US20020010332A1 - Process for preparing highly pure formylphenyboronic acids - Google Patents
Process for preparing highly pure formylphenyboronic acids Download PDFInfo
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- US20020010332A1 US20020010332A1 US09/897,566 US89756601A US2002010332A1 US 20020010332 A1 US20020010332 A1 US 20020010332A1 US 89756601 A US89756601 A US 89756601A US 2002010332 A1 US2002010332 A1 US 2002010332A1
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- Prior art keywords
- formylphenylboronic
- acid
- purity
- boronic acid
- acids
- Prior art date
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Links
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N boronic acid Chemical compound OBO ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- KFIFDKLIFPYSAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formyloxy(phenyl)borinic acid Chemical compound O=COB(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KFIFDKLIFPYSAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000005620 boronic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012450 pharmaceutical intermediate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 O-phenyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000051 benzyloxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004642 (C1-C12) alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004400 (C1-C12) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006710 (C2-C12) alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006711 (C2-C12) alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 11
- VXWBQOJISHAKKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-formylphenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 VXWBQOJISHAKKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NZNRMUVHUVCIBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-fluoro-4-formylphenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=C(C=O)C(F)=C1 NZNRMUVHUVCIBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YJQDBKGGRPJSOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-formyl-4-methoxyphenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(B(O)O)C=C1C=O YJQDBKGGRPJSOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HJBGZJMKTOMQRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-formylphenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=CC(C=O)=C1 HJBGZJMKTOMQRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AOSPKIPETNIPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC.CC.CC.CC.CC=O.OB(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound CC.CC.CC.CC.CC=O.OB(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 AOSPKIPETNIPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005684 Liebig rearrangement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001543 aryl boronic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000229 (C1-C4)alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- MFYSUUPKMDJYPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(4-methyl-2-nitrophenyl)diazenyl]-3-oxo-n-phenylbutanamide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC(=O)C(C(=O)C)N=NC1=CC=C(C)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O MFYSUUPKMDJYPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SIAVMDKGVRXFAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-carboxyphenylboronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 SIAVMDKGVRXFAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005705 Cannizzaro reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003747 Grignard reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical class CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PZRPBPMLSSNFOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]boronic acid Chemical compound OCC1=CC=C(B(O)O)C=C1 PZRPBPMLSSNFOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006656 (C2-C4) alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSARLBBKFUDDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N BC1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC=O.CC=O.CC=O.CC=O.CC=O.CO.COC.OBC1=CC=CC=C1.[H]C Chemical compound BC1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC.CC=O.CC=O.CC=O.CC=O.CC=O.CO.COC.OBC1=CC=CC=C1.[H]C HSARLBBKFUDDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000882 C2-C6 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- APPJPCOJOCVSMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M [Br-].CCOC(OCC)C1=CC=C([Mg+])C=C1 Chemical compound [Br-].CCOC(OCC)C1=CC=C([Mg+])C=C1 APPJPCOJOCVSMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- UYANAUSDHIFLFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N borinic acid Chemical class OB UYANAUSDHIFLFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004029 hydroxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002900 organolithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002938 p-xylenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006413 ring segment Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- SMQUZDBALVYZAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylaldehyde Chemical class OC1=CC=CC=C1C=O SMQUZDBALVYZAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- LGQXXHMEBUOXRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl borate Chemical compound CCCCOB(OCCCC)OCCCC LGQXXHMEBUOXRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHDIQVFFNDKAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropan-2-yl borate Chemical compound CC(C)OB(OC(C)C)OC(C)C NHDIQVFFNDKAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003738 xylenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/02—Boron compounds
- C07F5/025—Boronic and borinic acid compounds
Definitions
- Formylphenylboronic acid and its substituted derivatives are customarily synthesized from the corresponding haloaromatic either as described in Liebigs Ann. 1995,1253-1257 and Chem. Ber. 123 (1990) 1841-1843 in a yield of 94% or 78% by reaction of the corresponding protective bromoaromatic with magnesium in a Grignard reaction and subsequent addition of trialkyl borate or as described in Tetrahedron Lett 1998, 39, 7537-7540, in a yield of 99% by reaction of the corresponding protected bromoaromatic with butyllithium at ⁇ 78° C. and subsequent reaction with triisopropyl borate to form the corresponding formylphenylboronic acid.
- the impurities interfere when the product is used as precursor for liquid-crystalline compounds, as liquid crystals or as constituent of liquid-crystalline mixtures, in particular when the product is used as pharmaceutical intermediate or generally in applications which require very high purity.
