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US20020040184A1 - Apparatus and method for inducing vibrations in a living body - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for inducing vibrations in a living body Download PDF

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Publication number
US20020040184A1
US20020040184A1 US10/007,755 US775501A US2002040184A1 US 20020040184 A1 US20020040184 A1 US 20020040184A1 US 775501 A US775501 A US 775501A US 2002040184 A1 US2002040184 A1 US 2002040184A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
frequency
alternating current
magnetic field
amplitude
electromagnet
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Abandoned
Application number
US10/007,755
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English (en)
Inventor
Peter Brown
Claudio Zanelli
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INTEC RESEARCH Corp
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INTEC RESEARCH Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
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Priority to US10/007,755 priority Critical patent/US20020040184A1/en
Assigned to INTEC RESEARCH CORPORATION reassignment INTEC RESEARCH CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GUIDANT CORPORATION, ORIGIN MEDSYSTEMS, INC.
Publication of US20020040184A1 publication Critical patent/US20020040184A1/en
Priority to US10/340,438 priority patent/US20030105382A1/en
Priority to US11/712,869 priority patent/US8500619B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations; for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
    • A61B17/22004—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations; for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves
    • A61B17/22012—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations; for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves in direct contact with, or very close to, the obstruction or concrement
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/70—Manipulators specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/73—Manipulators for magnetic surgery
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N2/00—Magnetotherapy
    • A61N2/002—Magnetotherapy in combination with another treatment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N2/00—Magnetotherapy
    • A61N2/02—Magnetotherapy using magnetic fields produced by coils, including single turn loops or electromagnets
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations; for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2017/22038—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations; for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for with a guide wire
    • A61B2017/22042—Details of the tip of the guide wire

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to medical devices, and more particularly to a new method for inducing vibrations in such devices while they are disposed within a living body.
  • Vibrating medical devices such as intravascular devices used in intravascular intervention, have been known in the art for some time and have been employed for a variety of uses. Such uses include, for example, facilitating the advancement of a catheter or guidewire through the vasculature to a target site by reducing the vessel wall friction encountered by the device,. and breaking up thrombi and other intravascularly disposed masses either through direct mechanical contact, generation of ultrasound or pressure waves to impact the mass, or enhancing the action of lysing agents.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,243,997 to Uflacker et al. discloses a vibrating device for a guidewire that consists of an electric motor mounted within a case and a clamp member mounted to the eccentric output shaft of the motor for securing and vibrating the guidewire.
  • a physician can use this device for facilitating the introduction and advancement of a guidewire through a patient's vasculature.
  • Alliger et al. in their U.S. Pat. No. 4,920,954 disclose a device for applying cavitation forces to a mass such as artery plaque through a guidewire vibrated by a transducer disposed within a handpiece that also supports the guidewire.
  • the patent also discloses certain preferred modulus of elasticity and diameters for the guidewire.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,626,593 to Imran discloses a catheter with a solenoid disposed at its distal tip to vibrate a rounded tip and thus allow the catheter to more easily cross stenoses or lesions occluding a patient's vessel.
  • the solenoid is supplied with current through electrical leads running along the catheter from its proximal end.
  • Rosen et al. in their U.S. Pat. No. 5,425,735, comprising a catheter with a shielded tip that can be a scraping or an impact element, and an energy source such as a laser with a fiber optic delivery system or a spark generator that creates repeated rapid vapor expansions adjacent the catheter tip. In this manner the vaporizing fluid causes the tip to undergo repeated pulsed movements, thereby enabling it to fracture or cut through an intravascular deposit.
  • the acoustic catheter disclosed by Adrian in his U.S. Pat. No. 5,569,179 employs a slightly different approach to achieving the same result, namely generating acoustic energy at the distal tip of the catheter.
  • This catheter is equipped at its distal end with a rotary-to-axial motion converter mechanism comprised of a first magnetic pole pair coupled to the end of a rotary shaft and a second pair of magnetic poles coupled to the proximal end of a non-rotating, reciprocal motion member that slides axially within the catheter.
