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US20020176904A1 - Antiprotozal composition - Google Patents

Antiprotozal composition Download PDF

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Publication number
US20020176904A1
US20020176904A1 US10/151,126 US15112602A US2002176904A1 US 20020176904 A1 US20020176904 A1 US 20020176904A1 US 15112602 A US15112602 A US 15112602A US 2002176904 A1 US2002176904 A1 US 2002176904A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
cell bodies
solubles
rumen
composition
ruminant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/151,126
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English (en)
Inventor
William Julien
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Church and Dwight Co Inc
Original Assignee
Church and Dwight Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Church and Dwight Co Inc filed Critical Church and Dwight Co Inc
Priority to US10/151,126 priority Critical patent/US20020176904A1/en
Assigned to CHURCH & DWIGHT CO., INC. reassignment CHURCH & DWIGHT CO., INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BIOVANCE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
Publication of US20020176904A1 publication Critical patent/US20020176904A1/en
Priority to US11/391,188 priority patent/US8178088B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
    • A61K35/66—Microorganisms or materials therefrom
    • A61K35/74—Bacteria
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
    • A61K35/66—Microorganisms or materials therefrom
    • A61K35/74—Bacteria
    • A61K35/741—Probiotics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/88—Liliopsida (monocotyledons)
    • A61K36/899—Poaceae or Gramineae (Grass family), e.g. bamboo, corn or sugar cane
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/02—Bacterial antigens
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
    • A61P33/02—Antiprotozoals, e.g. for leishmaniasis, trichomoniasis, toxoplasmosis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07G—COMPOUNDS OF UNKNOWN CONSTITUTION
    • C07G99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S426/00—Food or edible material: processes, compositions, and products
    • Y10S426/807—Poultry or ruminant feed
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S435/00—Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
    • Y10S435/8215—Microorganisms
    • Y10S435/822—Microorganisms using bacteria or actinomycetales
    • Y10S435/843—Corynebacterium