- Boronic acids are usually isolated from the reaction mixture by hydrolyzing the suspension from the borate addition and, after phase separation, distilling tetrahydrofuran (THF) from the homogeneous organic phase. During the distillation, the boronic acid precipitates from the solution and can be separated off by filtration.
- THF tetrahydrofuran
- the organic impurities can be separated off only incompletely, if at all, by this method.
- R 1 to R 4 are each, independently of one another, hydrogen, C 1 -C 12 -alkyl, C 2 -C 12 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 12 -alkynyl, C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl, C 1 -C 12 -alkoxy, O-phenyl, O-benzyl, aryl, heteroaryl, fluorine, N(alkyl) 2 , N[Si(C 1 -C 4 -alkyl) 3 ] 2 or CF 3 , or R 1 and R 2 , and/or R 3 and R 4 , together form an aliphatic or aromatic ring, by dissolving the crude formylphenylboronic acids in an alkaline solvent having a pH in the range from 8 to 11, preferably a pH in the range from 9 to 11, separating off the crude formylphenylboronic acids in an alkaline solvent having a pH in the range from 8 to 11, preferably a pH in the range from
- R 1 to R 4 are each hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, O-phenyl, O-benzyl, aryl, heteroaryl, fluorine, N(C 1 -C 4 -alkyl) 2 , or CF 3 , or R 1 and R 2 , and/or R 3 and R 4 , together form a saturated or unsaturated ring having not more than five or six ring atoms.
- R 1 to R 4 are each hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 2 -C 4 -alkenyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, aryl, fluorine, N(C 1 -C 4 -alkyl) 2 or CF 3 , or R 1 and R 2 , and/or R 3 and R 4 , together form a fused-on cyclohexyl structure, cyclopentyl structure or together with the aromatic ring a naphthyl structure.
- the isolated crude formylphenylboronic acids are dissolved in an alkaline solvent such as aqueous solutions of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal oxides, hydroxides, carbonates or phosphates. Preference is given to using sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide solutions.
- the pH is in a range from 8 to 11, preferably from 9 to 11, particularly preferably from 9.5 to 10.5.
- pH values of >11 Cannizzaro products are formed, as described above.
- the organic impurities which are insoluble in the aqueous solutions used can subsequently be removed by adsorption on activated carbon or extraction with inert, water-immiscible organic solvents, for example aliphatic hydrocarbons such as various heptanes, octanes, cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, o-, m-, p-xylenes, chlorobenzene, o-, m-, p-dichlorobenzene or ethers such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dibutyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether or methyl ethyl ketone or methyl isobutyl ketone, to name only a few.
- aliphatic hydrocarbons such as various heptanes, octanes, cyclic
- the boronic acid is precipitated again in highly pure form by acidification of the alkaline boronic acid solution.
- inorganic mineral acids preference is given to using sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or phosphoric acid.
- Organic acids which can be used are, for example, formic acid or acetic acid.
- the purification i.e. the alkaline dissolution procedure, is carried out at temperatures of from 5 to 50° C., preferably from 5 to 25° C., particularly preferably from 5 to 10° C.
- Purification at higher temperatures leads to decomposition products of the formyl function, e.g. in the form of a Cannizzaro reaction to give the corresponding carboxy and hydroxymethyl function.
- they are thus, according to the invention, dissolved at a pH in the range from 8 to 11. This can be achieved, for example, by suspending the crude boronic acid in water and subsequently adjusting the pH of the solution to a value in the range from 8 to 11 by means of an aqueous base solution or the base itself.
- the process of the invention makes it possible to prepare arylboronic acids having a purity of ⁇ 99%, in particular ⁇ 99.5%, in a suitable and economical manner.
- the arylboronic acids obtained in this way are very useful as precursors for liquid-crystalline compounds, as constituents of liquid-crystalline mixtures or as pharmaceutical intermediates.
- Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 is repeated using adsorption on 25 g of activated carbon, giving 4-formylphenylboronic acid having a purity of 99.4%.
- methyl t-butyl ether 1 l of methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is subsequently added and the mixture is hydrolyzed at 5-10° C. using 650 g of 1M sulfuric acid.
- the aqueous phase was separated off and extracted three times with 500 ml each time of methyl t-butyl ether.
- the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure and the crude boronic acid was once again taken up in 0.5 l of water and 185 ml of 5N aqueous potassium hydroxide (pH 14) at 5° C.
