US20030066539A1 - Cigarette Filter - Google Patents
Cigarette Filter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20030066539A1 US20030066539A1 US10/011,841 US1184101A US2003066539A1 US 20030066539 A1 US20030066539 A1 US 20030066539A1 US 1184101 A US1184101 A US 1184101A US 2003066539 A1 US2003066539 A1 US 2003066539A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- filter
- cigarette filter
- section
- general
- plug
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 173
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical class [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002678 semianthracite Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- CHRJZRDFSQHIFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;styrene Chemical class C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C CHRJZRDFSQHIFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013355 food flavoring agent Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims 8
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 abstract description 31
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 31
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 14
- LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen cyanide Chemical compound N#C LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 11
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon disulfide Chemical compound S=C=S QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AMIMRNSIRUDHCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropylaldehyde Chemical compound CC(C)C=O AMIMRNSIRUDHCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic aldehyde Chemical compound CCC=O NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UTLUCORTSA-N (+)-Neomenthol Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H](C)C[C@@H]1O NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UTLUCORTSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N DL-menthol Natural products CC(C)C1CCC(C)CC1O NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003957 anion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric aldehyde Natural products CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MLUCVPSAIODCQM-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonaldehyde Chemical compound C\C=C\C=O MLUCVPSAIODCQM-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MLUCVPSAIODCQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N crotonaldehyde Natural products CC=CC=O MLUCVPSAIODCQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940041616 menthol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N acetaldehyde Chemical compound [14CH]([14CH3])=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003729 cation exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940023913 cation exchange resins Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012458 free base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002715 nicotine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
- A24D3/16—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of inorganic materials
- A24D3/163—Carbon
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
- A24D3/12—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of ion exchange materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
- A24D3/16—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of inorganic materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cigarette filter that includes a smoke constituent adsorbent which, when combined with a carbon-based filtering material, demonstrates synergistic reductions in smoke vapor constituents.
- Cigarettes include tobacco rods or columns which, when burned, produce a particulate phase and a vapor phase.
- filters began to be attached to an end of the tobacco column to, among other things, reduce various smoke components.
- Filters made from filamentary or fibrous material, such as cellulose acetate tow or paper reduce the particulate phase of tobacco smoke by mechanical means.
- the fibrous materials are not effective at reducing volatile constituents found in the vapor phase, such as aldehydes, hydrogen cyanide and sulfides.
- an adsorbent or absorbent is typically combined with the fibrous filter material.
- Charcoal has a high surface area and is a relatively strong adsorbent for vapor-phase constituents of tobacco smoke. When coated with a mixture of metallic oxides, charcoal is particularly effective in reducing acidic gases. Meerschaum has a large adsorption area with a strong adsorption affinity for charged species, but meerschaum has a considerably low adsorption affinity for non-polar species. Silica gels are generally regarded as weakly retentive adsorbents for vapor-phase constituents of tobacco smoke. Although silica gel readily adsorbs aldehydes and hydrogen cyanide, the constituents also readily desorb from the silica gel. Cation exchange resins have been proposed for nicotine removal.
- Anion exchange resins have been proposed for the removal of smoke acids, but strongly basic anion exchangers have no effect on smoke vapor phase aldehydes, and weakly basic ion exchange resins—in free base form or as strong, inorganic acid salts thereof—either lack vapor phase filtration properties or have an associated ammonia-based odor which undesirably influences the flavor of tobacco smoke.
- Weakly basic anion-exchange resins of porous structure are suitable for the removal of smoke acids, but their efficiency diminishes during smoking, as does that of carbon and porous minerals.
- adsorbents can be used in combination in cigarette filters.
- U.S. Pat. No. 2,815,760 teaches the use of an ion exchange material with materials which “chemically react with the harmful, nonalkaline and nonacid components of the smoke to form non-volatile compounds, thus retaining the latter to the filter.”
- the aforesaid additives have not yielded satisfactory selective removal of such smoke phase components as smoke aldehydes, particularly acetaldehyde and acrolein.
- 4,300,577 teaches the use of a weakly retentive absorbent for vapor-phase constituents intermingled with a second component having mainly primary amine functional groups for the removal of vapor-phase constituents, including aldehydes and hydrogen cyanide from tobacco smoke.
- a weakly retentive absorbent for vapor-phase constituents intermingled with a second component having mainly primary amine functional groups for the removal of vapor-phase constituents, including aldehydes and hydrogen cyanide from tobacco smoke.
- the filter of the '577 patent has not been shown to demonstrate adequate consumer acceptance or commercial viability.
- the present invention relates to a cigarette filter that includes a multiple section filter which reduces the level of predetermined smoke constituents.
- the filter consists of a fibrous filter plug located at the mouth-end of the cigarette, a section containing a selective adsorbent material, and a section containing a general adsorbent material.
- the filter plug can be made from any filter plug material known in the art, such as cellulose acetate tow.
- the general adsorbent material is preferably selected from a group of relatively high surface area materials, such as activated charcoal, which are capable of adsorbing a range of chemical compounds without a high degree of specificity.
- the selective adsorbent material is chosen based on the specific smoke constituents targeted for removal.
- the selective adsorbent material is selected from a group of surface functionalized resins, wherein each resin consists of an essentially inert carrier having a sufficient surface area to adsorb the specific smoke constituents.
- the selective adsorbent material has a phenol-formaldehyde resin matrix surface-functionalized with mainly primary and secondary amine functional groups.
- the selective adsorbent material may be positioned adjacent to a tobacco rod and the general adsorbent material positioned between the selective adsorbent section and the filter plug.
- the general adsorbent material may be positioned adjacent to the tobacco rod and the selective adsorbent material positioned between the general adsorbent section and the filter plug.
- the selective adsorbent and general adsorbent may be interspersed in a traditional filter plug material, such as cellulose acetate, or the adsorbents may be in a close-packed bed or thin layer section within the filter plug material.
- FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a prior art filter-tipped cigarette
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a filter for a cigarette made in accordance with the present invention wherein the adsorbents are dispersed throughout a filter plug material, and the general adsorbent section is positioned between the filter plug and the selective adsorbent section;
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a filter for a cigarette made in accordance with the present invention wherein the adsorbents are dispersed throughout a filter plug material, and the selective adsorbent section is positioned between the filter plug and the general adsorbent section; and
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a filter for a cigarette made in accordance with the present invention wherein the adsorbents are packed as beds within a segment of a filter plug material.
- the cigarette filter of the present invention includes a multiple section filter which reduces the levels of predetermined smoke constituents.
- the filter consists of a fibrous filter plug located at the mouth-end of the cigarette, a section containing a selective adsorbent material, and a section containing a general adsorbent material.
- a typical filter-tipped cigarette 10 has a filter 30 attached to a tobacco rod 20 .
- the tobacco rod 20 consists of a loose tobacco-containing mixture 22 wrapped in a cigarette paper 24
- the filter 30 includes a filter plug 32 wrapped in a plug wrap 34 .
- a sheet of tipping paper 36 joins the filter 30 to the tobacco rod 20 .
- a cigarette 110 has a multiple section filter 130 attached to the tobacco rod 20 .
- the filter 130 includes a filter plug 132 , a section containing a general adsorbent 134 and a section containing a selective adsorbent 136 wrapped in a plug wrap 135 .
- the filter plug 132 is positioned near a first end 131 of the plug wrap 135
- the selective adsorbent section 136 is positioned near a second end 137 .
- the general adsorbent section 134 is sandwiched between the filter plug 132 and the selective adsorbent section 136 .
- the plug wrap 135 forms a sheath around the filter segments 132 , 134 , 136 to hold the segments together for ease of handling.
- the filter 130 is attached to the tobacco rod 20 such that the second end 137 is adjacent to the tobacco rod 20 .
- the filter plug 132 is made from a filamentary or fibrous material and provides a clean, neat appearance at the mouth end 131 of the cigarette.
- the filter plug 132 also retains a firmness at the mouth end 131 as the cigarette 110 is consumed.
- the filter plug 132 can be made from a variety of materials, among the most common being cellulose, cellulose acetate tow, paper, cotton, polypropylene web, polypropylene tow, polyester web, polyester tow or combinations thereof.
- a plasticizer may be included.
- the filter plug 132 may carry liquid additives or flavoring agents, and it may include tubes or apertures at preselected positions to provide a more consumer acceptable product, as are known in the art. Functionally, the filter plug 132 captures particulate matter from the tobacco smoke as the cigarette 110 is burned.
- the general adsorbent section 134 shown in FIG. 2, is positioned between the filter plug 132 and the selective adsorbent section 136 of the cigarette filter 130 and consists of a general adsorbent material 144 dispersed throughout a filter plug material 142 , such as in a “dalmatian” filter, known in the art.
- the general adsorbent material 144 is preferably selected from a group of relatively high surface area materials which are capable of adsorbing smoke constituents without a high degree of specificity.
- the general adsorbent can be selected from activated charcoal, activated coconut carbon, activated coal-based carbon, zeolite, silica gel, meerschaum, aluminum oxide or combinations thereof are among the more common general adsorbents known in the art.
- Other general adsorbents which may be used include a coal-based charcoal made from semi-anthracite coal with a density about 50% greater than coconut-based charcoal (available from Calgon Carbon, Pittsburgh, Pa.), a carbonaceous resin derived from the pyrolysis of sulfonated styrene-divinylbenzene, such as Ambersorb 572 or Ambersorb 563 (available from Rohm and Haas, 5000 Richmond Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
- metal oxides or other metal-based complex may optionally be included in or impregnated on the general adsorbent section.
- the selective adsorbent section 136 is positioned near the tobacco rod end 137 of the filter 130 and consists of a selective adsorbent material 146 dispersed throughout a filter plug material 142 , such as in a “dalmatian” filter, known in the art.
- the selective adsorbent material 146 is preferably selected based on the material's 146 specificity for a predetermined class of chemical compounds.
- the selective adsorbent material 146 may be an ion-exchange resin, such as Duolite A7 (available from Rohm and Haas, 5000 Richmond Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19137), or a material having similar functional groups and binding affinities.
- the Duolite A7 has a phenol-formaldehyde resin matrix and is surface-functionalized with primary and secondary amine groups, thereby enhancing the resin's specificity toward the aldehydes and hydrogen cyanide found in tobacco smoke.
- the selective adsorbent material 146 must be selected taking into consideration that the contact conditions between the tobacco smoke and the adsorbent 146 are dependent on a number of variables, including how strongly the smoker draws the smoke through the filter as the cigarette is being smoked and how much of the tobacco rod has been consumed prior to each puff.
- the selective adsorbent 146 have a sufficient surface area to ensure that the surface functional sites are easily accessible but such that there is minimal diffusional resistance.
- a resin having a surface area of greater than about 35 m 2 /g can adsorb the smoke constituents and minimize the probability of the resin packing so tightly that the smoke stream is impeded as it passes through the filter.
- materials with greater surface areas also demonstrate less noticeable performance decline if part of the surface is covered with a plasticizer, as might occur when the adsorbent 146 is dispersed in the filter plug 142 .
- the tobacco smoke is inhaled by the smoker through the filter 130 .
- the smoke initially passes over the selective adsorbent section 136 where the targeted smoke constituents are adsorbed on the surface of the selective adsorbent material 146 and particulate matter in the smoke is retained by the filter plug material 142 .
- the remaining smoke then passes over the general adsorbent section 134 where other polarized constituents may be retained by the adsorbent material 144 and additional particulate matter is retained by the filter plug material 142 .
- the remaining smoke then passes through the filter plug 132 where additional particulate matter can be reduced.
