US20020084210A1 - Method of inhibiting deposits in coke oven gas processing equipment - Google Patents
Method of inhibiting deposits in coke oven gas processing equipment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20020084210A1 US20020084210A1 US10/060,758 US6075802A US2002084210A1 US 20020084210 A1 US20020084210 A1 US 20020084210A1 US 6075802 A US6075802 A US 6075802A US 2002084210 A1 US2002084210 A1 US 2002084210A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- flushing liquor
- coke oven
- nitrogenous compound
- butoxyethanol
- treatment combination
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- -1 heterocyclic nitrogenous compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000011284 combination treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 5
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 244000261422 Lysimachia clethroides Species 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- WHRZCXAVMTUTDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-furo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one Chemical compound N1C(=O)N=C2OC=CC2=C1 WHRZCXAVMTUTDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000073231 Larrea tridentata Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006173 Larrea tridentata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002126 creosote Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011277 road tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
- C10G9/16—Preventing or removing incrustation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B43/00—Preventing or removing incrustations
- C10B43/14—Preventing incrustations
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of inhibiting deposits on the equipment and in the ducts and pipes carrying the flushing liquor used in the operation of coke ovens. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of inhibiting deposits in equipment handling flushing liquor in a coke oven system by treating the flushing liquor with quinoline in combination with 2-butoxyethanol.
- deposits can form on the equipment and in the ducts and pipes which carry the coke oven gases.
- deposits and fouling are common.
- the gases and vaporized liquids removed as effluent gas in a coking process can include tar, light oil, ammonia liquor etc.
- Some of the specific products refined from coke ovens include ammonium sulfate, benzene, toluene, xylene, naphtalene, pyridine, phenathrene, anthracene, creosote, road tar, roofing pitches, pipeline enamels, along with many other products.
- Benzene toluene
- xylene xylene
- naphtalene pyridine
- phenathrene anthracene
- creosote road tar
- roofing pitches roofing pitches
- pipeline enamels along with many other products.
- Several hundred individual compounds have been found, organic and inorganic, in the effluent gas from a coking process.
- a simplified description of the coking process would be the destructive distillation of a complex carbonaceous mineral.
- the compounds formed or driven off during the process have a wide range of boiling and melting points and solubilities, causing the selective condensation or crystallization of the higher boiling compounds.
- fouling of the handling and processing equipment often limits run time for the equipment between shut downs for cleaning.
- the coke oven gases from the coke oven are at high temperatures, often about 800° C. These hot gases which leave the coke oven by way of standpipes pass through goosenecks at the top of the standpipes where the gases are cooled by flushing liquor.
- the flushing liquor cools the gases from about 800° C. to about 80° C. so that the gases can be safely handled by the downstream collector main and gas processing equipment.
- the cooling also condenses tar and tar-mist vapors which are then carried by the flushing liquor along the collector main to a tar-liquor seal which directs the tar to decanters or predecanters where tar is recovered.
- the flushing liquor also carries solid coal, coke and cracked carbon particles from the gas stream and into the tar to the decanters.
- the flushing liquor also dissolves nearly all of the ammonium salts and much of the free ammonia thereby reducing the contaminant levels in the coke oven gas.
- the flushing liquor which passes through the tar-liquor seal is “contaminated” by the multitude of organic and inorganic materials present in the gases driven off during coking.
- the flushing liquor typically is treated in an ammonia recovery system. The presence of these contaminates leads to fouling of the goosenecks, collection mains and the ammonia recovery system with deposits.
- the present inventors have discovered that treatment of the flushing liquor with a heterocyclic nitrogenous compound in combination with 2-butoxyethanol can inhibit fouling deposits in the lines, conduits and equipment handling the flushing liquor thereby significantly extending run time between shut downs for cleaning.