  • the two pairs of magnetic poles are located in close proximity such that as the first pair of poles is rotated, the second pair of poles is alternativeiy attracted and repelled so as to induce reciprocating motion in the sliding member, which in turn generates acoustic energy that is emitted through the distal end of the catheter to ablate matter.
  • This catheter therefore simply utilizes magnetic coupling as part of its transducer mechanism, and suffers from the same limitations of energy loses due to friction and heat generation into the surrounding tissue, as well as relative bulk and difficulty of deployment within the vasculature. In addition, this too is a relatively complex, uneconomical device.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,524,620 to Rosenschein discloses a method whereby ultrasound generators such as piezoelectric crystals or spark type generators produce pulsed or continuous high intensity acoustic energy waves that are focused upon the desired area through what are described as conventional phased-array, time-array techniques.
  • the preferred energy density at the focal area is disclosed to be in the 1 to 20 W/cm 2 range, and the acoustic lens is disposed in proximity to the skin of the patient about 5 to 30 cm from the thrombus.
  • the ultrasound generator is specified to operate in the 10 to 50 KW range and produce as much as 100 W/cm 2 , which is a rather large amount of energy to apply to a living body and would seem to limit the duration of treatment for this method. Reducing the amount of power applied will, of course, result in less energy reaching the target site, thus circumventing the main goal of the procedure.
  • the present invention addresses the above mentioned needs by providing a method for generating vibrations within the body of a patient in a simple, economical manner with minimal risk and substantial flexibility.
  • the method relies on equipment that is simple and economical to manufacture with a high degree of reliability.
  • the method of the present invention entails the introduction of any one of a number of devices known in the art including, for example, intravascular devices such as guidewires or catheters, into a patient's body and positioning the device such that a predetermined portion of the device lies adjacent to the target site.
  • the predetermined portion of the device incorporates a ferromagnetic or a ferrimagnetic material, that is, a material that is susceptible to the attractive effects of magnetic fields.
  • a pulsed magnetic field source that is, a source that chances over time in magnitude and/or direction, of sufficient strength is disposed outside the patient's body in sufficient proximity to the intrabody device to induce motion in the device through the oscillating magnetic field that it emits. In this manner, a vibrating action is induced in the intrabody device of a frequency proportional to the frequency at which the magnetic source field pulsates.
  • the vibrating frequency of the intrabody device can be increased or decreased as well, and in this manner the intrabody device can be vibrated at sufficiently high frequencies to generate ultrasonic waves within the patient's body.
  • the strength of the magnetic field generated by the magnetic source By varying the strength of the magnetic field generated by the magnetic source, the amplitude of the mechanical vibrations generated by the intrabody device and their impact upon the surrounding tissue and other matter can be varied as well. Therefore, a physician employing the method of the present invention retains complete control over the procedure and can tailor the treatment to closely match the individual requirements of each patient.
  • the magnetic source is preferably an electromagnet connected to an alternating current source that causes the electromagnet to emit an oscillating magnetic field that changes polarity at a frequency matching the frequency of the alternating current source.
  • a pair of such electromagnets disposed on opposite sides of the patient's body and supplied by alternating current sources at out-of-phase voltages may be employed so that the electromagnets alternatingly attract the intrabody device in opposite directions.
  • two or more electromagnets may be spaced around the intrabody device and each supplied with alternating current that is out of phase with the alternating current being supplied to the other electromagnets, so as to give rise to a three dimensionally oscillating magnetic field and affect the plane and direction of vibration of the magnetic material, thereby inducing three dimensional vibratory motion within the device.
  • the magnetic material is typically incorporated into the tip of the intrabody device, because the magnetic source acts upon the portion of the intrabody device that contains this material and thus the vibrating motion induced by the magnetic source is strongest at this portion.
  • the material can also serve as the radiopaque marker at the tip of the catheter.
  • An intrabody device vibrated by the method of the present invention can be introduced intravascularly and used to break up thrombi or other masses through its mechanical vibrating motion or through waves generated by the intrabody device, or to enhance the action of lysing agents and other drugs by speeding up drug delivery and/or penetration and absorption into tissue.