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of using a composition and compound with antiprotozoal activity. These methods and materials will potentiate control of protozoal populations under a variety of conditions, particularly in ruminants.
  • the normal diet of the ruminant animal is forage.
  • Forage includes grasses, legumes and cellulytic byproducts of agricultural production. These are either fed fresh as pasture or green chop; in a dry form as hay; or in a preserved state as silage.
  • the ability to utilize these materials as sources of nutrients is only possible as a result of pregastric bacterial fermentation in the rumen, the nonfundic portion of the animal's stomach.
  • bacterial action reduces the complex structural carbohydrates; cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin and the associated nonstructural carbohydrates; pectin, starches and sugars, to either fatty acids or more chemically simplistic carbohydrate forms, which are then subjected to gastric action in the fundic stomach and small intestine.
  • the rumen is a continuous fermentation system that is provided with nutrients (feeds), buffers (salivary and other salts) and fluids (water and saliva) on both a continuous and an intermittent basis.
  • nutrients feeds
  • buffers salivary and other salts
  • fluids water and saliva
  • Liquid flow rates as proportions of the total liquid volume, have been found to turn over at rates that increased from ⁇ 8 to 13.5%/hr as dry matter intake went from 5 to 21 kg/day ( Livestock Prod. Sci., 17:37, 1987). At the same time, solids turnover increased from 3 to 5%/hr due to increased intake. In other studies, values of 17%/hr for liquids ( Can. J. Ani. Sci., 64 (Supp.):80, 1984) and as high as 7.0%/hr for concentrates ( J. Dairy Sci., 65:1445, 1982) were reported.
  • microbial yield is defined as the quantity of microbial mass flowing from the rumen per day.
  • efficiency of microbial yield is usually expressed as grams of microbial protein (or nitrogen) produced per kg of organic matter(OM) digested in the rumen. Both aspects of microbial production have applied significance.
  • Microbial yield is important as an index of the amount of microbial protein available to the ruminant animal per day.
  • protozoa can represent 50% of the biomass in the rumen, they contribute 20% or less to the microbial protein flowing to the duodenum.
  • predation on bacteria causes recycling of bacterial protein in the rumen.
  • Protozoa engulf and kill large quantities of bacteria, assimilating much of the protein from these organisms.
  • one object of the present invention is to provide a feed additive method of use which, when used as a component in ruminant diets, will control, reduce and prevent protozoal populations in the ruminant by promoting facultative bacterial growth.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a feed additive and method of use which allows for the control, reduction and prevention of protozoal populations and thereby allow for the maximization of ruminal microbial growth and efficiency, the benefits of which increased flow of microbial protein to the duodenum, increased ruminal fermentation efficiency, and increased dry matter intake.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to provide a feed additive that does not have any negative effects upon the bacterial population of the rumen.
  • An exemplary embodiment of the invention provides a method for controlling, reducing or preventing the growth of protozoa in the rumen of a ruminant, comprising feeding an antiprotozoal amount of a composition comprising cell bodies of a facultative anaerobe Corynebacterium, or Brevibacterium having antiprotozoal activity, glutamic acid fermentation solubles, or corn fermentation solubles to a ruminant, and thereby promoting facultative anaerobe growth to increase the amount of said cell bodies and the fermentation solubles including such cell bodies.
  • composition and compound when used as a feed supplement in a diet formulated for ruminant animals, will significantly reduce ruminal protozoal populations, although the use of the invention to control protozoal populations is not restricted to ruminal control alone.
  • the compound of the present invention includes a combination of bacterial cell bodies, nonprotein nitrogen and amino acids dried on a carrier.
  • the source of the antiprotozoal compound is derived from the cell bodies of facultative bacterial species, preferably ⁇ Corynebacterium. Another source is Brevibacterium. Preferred species are lactofermentum and glutamicum . Antiprotozoal activity is found in the isolated cell bodies themselves or in the byproduct materials derived from the fermentations driven by these bacteria in which the cell bodies may be present (fermentation solubles).
  • Examples are glutamic acid fermentation solubles and corn fermentation solubles.
  • the cell bodies and/or the fermentation byproducts may be fed unprocessed (undried), although maximum response is achieved when the cell bodies and/or the byproducts are dried at temperatures that do not denature the organic nitrogen components present therein. This temperature varies with the drying method used and generally ranges from not less than about 80 to not more than about 900 degrees Fahrenheit.
  • a compound of the present invention includes a combination of bacterial cell bodies, nonprotein nitrogen and amino acids dried on a carrier which is fed to the ruminant animals to promote desired bacterial growth and retard protozal growth.
  • One preferred embodiment of the present invention is a method for controlling, reducing or preventing the growth of protozoal bacteria in the rumen of a ruminant comprising feeding a ruminant an antiprotozoal amount of a composition comprising cell bodies of a faculative anaerobes selected from the group consisting of Corynebacterium cell bodies and Brevibacterium cell bodies or a mixture of Corynebacterium cell bodies and Brevibacterium cell bodies, glutamic acid fermention solubles, corn fermentation solubles, glutamic acid fermentation solubles and corn fermentation solubles, as will be described in greater detail as follows.
  • the cell bodies and fermentation solubles have antiprotozoal activity when introduced to the rumen of the ruminant.
  • the materials employed in the method of the present invention are comprised of the liquid end streams of fermentations driven by the bacterial species Corynebacterium and/or Brevibacterium. These end streams may be characterized as being about 40% solids in composition.
  • the solids are comprised of nonprotein nitrogen, peptides, and amino acids and any residual unspent carbohydrate remaining from the fermentation.
  • the predominant source of both the peptides and amino acids is the lysed cell bodies of the facultative bacterial species already referenced which result from the fermentation driven by the bacteria.
