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US20030161973A1 - Composite, method for producing a product from a composite, and method for producing a shaped body from a composite - Google Patents

Composite, method for producing a product from a composite, and method for producing a shaped body from a composite Download PDF

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Publication number
US20030161973A1
US20030161973A1 US10/297,325 US29732503A US2003161973A1 US 20030161973 A1 US20030161973 A1 US 20030161973A1 US 29732503 A US29732503 A US 29732503A US 2003161973 A1 US2003161973 A1 US 2003161973A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
bast fiber
fiber plants
composite
comminuted
several
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/297,325
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English (en)
Inventor
Nikolai Strub
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schmermund Verpackungstechnik GmbH
Original Assignee
Schmermund Verpackungstechnik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schmermund Verpackungstechnik GmbH filed Critical Schmermund Verpackungstechnik GmbH
Assigned to SCHMERMUND VERPACKUNGSTECHNIK GMBH reassignment SCHMERMUND VERPACKUNGSTECHNIK GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: STRUB, NIKOLAI
Publication of US20030161973A1 publication Critical patent/US20030161973A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/04Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
    • C08J5/045Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with vegetable or animal fibrous material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a composite for producing shaped bodies, said composite comprising at least one binding agent, at least one filler and at least one reinforcing agent.
  • the invention furthermore relates to a method for producing a product from a composite, as well as a method for producing a shaped body from a corresponding composite.
  • plastic materials for high-quality applications are either polymerized in a synthetically involved technique or up to 40% glass, coal or aramide fibers are mixed into a low-quality polymer matrix as reinforcement. A high amount of energy is required to produce such fibers.
  • already macerated natural fibers such as flax or sisal are presently worked into synthetic material matrices to create a substitute for glass fibers. However, no replacement has been found so far for glass fibers with respect to strength.
  • This object is solved with a composite for producing shaped bodies, which contains at least one binding agent, at least one filler, and at least one reinforcing agent.
  • the composite is modified in that the at least one filler and the at least one reinforcing agent are comminuted bast fiber plants and/or whole bast fiber plants.
  • composite in particular also comprises the term “composite material.”
  • filler and reinforcing agent are comminuted bast fiber plants, which for the most part are not macerated but only cut up.
  • a preferred composite in particular is modified in that the bast fiber plants and/or the comminuted bast fiber plants are essentially present in the natural composition of the plant components. Normally, the plant components (wood, fibers) are present as a unit, separated, macerated or still in part adhering to each other. When cutting up the bast fiber plants, a partial or complete separation between wood (shives 1 ) and fibers can occur, which indeed can also have advantages.
  • shives in this connection refers to parts of the comminuted, lignified inside portion of the plant stem.
  • the comminuted bast fiber plants comprise few shives that are separated and/or partially separated from the bast fibers.
  • a natural composition of the plant components is understood to mean that these still exist in the same quantitative composition as in nature.
  • the bast fiber plants and/or the comminuted bast fiber plants are preferably dried.
  • the bast fiber plants and/or the comminuted bast fiber plants are furthermore preferably hemp, flax, kenaf, stinging nettle and/or toad flax.
  • the dried and comminuted and/or cut bast fiber plants preferably used as filler and reinforcing agents, have a considerably higher tensile strength than other natural fibers in the natural composition of the plant components and are thus predestined for use in technologically high-quality composite polymers.
  • the fiber portion in this case functions as reinforcing agent and the shive portion essentially as the filler.