  • Such a device would be helpful in breaking up clots and emboli which cause ischemic stroke, miocardial infarction, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary emboli, and other intravascular clots.
  • the method of the present invention can be used to enhance the ability of an intravascularly introduced intrabody device to navigate the sometimes tortuous pathways of a patient's vasculature.
  • the method of the present invention may also be used to induce vibrations in intravascularly disposed devices other than guidewires and catheters, such as stents and other permanently deployed devices for the purpose of reducing or eliminating clots that may have formed upon the device or otherwise affecting the body's response to such implants such as reducing vasospasms.
  • the alternating current source driving the electromagnetic source with the ability to constantly vary the frequency, the amplitude, or both the frequency and the amplitude of the alternating current that it supplies.
  • the vibrations or ultrasounds emitted by the intrabody device can continuously sweep up and down over a predetermined range of frequencies so as to repeatedly impact the thrombus at its contemporaneous resonance frequency and thus greatly speed up the process of breaking up the thrombus. Because each thrombus is a heterogeneous structure, its resonance frequency range will vary according to its age, makeup and other variables.
  • the intrabody device By continuously sweeping up and down over a range of frequencies, the intrabody device will repeatedly hit upon the resonance frequency of different portions of the thrombus regardless of how often or to what degree new clots are being formed. thereby greatly enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness with which the thrombi are dissolved without the need to somehow measure or gauge the various resonance frequencies of the thrombi present at any point in time.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of a patient with a guidewire inserted into his vasculature and a magnetic field generator positioned according to the method of the present invention to vibrate the tip of the guidewire.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional side view of the guidewire tip of FIG. 1 disposed within the vasculature of the patient and being vibrated by the magnetic field generator.
  • FIG. 3 is a front sectional view of the guidewire tip of FIG. 2 being vibrated three-dimensionally according to an alternative embodiment of the method of the present invention.
  • the present invention addresses the need for physicians and other medical personnel to be able to induce vibrations at a localized target site within a patient's body for any of a number of purposes, such as breaking up a thrombus or enhancing the action of medical drugs.
  • the present invention provides a method for inducing such vibrations in a manner that is simpler, safer, and more efficient and effective than previously known in the art.
  • the method of the present invention entails the placement of an object 10 to be vibrated in proximity to the target site 20 within the patient's body 30 .
  • the object may be an intravascular device introduced to the target site through the patient's vasculature, such as a guidewire (as shown in FIG. 1), a catheter, or a similar device.
  • the method of the present invention may be employed equally efficaciously with other types of devices, including immobile devices such as stents, coils, clot traps, and filters, and motivated devices such as pumps.
  • An object can be introduced into the patient's body through any of a number of presently known and practiced methods, such as are described in commonly-owned U.S. Pat. No.
  • any object to be vibrated by the method of the present invention must meet one basic requirement, namely that the object be comprised at least partially from a ferromagnetic or a ferrimagnetic material.
  • Such magnetic material must be present in the object 10 in sufficient proportion to allow the object to be influenced or motivated by a magnetic field.
  • catheters the devices mentioned previously are typically constructed from metallic materials such as stainless steel and nickel titanium, and thus a wide variety of devices meet the requirement for incorporating magnetic material.
  • magnetic material must be incorporated into the catheter's structure, preferably near the distal tip of the catheter.
  • the magnetic material incorporated into the distal tip of a catheter can also act as the marker relied upon by the physician to track the location of the catheter and the location of the vibration source within the patient's vasculature through currently known and used visualization systems. Furthermore, because the applied magnetic field of the present invention, as discussed below, acts solely upon the magnetic material, the physician is better able to localize the delivery of vibrations near the target site. In addition, disposing the magnetic material near or at the distal tip of a catheter increases the amplitude at which the catheter will vibrate in an oscillating magnetic field of a given strength because the plastic body of the catheter, which tends to dampen the vibratory motion experienced by the magnetic material, will be disposed on only one side of the magnetic material.
  • a pulsed magnetic field source 40 is disposed next to the patient in as close proximity to the intrabody object as practicable, as dictated by the location of the object within the patient.