- Addition of a heterocyclic nitrogenous compound such as quinoline in combination with 2-butoxyethanol such as Butyl Cellosolve® (Cellosolve is a registered trademark of Union Carbide Corporation) to the flushing liquor has been found to inhibit the formation of undesirable deposits on the lines, conduit and equipment which come into contact with the flushing liquor. It is also believed that the treatment combination, when added to the flushing liquor, can also result in removal of already formed deposits.
- a method of inhibiting and dissolving deposits on conduits, lines and equipment handling flushing liquor in a coke oven plant comprises adding to flushing liquor in a coke oven plant, a heterocyclic nitrogenous compound and 2-butoxyethanol in an amount sufficient to inhibit and/or dissolve undesirable deposits.
- the treatment combination is added to the flushing liquor prior to the goosenecks at the top of the coke oven standpipes where the flushing liquor first contacts the coke oven effluent gases.
- heterocyclic nitrogenous compound of the treatment combination of the present invention is preferably quinoline of the general formula:
- the 2-butoxyethanol compound of the treatment combination of the present invention is available as Butyl Cellosolve® from the Union Carbide Corporation.
- the ratio of heterocyclic nitrogenous compound to 2-butoxyethanol can range from about 50:50 to about 10:90 by weight percent. The preferred ratio is about 25:75 weight percent.
- the treatment combination is added to the flushing liquor in an amount sufficient to inhibit deposit formation in the conduits, lines and equipment which the flushing liquor comes into contact with.
- Typical flushing liquor treatment combination concentrations can range from 0.5 to 5.0 parts per million.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Industrial Gases (AREA)
Abstract
A method of inhibiting and/or removing deposits from coke oven gas handling equipment is disclosed which comprises the addition of a treatment combination of a heterocyclic nitrogenous compound such as quinoline and 2-butoxyethanol to the flushing liquor used to cool coke oven effluent gases.
Description
- The present invention relates to a method of inhibiting deposits on the equipment and in the ducts and pipes carrying the flushing liquor used in the operation of coke ovens. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of inhibiting deposits in equipment handling flushing liquor in a coke oven system by treating the flushing liquor with quinoline in combination with 2-butoxyethanol.
- In the operation of coke ovens which produce metallurgical coke from coking coal, deposits can form on the equipment and in the ducts and pipes which carry the coke oven gases. In processing and handling of the volatile coke oven gas evolved from the coal during the coking process, deposits and fouling are common. The gases and vaporized liquids removed as effluent gas in a coking process can include tar, light oil, ammonia liquor etc. Some of the specific products refined from coke ovens include ammonium sulfate, benzene, toluene, xylene, naphtalene, pyridine, phenathrene, anthracene, creosote, road tar, roofing pitches, pipeline enamels, along with many other products. Several hundred individual compounds have been found, organic and inorganic, in the effluent gas from a coking process.
- A simplified description of the coking process would be the destructive distillation of a complex carbonaceous mineral. The compounds formed or driven off during the process have a wide range of boiling and melting points and solubilities, causing the selective condensation or crystallization of the higher boiling compounds. In handling and processing the gases driven off during the coking process, fouling of the handling and processing equipment often limits run time for the equipment between shut downs for cleaning.
- The coke oven gases from the coke oven are at high temperatures, often about 800° C. These hot gases which leave the coke oven by way of standpipes pass through goosenecks at the top of the standpipes where the gases are cooled by flushing liquor. The flushing liquor cools the gases from about 800° C. to about 80° C. so that the gases can be safely handled by the downstream collector main and gas processing equipment. The cooling also condenses tar and tar-mist vapors which are then carried by the flushing liquor along the collector main to a tar-liquor seal which directs the tar to decanters or predecanters where tar is recovered. The flushing liquor also carries solid coal, coke and cracked carbon particles from the gas stream and into the tar to the decanters. The flushing liquor also dissolves nearly all of the ammonium salts and much of the free ammonia thereby reducing the contaminant levels in the coke oven gas.
- The flushing liquor which passes through the tar-liquor seal is “contaminated” by the multitude of organic and inorganic materials present in the gases driven off during coking. The flushing liquor typically is treated in an ammonia recovery system. The presence of these contaminates leads to fouling of the goosenecks, collection mains and the ammonia recovery system with deposits.