  • the binding agent preferably includes synthetic and/or native monomers and/or polymers.
  • the term native within the framework of this invention in particular also means biogenic.
  • a native and/or biogenic monomer is lactic acid, for example, a breakdown product of the fermentation process.
  • Native and/or biogenic polymers for example, include plant starches from the family of polysaccharides, as well as lignin or even keratin from the family of animal proteins.
  • the biogenic and/or native polymers or monomers can also include other known materials.
  • Synthetic polymers for example, are polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and other polymers.
  • the polymers are preferably thermoplastic and function as plastic matrix.
  • the synthetic polymers are preferably produced from petrochemical base materials.
  • Additives are preferably provided and include, for example, bonding agents between the at least one filler and the at least one reinforcing agent and the matrix and/or the binding agent. Particularly suitable are additives that reduce, in particular, the combustibility and breakdown ability of the bast fiber plants and/or the comminuted bast fiber plants and/or the composites.
  • a binding agent in particular also refers to a matrix.
  • the reinforcing agents and the fillers are essentially enclosed completely by the binding agents and are fixated at their location.
  • the at least one filler and the at least one reinforcing agent are essentially combined, in particular in the natural form, thus making it possible to realize an especially cost-effective composite.
  • the composite can be foamed up if it contains at least one expanding agent, e.g. for producing insulating materials.
  • the effect of the expanding agent preferably is either chemical and/or physical.
  • a preferred example of a chemically effective expanding agent is a foam-producing material or, for example, sodium bicarbonate (baking powder).
  • a physically effective expanding agent for example, is water or CO 2 .
  • the at least one filler and/or the at least one reinforcing agent preferably functions as carrier for at least one expanding agent and/or at least one foaming agent.
  • Water that is already present in the plants and/or plant parts or is additionally added and causes a foaming of the matrix and/or the binding agent at processing temperatures above 100° C. is particularly suitable for this. Insulation materials can thus be produced easily and cheaply while using safe expanding agents.
  • the moisture content of the plant parts can vary, for example between 3% and 40% for hemp. Following a normal drying process, the plant parts generally contain approximately 12% residual moisture.
  • the aforementioned plants and plant parts furthermore have the advantage of causing low wear on the respective production machines as compared to the use of synthetic fibers, thus extending the service life of compounding and production machines.
  • the processing of natural fibers does not pose a health threat, in contrast to the processing of glass fibers, so that fewer protective measures are required.
  • the composite is preferably produced by means of extrusion, injection-molding and/or strand-depositing.
  • a method for producing a product, in particular a granulate, from an aforementioned composite preferably includes the following steps:
  • the granulating can also be realized after the complete solidification of the material by cutting the extruded product.
  • the material is processed further with the following steps:
  • the bast fiber plants or the comminuted bast fiber plants are added or following this process, they are preferably stirred and/or mixed into the melted binding agent.
  • the bast fiber plants and/or the comminuted bast fiber plants are preferably added before the at least one binding agent is melted. It is preferable if the comminuted bast fiber plants are comminuted in such a way that pieces measuring up to 3 mm result.
  • the mixture consisting of at least one binding agent and the bast fiber plants and/or the comminuted bast fiber plants is preferably heated up, such that at least one expanding agent is triggered to expand.
  • the mixture and in particular the binding agent foams up.
  • An insulating material, for example, can thus be produced easily with this measure.