- the filtered smoke is then delivered to the smoker.
- a cigarette 210 includes a multiple section filter 230 with the filter plug 132 positioned at the mouth end 131 , the general adsorbent section 134 positioned near the tobacco-rod end 137 , and the selective adsorbent section 136 sandwiched between the filter plug 132 and the general adsorbent section 134 .
- the smoke vapor first passes through the general adsorbent section 134 , then through the selective adsorbent section 136 , and finally through the filter plug 132 .
- the selective adsorbent material 146 and the general adsorbent material 144 are dispersed throughout the filter tow 142 . Dispersion of the adsorbents 144 , 146 provides some advantages from a production perspective. Specifically, when the adsorbents 144 , 146 are dispersed within the tow 142 , the adsorbents are easier to handle than they are as loose particles.
- a cigarette 310 includes a filter 330 wherein the adsorbents 144 , 146 are packed within the filter plug material 142 as a close-packed bed or thin layer section of general adsorbent 344 and as a close-packed bed or thin layer section of selective adsorbent 346 .
- a bed of general adsorbent 344 may be combined with a “dalmatian” specific adsorbent section 136 , or a bed of specific adsorbent 346 may be combined with a “dalmatian” general adsorbent section 134 .
- the adsorbent bed 344 , 346 may be either adjacent to the tobacco rod 20 or sandwiched between the “dalmatian” section 134 , 136 and the filter plug 132 .
- the filter plug 132 is positioned at the mouth-end of the filter, with the general adsorbent section and the selective adsorbent section positioned between the filter plug and the tobacco rod.
- This configuration is expected to be the most consumer acceptable because the adsorbent materials are not visible to the consumer.
- the filter would function as intended if either the general adsorbent section or the selective adsorbent section was positioned at the mouth-end of the filter.
- the term “filter plug” as used herein refers to a dispersion of the filter plug material, and as such, the filter plug may be contiguous with the general adsorbent section and / or with the selective adsorbent section.
- an advantage of the cigarette 110 of FIG. 2 as compared to the alternative cigarette 210 of FIG. 3 is that the smoke passes over the selective adsorbent material 146 before passing over the general adsorbent 144 .
- This allows the selective adsorbent 146 to reduce some specific smoke constituents before the general adsorbent 144 is exposed to the smoke, thereby allowing the general adsorbent 144 to be more effective in reducing the remaining smoke constituents.
- a cellulose acetate/40 mg charcoal/40 mg Duolite A7 filter 130 attached to a tobacco rod 20 designed to deliver about 10 mg tar is more effective at reducing hydrogen cyanide, methanol, crotonaldehyde, acrolein, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, acetonitrile, methyl ethyl ketone, hydrogen sulfide, propionitrile, acetone, 2-methylpropanal, benzene, toluene, isoprene, furan, acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene, and carbon disulfide than a cellulose acetate/40 mg Duolite A7/40 mg charcoal filter 230 attached to a tobacco rod 20 designed to deliver about 10 mg tar.
- a multiple section filter 110 is prepared as shown in FIG. 2 wherein the filter plug 132 is made of cellulose acetate tow and is about 7 mm in length, the general adsorbent section 134 consists of about 40 mg of activated coconut charcoal 144 dispersed throughout plasticizer-treated cellulose acetate tow 142 cut to deliver a section 134 about 10 mm in length, and the selective adsorbent section 136 consists of about 40 mg of Duolite A7 dispersed throughout plasticizer-treated cellulose acetate tow 142 cut to deliver a section 136 about 10 mm in length.
- the filter is attached to a tobacco rod 20 having a length of about 83.5 mm and containing about 617 mg of a typical non-menthol cigarette blend wrapped in a 50 Coresta cigarette paper with about 1.8% citrate.
- the cigarette delivers about 10.3 mg tar per cigarette.