  • the antiprotozoal compound is derived from the cell bodies of facultative bacterial species, preferably ⁇ Corynebacterium. Another source is Brevibacterium. Preferred species are lactofermentum and glutamicum . Antiprotozoal activity is found in the isolated cell bodies themselves or in the byproduct materials derived from the fermentations driven by these bacteria in which the cell bodies may be present (fermentation solubles). Examples are glutamic acid fermentation solubles and corn fermentation solubles
  • this composition is obtained from either glutamic acid fermentation solubles, corn fermentation solubles or a mixture thereof or the isolated cell bodies themselves, although any fermentation end stream possessing these components and derived from fermentations driven by the bacterial species Corynebacterium and/or Brevibacterium may be used.
  • This composition can then be dried or left in liquid form. If dried, drying should occur at temperatures that will not denature the organic components of the composition.
  • a carrier such as wheat middlings etc. can be included if desired and in view of the drying method used. Any amount of carrier may be used. Typical ranges (wt/wt) of dried solubles to wheat middlings are from 10 to 1 to 1 to 10 including all values and subranges therebetween.
  • the carrier is preferably edible by the ruminant and is preferably a common feed ingredient. Either of these solubles or the isolated cell bodies alone or individually, blended onto a carrier, if necessary, are suitable.
  • corn and glutamic acid fermentation solubles are mixed, or the solubles and the isolated cell bodies are mixed, they are mixed in any proportion, either before or after drying and each optionally on a carrier, if mixed dry.
  • a carrier if mixed dry.
  • the one or more solubles and cell bodies if dried, are brought to a moisture content of about 30% at a low temperature. Moisture contents of 0%, 8%, 14% or the like also are acceptable. Drying methods which may be used include vacuum drying, direct and indirect heat application, spray drying, evaporation, etc.
  • a forced air grain processor otherwise useful to roast soybeans is preferred for the solubles or blends of the solubles, or blends of the solubles and isolated cell bodies.
  • Vacuum drying is preferred for the cell bodies alone. Regardless of the method used, drying must be done at temperatures which will not denature the nitrogen fractions.
  • Corynebacterium and Brevibacterium are facultative anaerobes used in a number of industrial fermentation processes. Examples are the production of amino acids such as lysine ( Brevibacterium ilium ) and glutamic acid ( Corynebacterium ilium; Corynebacteria glutamicum ). It is the opinion of some taxonomists that Comyeabacterium and Brevibacterium are the same organism however and the current distinction comes from improvements in classification techniques.
  • the end streams of the fermentations driven by these organisms typically are liquid effluents having greater than 30 wt % water (moisture), typically 50-60%.
  • Glutamic Acid Fermentation Solubles is comprised of a combination of water, nonprotein nitrogen, primarily in the form of ammonium chloride, peptides and free amino acids derived primarily from the hydrolysis of the microorganisms used to produce the fermentation, glutamic acid and inorganic salts such as MgSO 4 , NaCl and KH 2 PO 4 .
  • Corn Fermentation Solubles is comprised of a combination of water, nonprotein nitrogen, primarily in the form of ammonium sulfate, peptides and free amino acids derived from the hydrolysis of the microorganisms used to produce the fermentation and the inorganic salts such as MgSO 4 , NaCl, and MnSO 4 .
  • the isolated cell bodies of the bacteria are comprised of primarily peptides, and free amino acids, although some nonprotein nitrogen may be present as an artifact.
  • the invention is useful as a feed additive in any ruminant diet.
  • the compound when fed to ruminant animals, significantly reduces ruminal protozoal populations (numbers).
  • the reduction in protozoal population can be 100%, 95%, 90%, 85%, 75%, 65%, 50%, 25%, 10% and 5% or lower, depending upon dosage and feeding schedule.
  • the net result even at low % reductions of protozoa is a significant increase in resident ruminal bacterial populations. It is understood, therefore, that feeding the compound of the present invention increases the beneficial ruminal bacterial population while reducing the protozoal population.
  • the invention feed supplement may be added to any feed fed to ruminants, preferably to feeds comprising at least one of grass, legume, corn or small grain silage or hay, grain byproducts, oilseeds and oilseed meals, corn grain, and small grains etc., to provide a supplemented feed.
  • the amount added will generally range from 0.50 grams to 250 grams of the isolated cell bodies alone, and 250 grams to 1 kg of the solubles or blends of the soluble or blends of the solubles and isolated cell bodies per head per day, depending upon species to be fed.
  • compositions comprised of dried free amino acids, peptides, organic and inorganic nitrogen as well as structural (fibre) and nonstructural carbohydrates as needed.
  • this composition is obtained from either glutamic acid fermentation solubles, corn fermentation solubles or a mixture thereof, although any source material that provides the components of these fermentation solubles may be used.
  • the origin of the base materials is not important. That they provide the components of corn and/or glutamic acid fermentation solubles is.
  • a carrier such as wheat middlings can be included if desired and in view of the drying method used. Either of these solubles alone or individually, blended onto a carrier if necessary, are suitable.
  • corn and glutamic acid fermentation solubles are mixed, they are mixed in any proportion, either before or after drying and each optionally on a carrier if mixed dry.
  • the invention solubles (mixture or otherwise) is dried to a maximum moisture content of about 30% at low temperature. Moisture contents of 0%, 8%, 14%, etc. are acceptable. Drying methods which may be used include vacuum drying, direct and indirect heat application, spray drying, evaporation, etc. A forced air grain processor otherwise useful to roast soybeans is preferred. Regardless of the method used, drying must be done at temperatures which will allow for modification of the solubility of the nitrogen fractions without denaturing them. To the at least one of corn or glutamic acid fermentation solubles, one or a combination of cellulytic and/or amyalytic enzymes of either bacterial or fungal origin and an amino acid such as glutaminic acid may also be added to enhance biological effect.
  • Glutamine can be used as a substitute for, or along with, glutamic acid. These materials may be added either before or after drying. Generally these components total from about 4 to about 10 by weight of the final composition.