  • a particularly easy and cheap method of foaming up is provided if the temperature is preferably at 100° C. or higher and the expanding agent is water, which is present in the bast fiber plants or the comminuted bast fiber plants and/or in the filler and/or the reinforcing agent or which is added.
  • the bast fiber plants and/or the comminuted bast fiber plants are preferably dried before they are added and/or supplied to the binding agent.
  • the bast fiber plants and/or the comminuted bast fiber plants are furthermore enriched with water and/or another expanding agent before being added to the binding agent.
  • An expanding agent can additionally or alternatively be added to the binding agent before or after the comminuted bast fiber plants are added. As a result of this measure according to the invention, the foaming effect can be increased.
  • An additional method for producing a shaped body from a composite preferably comprises the following steps:
  • Insulating materials and sound insulating and/or heat-insulating shaped bodies can be produced easily if the mixture preferably is heated up enough, so that at least one expanding agent is triggered to expand.
  • the temperature preferably is at 100° C. or higher and the expanding agent preferably is water that is present in the bast fiber plants or the comminuted bast fiber plants or in the filler and/or the reinforcing agent, or which is added.
  • the bast fiber plants and/or the comminuted bast fiber plants are preferably dried prior to being mixed into the at least one binding agent.
  • the bast fiber plants and/or the comminuted bast fiber plants are furthermore enriched with water and/or at least one additional expanding agent before being mixed into the binding agent.
  • an expanding agent can be added to the binding agent before or after the addition of the comminuted bast fiber plants.
  • the foaming effect can be increased as a result of this measure according to the invention. Thus, a higher foaming effect can be achieved with this preferred embodiment of the method.
  • a shaped body preferably consists at least in part of a composite of the type described in the above and/or is preferably produced according to one of the above-described methods.
  • Long bast fiber plant sections have an advantage with shaped bodies in the form of slabs.
  • Thermoplastics filled with bast fiber plants for example in the form of slab goods or semi-finished products, can be used for producing windowsills or similar items.
  • Shaped bodies of this type show hardly any swelling caused by the effects of water.
  • Shaped bodies that can be produced include, for example, wall reinforcements, floor stabilizers and slope stabilizers, floor plates with raised areas having non-skid top surfaces and provided, for example, with an anchor at the bottom as well as posts, meadow fences or garden fences, planters, poles for growing plants, manhole and pipe covers, outer shells for waste baskets, feed troughs, leakage basins, dog houses, raised seats, log-type play houses, climbing towers, garden furniture, park benches and the like.
  • corresponding shaped bodies are also suitable for use as viewing and noise protection walls.
  • the correspondingly produced shaped bodies can be used in road construction and as structural components for securing the slope and embankment area. As previously indicated, they can function as insulating materials or as large-dimension injection-molded articles, for example surfboards, boogie boards or similar items.
  • a device disclosed in WO 00/14312 can be used for comminuting the fiber plants.
  • the fiber plant material is not compressed or broken up with this method, but is only cut to the desired length.
  • the fiber plant material is transferred to a receiving chute, meaning a receiving chute of a tobacco cutter known in the tobacco-processing industry, and is conveyed to an orifice. There, it is cut into sections having a desired length with the aid of a cutting device, provided with rotating or linearly moving blades.
  • the fiber components as well as the wood and shive components preferably are not further processed and separated.
  • Bast fiber plant sections measuring from 0.1 to 150 mm, in particular from 2 mm to 50 mm, are preferably provided. With the preferred injection-molding process, fiber sections of 2 mm are used, wherein the share of fibers used can reach up to 40%.
  • Preferred matrix materials and/or binding materials used are polyethylene with a high density (PE-HD), polypropylene homopolymer (PP), polystyrene (PS) and starch (MaterBi 2 , Y-type 3 ).

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
US10/297,325 2000-06-05 2001-05-19 Composite, method for producing a product from a composite, and method for producing a shaped body from a composite Abandoned US20030161973A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10027297A DE10027297A1 (de) 2000-06-05 2000-06-05 Verbundstoff, Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Produkts aus einem Verbundstoff und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Formkörpers aus einem Verbundstoff
DE100-27-297.5 2000-06-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20030161973A1 true US20030161973A1 (en) 2003-08-28

Family

ID=7644416

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/297,325 Abandoned US20030161973A1 (en) 2000-06-05 2001-05-19 Composite, method for producing a product from a composite, and method for producing a shaped body from a composite

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20030161973A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1290066A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2001262302A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE10027297A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001094449A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060065681A1 (en) * 2004-09-24 2006-03-30 Chi-Yee Yeh Paper-made cloth hanger
WO2007131298A1 (fr) * 2006-05-17 2007-11-22 Ausplaztik Pty Ltd Composition en matière plastique recyclée

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1321264B1 (fr) * 2001-12-17 2006-07-19 HB-Feinmechanik GmbH & Co.KG Procédé de production de granulés
DE102006010354B4 (de) * 2006-03-07 2011-02-17 MöllerTech GmbH Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Ausgangsmaterials für einen Schäumprozess in Form eines Kunststoffgranulats sowie Verfahren zum Herstellen eines geschäumten Artikels
DE102007051939A1 (de) * 2007-10-29 2009-04-30 Achim Koenes Verfahren zur Herstellung von Transportpaletten aus Kunststoff
DE102008046770A1 (de) * 2008-09-11 2010-03-18 Polytec Automotive Gmbh & Co. Kg Direktcompoundieren von Naturfasern
GB2491604A (en) * 2011-06-07 2012-12-12 Coca Cola Co Natural Fibre Material

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5231121A (en) * 1991-02-02 1993-07-27 Huls Aktiengesellschaft Natural fiber containing molding compounds based on unsaturated polyester resins, and molded bodies obtained from the molding compounds
US5663216A (en) * 1993-07-28 1997-09-02 Bio-Tec Biologische Naturverpackungen Gmbh Reinforced biodegradable polymer
US5827905A (en) * 1995-09-26 1998-10-27 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Biodegradable plastics filled with reinforcing materials
US5922379A (en) * 1998-05-05 1999-07-13 Natural Polymer International Corporation Biodegradable protein/starch-based thermoplastic composition

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS57108161A (en) * 1980-12-24 1982-07-06 Iwao Hishida Composite resin composition
JPS644652A (en) * 1987-06-26 1989-01-09 Nanba Press Kogyo Kk Sisal-hemp-reinforced composite thermoplastic composition
DE4408855B4 (de) * 1994-03-16 2007-05-10 Emda Foundation For Development Aid Acp-Eec Asbl Faserverstärkter, zelliger Kunststoff und Verwendung desselben
EP0687711B1 (fr) * 1994-06-16 2002-08-07 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Matériau composite fibreux et procédé pour le produire
DE19517763C2 (de) * 1995-05-15 2003-06-05 Rhodia Acetow Gmbh Formkörper aus Verbundmaterial auf der Basis von Celluloseacetat und verstärkenden natürlichen Cellulosefasern und dessen Verwendung
ES2130085B1 (es) * 1997-09-19 2000-03-01 Irausa Ing Sa Material compuesto cargado/reforzado con fibras agro-vegetales.
DE19815783A1 (de) * 1998-04-08 1999-10-14 Schock & Co Gmbh Faserverstärkter Kunststofformkörper

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5231121A (en) * 1991-02-02 1993-07-27 Huls Aktiengesellschaft Natural fiber containing molding compounds based on unsaturated polyester resins, and molded bodies obtained from the molding compounds
US5663216A (en) * 1993-07-28 1997-09-02 Bio-Tec Biologische Naturverpackungen Gmbh Reinforced biodegradable polymer
US5827905A (en) * 1995-09-26 1998-10-27 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Biodegradable plastics filled with reinforcing materials
US5922379A (en) * 1998-05-05 1999-07-13 Natural Polymer International Corporation Biodegradable protein/starch-based thermoplastic composition

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060065681A1 (en) * 2004-09-24 2006-03-30 Chi-Yee Yeh Paper-made cloth hanger
US7311230B2 (en) * 2004-09-24 2007-12-25 Chi-Yee Yeh Paper-made cloth hanger
WO2007131298A1 (fr) * 2006-05-17 2007-11-22 Ausplaztik Pty Ltd Composition en matière plastique recyclée
US20090258957A1 (en) * 2006-05-17 2009-10-15 Ausplaztik Pty Ltd Recycled Plastic Composition

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2001262302A1 (en) 2001-12-17
DE10027297A1 (de) 2001-12-06
EP1290066A1 (fr) 2003-03-12
WO2001094449A1 (fr) 2001-12-13

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: SCHMERMUND VERPACKUNGSTECHNIK GMBH, GERMANY

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:STRUB, NIKOLAI;REEL/FRAME:014041/0678

Effective date: 20030125

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO PAY ISSUE FEE