- The present inventors have discovered that treatment of the flushing liquor with a heterocyclic nitrogenous compound in combination with 2-butoxyethanol can inhibit fouling deposits in the lines, conduits and equipment handling the flushing liquor thereby significantly extending run time between shut downs for cleaning. Addition of a heterocyclic nitrogenous compound such as quinoline in combination with 2-butoxyethanol such as Butyl Cellosolve® (Cellosolve is a registered trademark of Union Carbide Corporation) to the flushing liquor has been found to inhibit the formation of undesirable deposits on the lines, conduit and equipment which come into contact with the flushing liquor. It is also believed that the treatment combination, when added to the flushing liquor, can also result in removal of already formed deposits.
- A method of inhibiting and dissolving deposits on conduits, lines and equipment handling flushing liquor in a coke oven plant is disclosed. The method comprises adding to flushing liquor in a coke oven plant, a heterocyclic nitrogenous compound and 2-butoxyethanol in an amount sufficient to inhibit and/or dissolve undesirable deposits. Preferably, the treatment combination is added to the flushing liquor prior to the goosenecks at the top of the coke oven standpipes where the flushing liquor first contacts the coke oven effluent gases.
- The heterocyclic nitrogenous compound of the treatment combination of the present invention is preferably quinoline of the general formula:
- The 2-butoxyethanol compound of the treatment combination of the present invention is available as Butyl Cellosolve® from the Union Carbide Corporation. The ratio of heterocyclic nitrogenous compound to 2-butoxyethanol can range from about 50:50 to about 10:90 by weight percent. The preferred ratio is about 25:75 weight percent.
- The treatment combination is added to the flushing liquor in an amount sufficient to inhibit deposit formation in the conduits, lines and equipment which the flushing liquor comes into contact with. Typical flushing liquor treatment combination concentrations can range from 0.5 to 5.0 parts per million.
- In an operating coke plant, fouling of the conduits, lines and ammonia stills which contacted flushing liquor resulted in a short run life between shut downs for cleaning of about three weeks. Upon addition of 5 parts per million of a combination of quinoline and Butyl Cellosolve® in a ration of 25:75 percent by weight to the flushing liquor to the ammonia still, the run life between shut downs for cleaning increased to several months.
Claims (10)
1. A method of inhibiting fouling deposit formation in conduits, lines and equipment in contact with flushing liquor in a coke oven plant comprising adding to said flushing liquor a treatment combination of a heterocyclic nitrogenous compound and 2-butoxyethanol in an amount sufficient to inhibit fouling deposit formation.
2. The method of claim 1 where in the ratio of heterocyclic nitrogenous compound to 2-butoxyethanol in said treatment combination is from 50:50 to 10:90 percent by weight.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the ratio of heterocyclic nitrogenous compound to 2-butoxyethanol in said treatment combination is 25:75 percent by weight.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein said heterocyclic nitrogenous compound is quinoline.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein said treatment combination is added to said flushing liquor in a concentration of from about 0.5 parts per million to 5.0 parts per million.
6. A method of cleaning conduits, lines and equipment in contact with flushing liquor in a coke oven plant comprising adding to said flushing liquor a treatment combination of a heterocyclic nitrogenous compound and 2-butoxyethanol in an amount sufficient to remove fouling deposits.
7. The method of claim 6 where in the ratio of heterocyclic nitrogenous compound to 2-butoxyethanol in said treatment combination is from 50:50 to 10:90 percent by weight.
8. The method of claim 6 wherein the ratio of heterocyclic nitrogenous compound to 2-butoxyethanol in said treatment combination is 25:75 percent by weight.