  • a pulsed magnetic source is meant a magnetic field generator that generates an oscillating magnetic field, i.e., a field that repeatedly rises and falls in strength and that may or may not reverse direction from one cycle to the next.
  • the magnetic field may be one that rises from a minimum amplitude (such as zero) to a maximum amplitude, decreases back to the minimum amplitude, then increases back again to the maximum amplitude in a repeated cycle.
  • the magnetic field may be ‘clipped’ upon reaching the maximum amplitude to instantaneously fall back to the minimum amplitude.
  • the magnetic field may also oscillate between opposite polarities, thus falling from a first maximum amplitude to zero, reversing direction and rising to a second maximum amplitude of opposite polarity to that of the first maximum amplitude, then falling back to zero and reversing direction again.
  • the actual magnetic field source employed may produce an oscillating magnetic field having practically any type of amplitude curve, whether sinusoidal, saw-tooth, square, triangular, clipped sinusoidal, etc.
  • the magnetic field generated must reach a maximum amplitude of sufficient strength to penetrate through the patient's body 30 to the target site 20 and motivate the magnetic object 10 disposed within by attracting the object, thus inducing an oscillating, or vibrating, mechanical motion in the object in phase with that is the oscillating magnetic field produced by the pulsed magnetic source.
  • the vibrating motion preferably will be concentrated at the tip 50 of the object 10 to enhance the amplitude of the vibrations and to allow the surgeon to more precisely localize the delivery of the vibrating mechanical energy to the immediate area of interest or other mass to be affected.
  • the maximum amplitude that the applied magnetic field must reach is dependent upon a number of variables, including the size, shape, and weight of the intrabody object, the amount of magnetic material incorporated into the object, the distance and amount of tissue between the magnetic field source and the object, the frequency and wave shape of the oscillating magnetic field and, of course, the particular application for which the vibrations are being generated.
  • the frequency at which the magnetic field oscillates must be adjusted to each individual application and thus, as an example, a guidewire being advanced into the vasculature of the patient may be vibrated in the kHz range to facilitate advancing the guidewire through the vasculature and then, upon reaching the target site of a thrombus, be vibrated in the MHz range to break up the thrombus.
  • the frequency at which the magnetic field is oscillated, and thus the frequency at which the intrabody object is vibrated is varied over a predetermined range to ensure that the various resonance frequencies of the target thrombi are each reached repeatedly.
  • the structure of the thrombus is shattered much more quickly than at other frequencies.
  • the frequency of the oscillating field up and down over a predetermined range of frequencies, the particular resonance frequency of any thrombi at any given point in time will be reached repeatedly by the vibrating intrabody object, regardless of how often or to what degree the existing thrombi are being shattered and new ones being created.
  • any vibrating device such as a laser vaporizer disposed at the distal tip of a catheter, or external ultrasound generators equipped with ultrasound focusing lenses, may be operated so as to generate ultrasounds, RF, electromagnetic, or other vibrations that vary continuously, or in discrete steps, over a predetermined range of frequencies and thus repeatedly vibrate the target tissue at its resonance frequency.
  • the concept of applying vibrations of constantly varying frequency to break up tissue a concept that is part of the present invention disclosed herein, can therefore be applied to previously known methods and devices to improve their performance and safety at relatively low cost and with relatively minor modifications to existing equipment.
  • a Model HP3314A signal generator may be electrically connected to a power audio amplifier such as the Precedent Series Model 1100A available from AB International, Inc., Roseville, Calif.
  • the output of the amplifier may in turn be electrically connected to an electromagnet so as to cause the electromagnet to generate a magnetic field with an amplitude and/or frequency that oscillates according to the control signal generated by the HP signal generator.
  • a magnetic object such as for example a ferrous bead, needs to be internally disposed proximal to the target tissue to vibrate the tissue.
  • the equipment may now be operated according to the method of the present invention by activating the signal generator and adjusting the signal thereby generated to the constraints of the desired function, which will in turn control the frequency and/or amplitude of the electric signal generated by the power amplifier and supplied to the electromagnet to generate a magnetic field that oscillates according to the same function.
  • the magnetic field thus generated will magnetically attract the ferrous bead and thus induce vibrations therein that will impact the target tissue and whose frequency, magnitude and/or direction will likewise oscillate according to the function generated by the signal generator.
  • the pulsed magnetic field source is in the form of an electromagnet supplied with electric alternating current.
  • the electromagnet is comprised of a coil wound around a nonmagnetic core such as plastic or aluminum.
  • the alternating current flows through the coil to periodically magnetize the core, thus giving rise to a magnetic field that rises and falls in synchronicity with the frequency of the alternating current and is of an amplitude proportional to the amplitude of the alternating current.
  • the amplitude and frequency of the vibrations induced in the intrabody object can be varied, in keeping with the previous discussion, by varying the magnitude and the frequency, respectively, of the alternating current that is supplied to the electromagnet.
  • experiments have been conducted utilizing a custom built electromagnet consisting of a coil comprising 80 turns of #18 AWG copper wire wrapped around a plastic tubular core of plastic measuring 10 cm in diameter and 4 cm in length.
  • the vibration amplitude achieved by the magnetic object is independent of its size, and is proportional to its magnetic permeability and the magnetic field, or flux density, gradient, and inversely proportional to the frequency at which the magnetic field oscillates.
  • the energy absorbed by the object is proportional to its mass. Therefore, initial experimental results appear to indicate that the preferred application of the method of the present invention includes relatively low magnetic field oscillating frequencies, high magnetic field flux density (H) and density gradient ( ⁇ H/ ⁇ x), and an object incorporating magnetic material having high magnetic permeability ( ⁇ ) and susceptibility ( ⁇ ).
  • the concept of constantly changing the vibrations emitted by the intrabody object may also be practiced by alternatenz the amplitude, rather than the frequency, of the vibrations. In this manner, the vibrations generated by the object can repeatedly penetrate the surrounding tissue over a deeper to a shallower range. Such an approach could be employed when attempting to break up especially large thrombi to ensure that the entire mass of the thrombus is vibrated at least periodically while minimizing the amount of vibrational energy delivered to surrounding healthy tissue.
  • both the frequency and the amplitude of the oscillating magnetic field may be varied over predetermined ranges, and may be synchronized such that the vibrations of highest amplitude are emitted at the highest frequencies, or alternatively at the lowest frequencies, or in any other relationship to the amplitude that the user of the present method may desire to practice.
  • the frequencies that affect surrounding tissue the most can be generated with the lowest amplitudes, and vice versa.
  • the method of the present invention can also be employed to assist the advancement of a guidewire or similar device through a patient's vasculature by applying the oscillating magnetic field to the device while it is being inserted through the vasculature, thereby reducing the friction encountered by the device against the vessel walls.
  • the method of the present invention is not restricted to use with temporarily deployed intrabody devices. but can be applied with equal success to such permanent devices as expanded stents and other prostheses for the purpose of breaking up endothelial formations or clots, and filters for breaking up any clots trapped therein.
  • two pulsed magnetic field sources may be placed on either side of the intrabody object and synchronized such that the magnetic fields emitted by the two sources oscillate out of phase but at equal frequencies. In this manner the two fields are always oriented in the same direction such that one of the magnetic sources exerts an attractive force upon the object out of phase with the other magnetic source.
  • the advantage to such an arrangement resides in the fact that it creates no net force upon the object and thus does not stress the patient's tissue.
  • the variation on the method of the present invention detailed above may be further enhanced by positioning two or more time-varying magnetic sources 40 around the intrabody object 10 spaced relative to one another, and optionally synchronizing the frequencies of the oscillating fields such that they lag one another by 60°, 90°, 120°, or any other amount, thereby inducing a three dimensional vibratory motion 10 ′ in the intrabody object such as a circular motion, as opposed to a two-dimensional linear motion as would typically be induced by a single magnetic field source.
  • three dimensional vibrating motions 10 ′ would help a guidewire navigate an especially tortuous pathway, or break up a large thrombus 60 with greater efficiency and expediency.
  • a rotating device such as a clot ablation tip or a motor or a blood micropump can be disposed within a patient and then induced to rotate at practically any desired speed by multiple pulsed magnetic sources disposed outside of the patient and spaced around the tip, and operated in the manner described previously.
  • rotational motion can be induced by a single magnetic source that generates a constant magnetic field and is itself physically rotated, or even vibrated, thereby inducing rotational or vibrational motion in the intrabody device.

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US10/007,755 1998-06-30 2001-10-25 Apparatus and method for inducing vibrations in a living body Abandoned US20020040184A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

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US10/007,755 US20020040184A1 (en) 1998-06-30 2001-10-25 Apparatus and method for inducing vibrations in a living body
US10/340,438 US20030105382A1 (en) 1998-06-30 2003-01-09 Apparatus and method for inducing vibrations in a living body
US11/712,869 US8500619B2 (en) 1998-06-30 2007-02-28 Apparatus and method for inducing vibrations in a living body

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US10787998A 1998-06-30 1998-06-30
US10/007,755 US20020040184A1 (en) 1998-06-30 2001-10-25 Apparatus and method for inducing vibrations in a living body

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US10/340,438 Abandoned US20030105382A1 (en) 1998-06-30 2003-01-09 Apparatus and method for inducing vibrations in a living body
US11/712,869 Expired - Fee Related US8500619B2 (en) 1998-06-30 2007-02-28 Apparatus and method for inducing vibrations in a living body

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US20060173387A1 (en) * 2004-12-10 2006-08-03 Douglas Hansmann Externally enhanced ultrasonic therapy
US20060184070A1 (en) * 2004-11-12 2006-08-17 Hansmann Douglas R External ultrasonic therapy
US20070161951A1 (en) * 2004-01-29 2007-07-12 Ekos Corporation Treatment of vascular occlusions using elevated temperatures
US20090082705A1 (en) * 2007-04-06 2009-03-26 Asfora Wilson T Analgesic implant device and system
US20110066160A1 (en) * 2008-04-03 2011-03-17 The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York Systems and methods for inserting steerable arrays into anatomical structures
US8226629B1 (en) 2002-04-01 2012-07-24 Ekos Corporation Ultrasonic catheter power control
US8460373B2 (en) 2002-12-20 2013-06-11 Medtronic, Inc. Method for implanting a heart valve within an annulus of a patient
US8512264B1 (en) 2007-04-06 2013-08-20 Wilson T. Asfora Analgesic implant device and system
US20130281897A1 (en) * 2003-09-04 2013-10-24 Ahof Biophysical Systems Inc. Non-invasive reperfusion system by deformation of remote, superficial arteries at a frequency much greater than the pulse rate
US8747463B2 (en) 2003-08-22 2014-06-10 Medtronic, Inc. Methods of using a prosthesis fixturing device
US20140336545A1 (en) * 2004-09-20 2014-11-13 P Tech, Llc Acoustic therapy device
US10656025B2 (en) 2015-06-10 2020-05-19 Ekos Corporation Ultrasound catheter
US10926074B2 (en) 2001-12-03 2021-02-23 Ekos Corporation Catheter with multiple ultrasound radiating members
US11672553B2 (en) 2007-06-22 2023-06-13 Ekos Corporation Method and apparatus for treatment of intracranial hemorrhages
US11925367B2 (en) 2007-01-08 2024-03-12 Ekos Corporation Power parameters for ultrasonic catheter

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US6626940B2 (en) * 2001-06-15 2003-09-30 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Medical device activation system
US9014786B2 (en) 2005-05-11 2015-04-21 Eyoca Medical Ltd. Device and method for opening vascular obstructions
IL179618A0 (en) 2006-11-27 2007-10-31 Eyoca Medical Ltd Device for inducing vibrations
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EP1091787A4 (fr) 2004-06-16
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AU758038B2 (en) 2003-03-13
WO2000000252A1 (fr) 2000-01-06
CA2335917A1 (fr) 2000-01-06
CA2335917C (fr) 2006-10-31
EP1091787A1 (fr) 2001-04-18
US20030105382A1 (en) 2003-06-05
US20070276217A1 (en) 2007-11-29

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