  • Preferred amounts of enzyme range from 15-60 gms (2% to 4%) of xylanase (75,000 xylanase units per gram) and 20 cellulose (100,000 endocellulose units per ml).
  • Preferred amounts of glutamic acid range from 0.70 to 4.0 grs (0.07 to 0.02).
  • the present inventor has provided a blended source of organic and inorganic nitrogen of variable solubilities in the form of nonprotein nitrogen, peptides, amino acids and intact protein derived in the preferred embodiment of the invention from glutamic acid fermentation solubles and/or corn fermentation solubles to which a carrier, additional amino acids and enzymes can be added and which is superior to prior art compositions.
  • Glutamic acid fermentation solubles and corn fermentation solubles are the liquid effluents from the bacterial fermentative process used to produce monosodium glutamate and lysine hydrochloride, respectively. These processes are well known and common manufacturing process, and the nomenclature by which these products are defined has been determined by the Association of American Feed Control Officials.
  • Glutamic Acid Fermentation Solubles is comprised of a combination of water, nonprotein nitrogen, primarily in the form of ammonium chloride, peptides and free amino acids derived from the hydrolysis of the microorganisms used to produce the fermentation, glutamic acid and inorganic salts such as MgSO 4 , NaCl and KH 2 PO 4 .
  • Corn Fermentation Solubles is comprised of a combination of water, nonprotein nitrogen, primarily in the form of ammonium sulfate, peptides and free amino acids derived from the hydrolysis of the microorganisms used to produce the fermentation and inorganic salts such as MgSO 4 , NaC;, and MnSO 4 .
  • Any enzyme capable of reducing plant tissue such as proteins, starches, sugars, pectins, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, are suitable for use in this invention.
  • enzymes are proteases, amylases dextranases, pectinases, cellulases, xylanases, mannanases and ligninases. These can be either of bacterial or fungal origin. Mixtures may be used.
  • the invention is also useful as a feed additive in any ruminant diet.
  • the nonprotein nitrogen fractions of the invention composition are reduced in their solubility so as to provide rumen bacteria with a sustained release source of ammonia nitrogen.
  • the nonprotein nitrogen components are further complemented by the peptides and intact protein the invention composition provides, the net result being a feed additive which provides a nitrogen steady state which significantly enhances rumen microbial efficiency and microbial yield. That is, the composition stimulates facultative anaerobe growth of rumen bacteria.
  • This effect can be further enhanced by the addition of an amino acid like glutamic acid which, when added to the invention composition, will supply the animal with the amino acid such as glutamic acid at a rate not less than 0.8 grams/kg of dry matter intake per day.
  • proteolytic, amyalytic and cellulytic enzymes also enhances the net response by allowing for the synchronization of the nitrogen sources with carbohydrates, thus ensuring the availability of sufficient quantities of energy for the increased microbial protein synthesis that is stimulated by the modified nitrogen fractions.
  • the invention feed supplement may be added to any feed fed to ruminants, preferably to feeds comprising at least one of grass, legume, corn or small grain silage or hay, grain byproducts, oilseeds and oilseed meals, corn grain, and small grains etc., to provide a supplemented feed.
  • the amount added when used as a feed additive will generally range from about 0.5 to about 12 lbs per head per day, depending upon application and species to be fed.
  • the drying method used is forced air, although any process which allows for the removal of excess moisture while not damaging the biological value of the nitrogen components of the invention can be used, with the necessary modifications in materials preparation as dictated by the method used.
  • the feed supplement may be used in its unprocessed liquid form
  • the feed supplement is prepared using a blend of glutamic acid fermentation solubles and corn fermentation solubles which is dried on a carrier, using forced air, although any process which allows for the removal of excess moisture while not damaging the product may be employed.
  • the feed supplement is prepared from isolated bacterial cell bodies.
  • the end streams of the fermentations driven by the referenced bacteria are centrifuged at speeds which allow for adequate separation of the various phases based upon specific gravity and density.
  • Other methods that are applicable include but are not restricted to evaporation, membrane filtration, diffusion, ion exchange, and precipitation.
  • the cell bodies or cell cream is then dried using any method which will not denature the nitrogen fractions present.
  • Rumen fluid collected from mature rumen cannulated sheep is strained through 2 layers of muslin and pre-incubated at 39° C. with a mixture (40 g/L) of the invention feed additive with wheat straw (0, 1, 10, 25, and 50 grams of the invention feed additive) for 2 hr. before adding the S. ruminantium .
  • Unlabeled L-leucine was included in all incubations at a final concentration of 5 mmol/L to prevent reincorporation of released ( 14 C) leucine.
  • the invention feed additive was a blend of liquid glutamic acid fermentation solubles and corn fermentation solubles mixed at a 60/40 weight/weight ratio, dried on a wheat midds carrier on a 50/50 weight basis. Drying method used was forced air.
  • glutamicum isolated from the glutamic acid fermentation solubles demonstrated antiprotozoal activity comparable to that of the dried glutamic acid fermentation solubles alone, thus indicating that the active agent is most likely a component of the cell cream itself, as no antiprotozoal activity was found in the wheat middlings carrier.
  • Soybean meal was used as the main protein source in a control (C) diet for lactating dairy cows.
  • C control
  • 100% of the soybean meal (9.6 lbs) was replaced with a comparable amount of the invention feed additive, in this case, a 60/40 wgt/wgt blend of glutamic acid fermentation solubles and corn fermentation solubles dried on a wheat midds carrier using the forced air method as previously described.
  • Two lactating dairy cows, fitted with rumen cannulae were fed diet (C) for a two week period, then switched to the experimental diet.
  • rumen contents were removed from each cow and protozoal numbers were determined according to the procedure of Abe and Kumeno (J.
  • controlling, reducing and preventing “anti-protozoal amounts” of the invention composition or compound are those amounts which decrease protozoa numbers present in the rumen, which prevent further growth, and which prevent growth where no protozoa are present, respectively.

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US10/151,126 1996-07-31 2002-05-18 Antiprotozal composition Abandoned US20020176904A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/151,126 US20020176904A1 (en) 1996-07-31 2002-05-18 Antiprotozal composition
US11/391,188 US8178088B2 (en) 1996-07-31 2006-03-28 Antiprotozoal composition

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US68895596A 1996-07-31 1996-07-31
US10/151,126 US20020176904A1 (en) 1996-07-31 2002-05-18 Antiprotozal composition

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US (2) US20020176904A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP0917472B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2001500115A (fr)
KR (1) KR20000029731A (fr)
AT (1) ATE234629T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU718808B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2261690C (fr)
DE (1) DE69719993T2 (fr)
DK (1) DK0917472T3 (fr)
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WO (1) WO1998004283A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040142069A1 (en) * 2003-01-14 2004-07-22 Ajinomoto Co. Inc Silage additive and a process for preparing silage using it
CN106666075A (zh) * 2016-12-26 2017-05-17 宣城市同鼎饲料科技有限公司 一种富含天然抗菌剂的磁场辅助发酵饲料生产技术
US10143218B1 (en) 2013-03-15 2018-12-04 Ac Nutrition, Lp Animal feed supplement

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DK0917472T3 (da) * 1996-07-31 2003-04-22 Church & Dwight Co Inc Antiprotozoisk sammensætning

Citations (14)

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US5244669A (en) * 1990-07-20 1993-09-14 Mitsubishi Kasei Corporation Feed additives for ruminants
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US20060193834A1 (en) 2006-08-31
EP0917472A4 (fr) 2000-03-01
CA2261690C (fr) 2009-07-21
ATE234629T1 (de) 2003-04-15
ES2188964T3 (es) 2003-07-01
DK0917472T3 (da) 2003-04-22
CA2261690A1 (fr) 1998-02-05
AU3738097A (en) 1998-02-20
EP0917472A1 (fr) 1999-05-26
AU718808B2 (en) 2000-04-20
JP2001500115A (ja) 2001-01-09
US8178088B2 (en) 2012-05-15
DE69719993D1 (de) 2003-04-24
EP0917472B1 (fr) 2003-03-19

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