9. The method of claim 6 wherein said heterocyclic nitrogenous compound is quinoline.
10. The method of claim 6 wherein said treatment combination is added to said flushing liquor in a concentration of from about 0.5 to about 5.0 parts per million.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/060,758 US20020084210A1 (en) | 2000-02-01 | 2002-01-30 | Method of inhibiting deposits in coke oven gas processing equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/495,801 US6375831B1 (en) | 2000-02-01 | 2000-02-01 | Inhibiting deposits in coke oven gas processing equipment |
| US10/060,758 US20020084210A1 (en) | 2000-02-01 | 2002-01-30 | Method of inhibiting deposits in coke oven gas processing equipment |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/495,801 Division US6375831B1 (en) | 2000-02-01 | 2000-02-01 | Inhibiting deposits in coke oven gas processing equipment |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US20020084210A1 true US20020084210A1 (en) | 2002-07-04 |
Family
ID=23970036
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/495,801 Expired - Fee Related US6375831B1 (en) | 2000-02-01 | 2000-02-01 | Inhibiting deposits in coke oven gas processing equipment |
| US10/060,758 Abandoned US20020084210A1 (en) | 2000-02-01 | 2002-01-30 | Method of inhibiting deposits in coke oven gas processing equipment |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/495,801 Expired - Fee Related US6375831B1 (en) | 2000-02-01 | 2000-02-01 | Inhibiting deposits in coke oven gas processing equipment |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US6375831B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2298196A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104302739A (en) * | 2012-04-18 | 2015-01-21 | 通用电气公司 | A method to treat flushing liquor systems in coke plants |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6375831B1 (en) * | 2000-02-01 | 2002-04-23 | Betzdearborn Inc. | Inhibiting deposits in coke oven gas processing equipment |
| WO2015066613A1 (en) * | 2013-11-01 | 2015-05-07 | Chemtreat, Inc. | Methods for reducing surface fouling in fuel production systems |
| DE102020205468A1 (en) | 2020-04-30 | 2021-11-04 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Autonomous and / or assisted coupling of a trailer taking into account the height profile of the ground |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2448767A (en) * | 1942-12-05 | 1948-09-07 | Mellon Inst Of Ind Res | Process of hydroxyethylation |
| US3088916A (en) * | 1958-08-11 | 1963-05-07 | Monsanto Chemicals | Bacteriostatic and fungistatic cleansing compositions |
| US5225002A (en) * | 1990-08-09 | 1993-07-06 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Process for dissolving coke oven deposits comprising atomizing a composition containing N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone into the gas lines |
| US6375831B1 (en) * | 2000-02-01 | 2002-04-23 | Betzdearborn Inc. | Inhibiting deposits in coke oven gas processing equipment |
| US6805135B1 (en) * | 1998-05-26 | 2004-10-19 | Nittou Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Cleaning fluid and cleaning method for component of semiconductor-treating apparatus |
-
2000
- 2000-02-01 US US09/495,801 patent/US6375831B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-02-04 CA CA002298196A patent/CA2298196A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2002
- 2002-01-30 US US10/060,758 patent/US20020084210A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2448767A (en) * | 1942-12-05 | 1948-09-07 | Mellon Inst Of Ind Res | Process of hydroxyethylation |
| US3088916A (en) * | 1958-08-11 | 1963-05-07 | Monsanto Chemicals | Bacteriostatic and fungistatic cleansing compositions |
| US5225002A (en) * | 1990-08-09 | 1993-07-06 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Process for dissolving coke oven deposits comprising atomizing a composition containing N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone into the gas lines |
| US6805135B1 (en) * | 1998-05-26 | 2004-10-19 | Nittou Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Cleaning fluid and cleaning method for component of semiconductor-treating apparatus |
| US6375831B1 (en) * | 2000-02-01 | 2002-04-23 | Betzdearborn Inc. | Inhibiting deposits in coke oven gas processing equipment |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104302739A (en) * | 2012-04-18 | 2015-01-21 | 通用电气公司 | A method to treat flushing liquor systems in coke plants |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2298196A1 (en) | 2001-08-01 |
| US6375831B1 (en) | 2002-04-23 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |