypoparathyroidism, osteosarcoma, periodontal disease, fracture healing, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, Paget's disease, humoral hypercalcemia associated with malignancy and fracture healing, and osteoporosis.
• the present invention further provides a method for antagonizing calcium receptors in an animal, including humans, which comprises administering to an animal in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), indicated hereinbelow.
• the present invention further provides a method for increasing serum parathyroid levels in an animal, including humans, which comprises administering to an animal in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), indicated herein below.
• A is an aryl or fused aryl, dihydro or tetrahydro fused aryl, heteroaryl or fused heteroaryl, dihydro or tetrahydro fused heteroaryl, unsubstituted or substituted with any substituent being selected from the group consisting of OH, halogen, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, CF 3 , OCF 3 , CN, and NO 2 ;
• D is C or N with up to 2-N in ring, provided that X 1 -X 5 are not present when D is N;
• X 1 and X 5 are, independently, selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, CN, and
• NO 2 provided that either X 1 or X 5 is H; further provided that X 1 and X 5 are not present when D is N;
• X 2 is selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, O—C 1-4 alkyl, and J—K;
• X 3 and X 4 are selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, O—C 1-4 alkyl, L and J—K;
• J is a covalent bond, alkylene, O-alkylene or alkenylene
• K is selected from the group consisting of, CO 2 R 5 , CONR 4 R′ 4 , SO 2 NR 4 R 4 , OH, CHO, NR 4 R′ 4 , NR 4 SO 2 R 4 ′′ and CN; provided that X 2 , X 3 and X 4 are not present when D is N;
• R 4 and R′ 4 are independently H, alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl;
• R 5 is H, alkyl, alkyl-(O-alkyl) m -O-alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl;
• n is an integer from 0 to 4.
• m is an integer from 1 to 3.
• alkyl refers to an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group joined by single carbon-carbon bonds and having 1-20 carbon atoms joined together.
• the alkyl hydrocarbon group may be linear, branched or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated.
• substituents on optionally substituted alkyl are selected from the group consisting of aryl, CO 2 R, CO 2 NHR, OH, OR, CO, NH 2 , halo, CF 3 , OCF 3 and NO 2 , wherein R represents H, C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, C 2-5 alkenyl, C 2-5 alkynyl, heterocycloalkyl, or aryl.
• substituents are selected from F, Cl, Br, I, N, S and O. Preferably, no more than three substituents are present. More preferably, the alkyl has 1-12 carbon atoms and is unsubstituted. Preferably, the alkyl group is linear.
• cycloalkyl refers to optionally substituted 3-7 membered carbocyclic rings wherein any substituents are selected from the group consisting of, F, Cl, Br, I, N(R 4 ) 2 , SR 4 and OR 4 , unless otherwise indicated.
• aryl refers to an optionally substituted aromatic group with at least one ring having a conjugated pi-electron system, containing up to two conjugated or fused ring systems.
• Aryl includes carbocyclic aryl, and biaryl groups, all of which may be optionally substituted.
• Preferred aryl include phenyl and naphthyl. More preferred aryl include phenyl.
• Preferred substituents are selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1-4 alkyl, OCF 3 , CF 3 , OMe, CN, OSO 2 R and NO 2 , wherein R represents C 1-4 alkyl or C 3-6 cycloalkyl.
• heteroaryl refers to an aryl ring containing 1,2 or 3 heteroatoms such as N, S, or O.
• alkenyl refers to an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond and containing up to 5 carbon atoms joined together.
• the alkenyl hydrocarbon chain may be straight, branched or cyclic. Any substituents are selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1-4 alkyl, OCF 3 , CF 3 , OMe, CN, OSO 2 R and NO 2 , wherein R represents C 1-4 alkyl or C 3-6 cycloalkyl.
• alkynyl refers to an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond between the carbon atoms and containing up to 5 carbon atoms joined together.
• the alkynyl hydrocarbon group may be straight-chained, branched or cyclic. Any substituents are selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1-4 alkyl, OCF 3 , CF 3 , OMe, CN, OSO 2 R and NO 2 , wherein R represents
• the compounds of the present invention may contain one or more asymmetric carbon atoms and may exist in racemic and optically active forms. All of these compounds and diastereomers are contemplated to be within the scope of the present invention.
• Preferred compounds of the present inventions include:
• compositions are non-toxic salts in the amounts and concentrations at which they are administered.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include acid addition salts such as those containing sulfate, hydrochloride, fumarate, maleate, phosphate, sulfamate, acetate, citrate, lactate, tartrate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, cyclohexylsulfamate and quinate.
• a preferred salt is a hydrochloride.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be obtained from acids such as hydrochloric acid, maleic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfamic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, malonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, cyclohexylsulfamic acid, fumaric acid, and quinic acid.
• acids such as hydrochloric acid, maleic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfamic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, malonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, cyclohexylsulfamic acid, fumaric acid, and quinic acid.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable salts also include basic addition salts such as those containing benzathine, chloroprocaine, choline, diethanolamine, ethylenediamine, meglumine, procaine, aluminum, calcium, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, ammonium, alkylamine, and zinc, when acidic functional groups, such as carboxylic acid or phenol are present.
• the present invention provides compounds of Formula (I) above, which can be prepared using standard techniques. An overall strategy for preparing preferred compounds described herein can be carried out as described in this section. The examples, which follow, illustrate the synthesis of specific compounds. Using the protocols described herein as a model, one of ordinary skill in the art can readily produce other compounds of the present invention.
• the calcilytic compounds can be administered by different routes including intravenous, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, oral, topical (transdermal), or transmucosal administration.
• oral administration is preferred.
• the compounds can be formulated into conventional oral dosage forms such as capsules, tablets, and liquid preparations such as syrups, elixirs, and concentrated drops.
• injection parenteral administration
• the compounds of the invention are formulated in liquid solutions, preferably, in physiologically compatible buffers or solutions, such as saline solution, Hank's solution, or Ringer's solution.
• the compounds may be formulated in solid form and redissolved or suspended immediately prior to use. Lyophilized forms can also be produced.
• Systemic administration can also be by transmucosal or transdermal means.
• penetrants appropriate to the barrier to be permeated are used in the formulation.
• penetrants are generally known in the art, and include, for example, for transmucosal administration, bile salts and fusidic acid derivatives.
• detergents may be used to facilitate permeation.
• Transmucosal administration for example, may be through nasal sprays, rectal suppositories, or vaginal suppositories.
• the compounds of the invention can be formulated into ointments, salves, gels, or creams, as is generally known in the art.
• the amounts of various calcilytic compounds to be administered can be determined by standard procedures taking into account factors such as the compound IC 50 , EC 50 , the biological half-life of the compound, the age, size and weight of the patient, and the disease or disorder associated with the patient. The importance of these and other factors to be considered are known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
• Amounts administered also depend on the routes of administration and the degree of oral bioavailability. For example, for compounds with low oral bioavailability, relatively higher doses will have to be administered.
• the composition is in unit dosage form.
• a tablet, or capsule may be administered, for nasal application, a metered aerosol dose may be administered, for transdermal application, a topical formulation or patch may be administered and for transmucosal delivery, a buccal patch may be administered.
• dosing is such that the patient may administer a single dose.
• Each dosage unit for oral administration contains suitably from 0.01 to 500 mg/Kg, and preferably from 0.1 to 50 mg/Kg, of a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, calculated as the free base.
• the daily dosage for parenteral, nasal, oral inhalation, transmucosal or transdermal routes contains suitably from 0.01 mg to 100 mg/Kg, of a compound of Formula (I).
• a topical formulation contains suitably 0.01 to 5.0% of a compound of Formula (I).
• the active ingredient may be administered, for example, from 1 to 6 times per day, preferably once, sufficient to exhibit the desired activity, as is readily apparent to one skilled in the art.
• treatment includes, but is not limited to prevention, retardation and prophylaxis of the disease.
• Diseases and disorders which might be treated or prevented, based upon the affected cells include bone and mineral-related diseases or disorders; hypoparathyroidism; those of the central nervous system such as seizures, stroke, head trauma, spinal cord injury, hypoxia-induced nerve cell damage, such as occurs in cardiac arrest or neonatal distress, epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and Parkinson's disease, dementia, muscle tension, depression, anxiety, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and Tourette's syndrome; diseases involving excess water reabsorption by the kidney, such as syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH), cirrhosis, congestive heart failure, and nephrosis; hypertension; preventing and/or decreasing renal toxicity from cationic antibiotics (e.g., aminoglycoside antibiotics); gut motility disorders such as diarrhea and spastic colon; GI ulcer diseases; GI diseases with excessive calcium absorption
• the present compounds are used to increase serum parathyroid hormone (“PTH”) levels.
• PTH serum parathyroid hormone
• Increasing serum PTH levels can be helpful in treating diseases such as hypoparathyroidism, osteosarcoma, periodontal disease, fracture, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, Paget's disease, humoral hypercalcemia malignancy and osteoporosis.
• the present compounds are co-administered with an anti-resorptive agent.
• agents include, but are not limited estrogen, 1, 25 (OH) 2 vitamin D3, calcitonin, selective estrogen receptor modulators, vitronectin receptor antagonists, V-H+-ATPase inhibitors, src SH2 antagonists, bisphosphonates and cathepsin K inhibitors.
• Another aspect of the present invention describes a method of treating a patient comprising administering to the patient an amount of a present compound sufficient to increase the serum PTH level.
• the method is carried out by administering an amount of the compound effective to cause an increase in duration and/or quantity of serum PTH level sufficient to have a therapeutic effect.
• the compound administered to a patient causes an increase in serum PTH having a duration of up to one hour, about one to about twenty-four hours, about one to about twelve hours, about one to about six hours, about one to about five hours, about one to about four hours, about two to about five hours, about two to about four hours, or about three to about six hours.
• the compound administered to a patient causes an increase in serum PTH having a duration of more than about twenty four hours provided that it is co-administered with an anti resorptive agent.
• the compound administered to a patient causes an increase in serum PTH of up to two fold, two to five fold, five to ten fold, and at least 10 fold, greater than peak serum PTH in the patient.
• the peak serum level is measured with respect to a patient not undergoing treatment.
• Composition of Formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, which are active when given orally, can be formulated as syrups, tablets, capsules and lozenges.
• a syrup formulation will generally consist of a suspension or solution of the compound or salt in a liquid carrier for example, ethanol, peanut oil, olive oil, glycerine or water with a flavoring or coloring agent.
• a liquid carrier for example, ethanol, peanut oil, olive oil, glycerine or water with a flavoring or coloring agent.
• any pharmaceutical carrier routinely used for preparing solid formulations may be used. Examples of such carriers include magnesium stearate, terra alba, talc, gelatin, acacia, stearic acid, starch, lactose and sucrose.
• composition is in the form of a capsule
• any routine encapsulation is suitable, for example using the aforementioned carriers in a hard gelatin capsule shell.
• composition is in the form of a soft gelatin shell capsule
• any pharmaceutical carrier routinely used for preparing dispersions or suspensions may be considered, for example aqueous gums, celluloses, silicates or oils, and are incorporated in a soft gelatin capsule shell.
• Typical parenteral compositions consist of a solution or suspension of a compound or salt in a sterile aqueous or non-aqueous carrier optionally containing parenterally acceptable oil, for example polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, lecithin, arachis oil or sesame oil.
• parenterally acceptable oil for example polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, lecithin, arachis oil or sesame oil.
• compositions for inhalation are in the form of a solution, suspension or emulsion that may be administered as a dry powder or in the form of an aerosol using a conventional propellant such as dichlorodifluoromethane or trichlorofluoromethane.
• a typical suppository formulation comprises a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof which is active when administered in this way, with a binding and/or lubricating agent, for example polymeric glycols, gelatins, cocoa-butter or other low melting vegetable waxes or fats or their synthetic analogs.
• a binding and/or lubricating agent for example polymeric glycols, gelatins, cocoa-butter or other low melting vegetable waxes or fats or their synthetic analogs.
• Typical dermal and transdermal formulations comprise a conventional aqueous or non-aqueous vehicle, for example a cream, ointment, lotion or paste or are in the form of a medicated plaster, patch or membrane.
• the composition is in unit dosage form, for example a tablet, capsule or metered aerosol dose, so that the patient may administer a single dose.
• Calcilytic activity was measured by determining the IC 50 of the test compound for blocking increases of intracellular Ca 2+ elicited by extracellular Ca 2+ in HEK 293 4.0-7 cells stably expressing the human calcium receptor.
• HEK 293 4.0-7 cells were constructed as described by Rogers et al., J. Bone Miner. Res. 10 Suppl. 1:S483, 1995 (hereby incorporated by reference herein).
• Intracellular Ca 2+ increases were elicited by increasing extracellular Ca 2+ from 1 to 1.75 mM.
• Intracellular Ca 2+ was measured using fluo-3, a fluorescent calcium indicator.
• Sulfate- and phosphate-free parathyroid cell buffer contains 20 mM Na-Hepes, pH 7.4, 126 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, and 1 mM MgCl 2 .
• SPF-PCB was made up and stored at 4° C. On the day of use, SPF-PCB was supplemented with 1 mg/mL of D-glucose and 1 mM CaCl 2 and then split into two fractions. To one fraction, bovine serum albumin (BSA; fraction V, ICN) was added at 5 mg/mL (SPF-PCB+). This buffer was used for washing, loading and maintaining the cells. The BSA-free fraction was used for diluting the cells in the cuvette for measurements of fluorescence.
• BSA bovine serum albumin
• test compound or vehicle as a control
• Calcilytic compounds were detected by their ability to block, in a concentration-dependent manner, increases in the concentration of intracellular Ca 2+ elicited by extracellular Ca 2+ .
• those compounds having lower IC 50 values in the Calcium Receptor Ihhibitor Assay are more preferred compounds.
• Compounds having an IC 50 greater than 50 uM were considered to be inactive.
• Preferred compounds are those having an IC 50 of 10 uM or lower, more preferred compounds have an IC 50 of 1 uM, and most preferred compounds have an IC 50 of 0.1 uM or lower.
• HEK 293 4.0-7 cells stably transfected with the Human Parathyroid Calcium Receptor (“HuPCaR”) were scaled up in T180 tissue culture flasks.
• Plasma membrane is obtained by polytron homogenization or glass douncing in buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4, 1 mM EDTA, 3 mM MgCl2) in the presence of a protease inhibitor cocktail containing 1 uM Leupeptin, 0.04 uM Pepstatin, and 1 mM PMSF. Aliquoted membrane was snap frozen and stored at ⁇ 80° C. 3 H labeled compound was radiolabeled to a radiospecific activity of 44 Ci/mmole and was aliquoted and stored in liquid nitrogen for radiochemical stability.
• a typical reaction mixture contains 2 nM 3 H compound ((R,R)-N-4′-Methoxy-t-3-3′-methyl-1′-ethylphenyl-1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine), or 3 H compound (R)-N-[2-Hydroxy-3-(3chloro-2-cyanophenoxy)propyl]-1,1-dimethyl-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethylamine 4-10 ug membrane in homogenization buffer containing 0.1% gelatin and 10% EtOH in a reaction volume of 0.5 mL. Incubation is performed in 12 ⁇ 75 polyethylene tubes in an ice water bath.
• Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were recorded at either 250 or 400 MHz using, respectively, a Bruker AM 250 or Bruker AC 400 spectrometer.
• CDCl 3 is deuteriochloroform
• DMSO-d 6 is hexadeuteriodimethylsulfoxide
• CD 3 OD is tetradeuteriomethanol. Chemical shifts are reported in parts per million (•) downfield from the internal standard tetramethylsilane.
• Continuous wave infrared (IR) spectra were recorded on a Perkin-Elmer 683 infrared spectrometer, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were recorded on a Nicolet Impact 400 D infrared spectrometer. IR and FTIR spectra were recorded in transmission mode, and band positions are reported in inverse wavenumbers (cm ⁇ 1 ).
• Mass spectra were taken on either VG 70 FE, PE Syx API III, or VG ZAB HF instruments, using fast atom bombardment (FAB) or electrospray (ES) ionization techniques. Elemental analyses were obtained using a Perkin-Elmer 240C elemental analyzer. Melting points were taken on a Thomas-Hoover melting point apparatus and are uncorrected. All temperatures are reported in degrees Celsius.
• YMC ODS-AQ® is an ODS chromatographic support and is a registered trademark of YMC Co. Ltd., Kyoto, Japan.
• PRP-1® is a polymeric (styrene-divinylbenzene) chromatographic support, and is a registered trademark of Hamilton Co., Reno, Nev.)
• Celite® is a filter aid composed of acid-washed diatomaceous silica, and is a registered trademark of Manville Corp., Denver, Colo.
• Example 5(a) (3.0 g, 1.52 mmol), p-carboxylbenzene boronic acid (3.02 g, 1.82 mmol), (Ph 3 P) 4 Pd (0.88 g, 0.76.mmol), and 2M Na 2 CO 3 (38 mL, 7.6 mmole) in toluene/EtOH (60 mL, 4:1) was heated at reflux in 24 h. The mixture was cooled, and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with ether (discarded), acidified with 6N HCl.
• Example 5(b) (0.71 g, 2.7 mmol), potassium carbonate (0.73 g, 5.3 mmol), and R-glycidyl-3-nitrobenzenesulfonate (0.73 g, 2.8 mmol) in acetone (30 mL) was heated at relux in 24 h. The mixture was cooled, concentrated, taken up in H 2 O, extracted with EtOAc. The organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over MgSO 4 , concentrated to afford the above titled compound as an off white solid (0.7 g, 82%).

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (8)

Cited By (3)

Families Citing this family (4)

Family Cites Families (8)

• 2001
  • 2001-10-25 AT AT01988571T patent/ATE343390T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2001-10-25 EP EP01988571A patent/EP1383511B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2001-10-25 ES ES01988571T patent/ES2273909T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2001-10-25 US US10/415,118 patent/US20040014723A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2001-10-25 AU AU2002230579A patent/AU2002230579A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2001-10-25 WO PCT/US2001/046233 patent/WO2002034204A2/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2001-10-25 JP JP2002537258A patent/JP2004514659A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2001-10-25 DE DE60124148T patent/DE60124148T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime

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