- a multiple section filter 210 is prepared with the section orientations as shown in FIG. 3 wherein the filter plug 232 , the general adsorbent section 234 , and the selective adsorbent section 236 are essentially identical to the filter plug 132 , the general adsorbent section 134 , and the selective adsorbent section 136 of Example 1.
- the filter is attached to a tobacco rod 20 having a length of about 83.5 mm and containing about 617 mg of a typical non-menthol cigarette blend wrapped in a 50 Coresta cigarette paper with about 1.8% citrate.
- the cigarette delivers about 10.0 mg tar per cigarette.
- Cigarettes are prepared as in Example 1 except that about 20 mg Duolite A7 is used in the selective adsorbent section 136 instead of 40 mg. The cigarette delivers about 10.2 mg tar per cigarette.
- Cigarettes are prepared as in Example 2 except that about 20 mg Duolite A7 is used in the selective adsorbent section 136 instead of 40 mg. The cigarette delivers about 10.9 mg tar per cigarette.
- Cigarettes are prepared as in Example 1 except that about 60 mg Duolite A7 is used in the selective adsorbent section 136 instead of 40 mg. The cigarette delivers about 10.0 mg tar per cigarette.
- Cigarettes are prepared as in Example 2 except that about 60 mg Duolite A7 is used in the selective adsorbent section 136 instead of 40 mg. The cigarette delivers about 10.3 mg tar per cigarette.
- Cigarettes are prepared as in Example 1 except that about 69 mg of a coal-based charcoal made from semi-anthracite coal is used in the general adsorbent section 136 instead of 40 mg of activated coconut charcoal.
- the cigarette delivers about 10.1 mg tar per cigarette.
- Cigarettes are prepared as in Example 2 except that about 69 mg of a coal-based charcoal made from semi-anthracite coal is used in the general adsorbent section 136 instead of 40 mg of activated coconut charcoal.
- the cigarette delivers about 10.2 mg tar per cigarette.
- Example 1-8 Representative cigarettes of Examples 1-8 are smoked to a butt length of about 4 mm using a Borgwalt RM-20 smoking machine. Following the procedures set forth by the FTC, smoke constituents exiting the filter end of each cigarette are passed through a Cambridge filter pad, the vapor phase is collected in a bag and analyzed by GC/MS. The average vapor phase yields expressed in ⁇ g/cig are set forth in Table I.
- the filter plug, the general adsorbent section, and the selective adsorbent section may vary in length and diameter, relative to any dimensions specified herein and relative to each other.
- the various section dimensions may be optimized for a particular tobacco blend or for particular tobacco rod dimensions.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Priority Applications (29)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/011,841 US20030066539A1 (en) | 2001-08-01 | 2001-10-30 | Cigarette Filter |
| IL16015002A IL160150A0 (en) | 2001-08-01 | 2002-07-30 | Cigarette filter |
| CNB028176693A CN100496312C (zh) | 2001-08-01 | 2002-07-30 | 卷烟过滤嘴 |
| HU0401565A HUP0401565A3 (en) | 2001-08-01 | 2002-07-30 | Cigarette filter |
| HRP20040166AA HRP20040166B1 (hr) | 2001-08-01 | 2002-07-30 | Filter za cigarete |
| EP02756831A EP1411784B8 (fr) | 2001-08-01 | 2002-07-30 | Filtre de cigarette |
| OA1200400032A OA12647A (en) | 2001-08-01 | 2002-07-30 | Cigarette filter. |
| YUP-112/04A RS51032B (sr) | 2001-08-01 | 2002-07-30 | Filter za cigarete |
| KR1020047001625A KR100838207B1 (ko) | 2001-08-01 | 2002-07-30 | 담배 필터 |
| AT02756831T ATE527901T1 (de) | 2001-08-01 | 2002-07-30 | Zigarettenfilter |
| NZ531256A NZ531256A (en) | 2001-08-01 | 2002-07-30 | Cigarette filter with multiple filter sections |
| US10/485,479 US20040237984A1 (en) | 2001-08-01 | 2002-07-30 | Cigarette filter |
| ES02756831T ES2375106T3 (es) | 2001-08-01 | 2002-07-30 | Filtro para cigarrillo. |
| JP2003520314A JP4028483B2 (ja) | 2001-08-01 | 2002-07-30 | 紙巻きタバコフィルタ |
| PL368136A PL200589B1 (pl) | 2001-08-01 | 2002-07-30 | Filtr papierosowy |
| MXPA04001044A MXPA04001044A (es) | 2001-08-01 | 2002-07-30 | Filtro de cigarrillo. |
| APAP/P/2004/002985A AP2134A (en) | 2001-08-01 | 2002-07-30 | Cigarette filter |
| TW091117045A TWI239237B (en) | 2001-08-01 | 2002-07-30 | Cigarette filter |
| CA002454820A CA2454820C (fr) | 2001-08-01 | 2002-07-30 | Filtre de cigarette |
| BRPI0211853-0A BR0211853B1 (pt) | 2001-08-01 | 2002-07-30 | filtro de cigarro. |
| EA200400191A EA005323B1 (ru) | 2001-08-01 | 2002-07-30 | Фильтр для сигарет |
| AU2002322811A AU2002322811B2 (en) | 2001-08-01 | 2002-07-30 | Cigarette filter |
| PCT/US2002/024240 WO2003015544A1 (fr) | 2001-08-01 | 2002-07-30 | Filtre de cigarette |
| MYPI20022886A MY128508A (en) | 2001-08-01 | 2002-07-31 | Cigarette filter |
| ARP020102923A AR034967A1 (es) | 2001-08-01 | 2002-08-01 | Filtro para cigarrillo |
| EG2002080870A EG23137A (en) | 2001-08-01 | 2002-08-03 | Cigarette filter |
| IL160150A IL160150A (en) | 2001-08-01 | 2004-02-01 | Cigarette filter |
| NO20040452A NO20040452L (no) | 2001-08-01 | 2004-02-02 | Sigarettfilter |
| ZA2004/01077A ZA200401077B (en) | 2001-08-01 | 2004-02-10 | Cigarette filter |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US30938801P | 2001-08-01 | 2001-08-01 | |
| US30943501P | 2001-08-01 | 2001-08-01 | |
| US10/011,841 US20030066539A1 (en) | 2001-08-01 | 2001-10-30 | Cigarette Filter |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/485,479 Continuation US20040237984A1 (en) | 2001-08-01 | 2002-07-30 | Cigarette filter |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US20030066539A1 true US20030066539A1 (en) | 2003-04-10 |
Family
ID=27359516
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/011,841 Abandoned US20030066539A1 (en) | 2001-08-01 | 2001-10-30 | Cigarette Filter |
| US10/485,479 Abandoned US20040237984A1 (en) | 2001-08-01 | 2002-07-30 | Cigarette filter |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/485,479 Abandoned US20040237984A1 (en) | 2001-08-01 | 2002-07-30 | Cigarette filter |
Country Status (27)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US20030066539A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1411784B8 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP4028483B2 (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR100838207B1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN100496312C (fr) |
| AP (1) | AP2134A (fr) |
| AR (1) | AR034967A1 (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE527901T1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2002322811B2 (fr) |
| BR (1) | BR0211853B1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2454820C (fr) |
| EA (1) | EA005323B1 (fr) |
| EG (1) | EG23137A (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2375106T3 (fr) |
| HR (1) | HRP20040166B1 (fr) |
| HU (1) | HUP0401565A3 (fr) |
| IL (2) | IL160150A0 (fr) |
| MX (1) | MXPA04001044A (fr) |
| MY (1) | MY128508A (fr) |
| NO (1) | NO20040452L (fr) |
| NZ (1) | NZ531256A (fr) |
| OA (1) | OA12647A (fr) |
| PL (1) | PL200589B1 (fr) |
| RS (1) | RS51032B (fr) |
| TW (1) | TWI239237B (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2003015544A1 (fr) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200401077B (fr) |
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| US20040231684A1 (en) * | 2003-05-20 | 2004-11-25 | Zawadzki Michael A. | Smoking article and smoking article filter |
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- 2002-07-30 TW TW091117045A patent/TWI239237B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-07-30 AP APAP/P/2004/002985A patent/AP2134A/en active
- 2002-07-30 BR BRPI0211853-0A patent/BR0211853B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-07-30 HU HU0401565A patent/HUP0401565A3/hu unknown
- 2002-07-30 EA EA200400191A patent/EA005323B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-07-30 AT AT02756831T patent/ATE527901T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-07-30 EP EP02756831A patent/EP1411784B8/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-30 PL PL368136A patent/PL200589B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-07-30 WO PCT/US2002/024240 patent/WO2003015544A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2002-07-30 ES ES02756831T patent/ES2375106T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-30 KR KR1020047001625A patent/KR100838207B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-07-30 IL IL16015002A patent/IL160150A0/xx active IP Right Grant
- 2002-07-30 NZ NZ531256A patent/NZ531256A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-07-30 US US10/485,479 patent/US20040237984A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-07-30 CN CNB028176693A patent/CN100496312C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-07-30 RS YUP-112/04A patent/RS51032B/sr unknown
- 2002-07-30 AU AU2002322811A patent/AU2002322811B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-07-30 OA OA1200400032A patent/OA12647A/en unknown
- 2002-07-31 MY MYPI20022886A patent/MY128508A/en unknown
- 2002-08-01 AR ARP020102923A patent/AR034967A1/es active IP Right Grant
- 2002-08-03 EG EG2002080870A patent/EG23137A/xx active
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2004
- 2004-02-01 IL IL160150A patent/IL160150A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-02-02 NO NO20040452A patent/NO20040452L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060037621A1 (en) * | 2000-11-10 | 2006-02-23 | Bereman Robert D | Method of making a smoking composition |
| WO2004019709A3 (fr) * | 2002-08-30 | 2004-07-01 | Philip Morris Prod | Filtres de cigarette comprenant des resines non fonctionnalisees, poreuses et polyaromatiques permettant d'eliminer des constituants en phase gazeuse de la fumee primaire |
| US6863074B2 (en) * | 2002-08-30 | 2005-03-08 | Philip Morris Usa Inc. | Cigarette filters comprising unfunctionalized porous polyaromatic resins for removing gas phase constituents from mainstream tobacco smoke |
| US20040231684A1 (en) * | 2003-05-20 | 2004-11-25 | Zawadzki Michael A. | Smoking article and smoking article filter |
| US8752556B2 (en) | 2006-03-10 | 2014-06-17 | British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited | Smoking article filter |
| US10368576B2 (en) | 2014-03-28 | 2019-08-06 | British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited | Additive carrying composition |
| US10070664B2 (en) | 2014-07-17 | 2018-09-11 | Nicoventures Holdings Limited | Electronic vapor provision system |
| CN104558371A (zh) * | 2015-01-28 | 2015-04-29 | 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 | 一种聚丙烯酸气凝胶的滤嘴高效吸附棒及其制备方法 |
| CN104558371B (zh) * | 2015-01-28 | 2016-06-01 | 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 | 一种聚丙烯酸气凝胶的滤嘴高效吸附棒及其制备方法 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: BROWN & WILLIAMSON TOBACCO CORPORATION, A CORP. OF Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:FIGLAR, JAMES N.;REEL/FRAME:012604/0418 Effective date: 20010801 |
|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: BROWN & WILLIAMSON TOBACCO CORPORATION, KENTUCKY Free format text: INVALID ASSIGNMENT.;ASSIGNOR:FIGLAR, JAMES N.;REEL/FRAME:012393/0196 Effective date: 20010801 |
|
| STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: EXPRESSLY ABANDONED -- DURING EXAMINATION |