- the aqueous phase was extracted once with 250 ml of MTBE and subsequently, at 5° C., brought to a pH of 1 using 400 ml of 1M sulfuric acid.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
where the formyl function is located in the ortho, meta or para position relative to the boronic acid function, by dissolving the crude formylphenylboronic acids in an alkaline solvent having a pH in the range from 8 to 11 separating off the insoluble organic impurities and subsequently acidifying the alkaline boronic acid solution and separating off and working up the precipitated boronic acid. The crude formylphenylboronic acid is preferably dissolved in aqueous alkali metal or alkaline earth metal oxide, hydroxide, carbonate or phosphate solutions at temperatures in the range from 5 to 50° C. The formylphenylboronic acids obtained have a purity of ≧99% and are suitable as precursors for liquid-crystalline compounds, as liquid crystals or as constituents of liquid-crystalline mixtures or as pharmaceutical intermediates.
Description
- Formylphenylboronic acid and its substituted derivatives are customarily synthesized from the corresponding haloaromatic either as described in Liebigs Ann. 1995,1253-1257 and Chem. Ber. 123 (1990) 1841-1843 in a yield of 94% or 78% by reaction of the corresponding protective bromoaromatic with magnesium in a Grignard reaction and subsequent addition of trialkyl borate or as described in Tetrahedron Lett 1998, 39, 7537-7540, in a yield of 99% by reaction of the corresponding protected bromoaromatic with butyllithium at −78° C. and subsequent reaction with triisopropyl borate to form the corresponding formylphenylboronic acid.
- However, for the industrial preparation it is disadvantageous that a high purity can be achieved only at very low (−78° C.) and thus uneconomical temperatures and with the use of expensive organolithium compounds.
- Higher temperatures both in the preparation of the organometallic compound (reflux temperature of THF in the Grignard step) and also temperatures of >−40° C. in the addition of the trialkylboric ester onto the organometallic compound frequently result in a product of unsatisfactory purity. The most frequent organic impurities are the corresponding triarylboranes and borinic acids or benzaldehyde and the correspondingly substituted hydroxybenzaldehydes and bisformylbiphenyls which can be formed during the Grignard reaction.
- The impurities interfere when the product is used as precursor for liquid-crystalline compounds, as liquid crystals or as constituent of liquid-crystalline mixtures, in particular when the product is used as pharmaceutical intermediate or generally in applications which require very high purity.
- Boronic acids are usually isolated from the reaction mixture by hydrolyzing the suspension from the borate addition and, after phase separation, distilling tetrahydrofuran (THF) from the homogeneous organic phase. During the distillation, the boronic acid precipitates from the solution and can be separated off by filtration.
- The organic impurities can be separated off only incompletely, if at all, by this method.
- It is possible to remove the above-described impurities by means of multiple extraction with toluene and to recrystallize the boronic acid as described in Chem. Ber. 123 (1990) 1841-1843, with great losses of yield from water or from hydrochloric acid (Synthesis 1999, 2041-2044).
- Furthermore, Liebigs Ann. 1995,1253-1257, describes the purification of 4-formylphenylboronic acid by dissolution in aqueous potassium hydroxide at pH 14, extraction of the aqueous solution with methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) and subsequent precipitation of the boronic acid by means of sulfuric acid. Contamination visible in the NMR of 5-7% is described in the publication. Our own experiments on this showed that, for example, 4-formylphenylboronic acid reacts to a considerable extent in a Cannizzaro reaction in aqueous alkaline medium above a pH of >11. The 4-carboxyphenylboronic acid and 4-(hydroxymethyl)-phenylboronic acid formed can be separated from the mixture only with great difficulty.
- It is an object of the invention to provide a process for purifying formylphenylboronic acid and its derivatives which allows the formylphenylboronic acid to be prepared in high purity and does not have the disadvantages described.
-
- where the formyl function is located in the ortho, meta or para position, preferably in the para position, relative to the boronic acid function and R 1 to R4 are each, independently of one another, hydrogen, C1-C12-alkyl, C2-C12-alkenyl, C2-C12-alkynyl, C3-C12-cycloalkyl, C1-C12-alkoxy, O-phenyl, O-benzyl, aryl, heteroaryl, fluorine, N(alkyl)2, N[Si(C1-C4-alkyl)3]2 or CF3, or R1 and R2, and/or R3 and R4, together form an aliphatic or aromatic ring, by dissolving the crude formylphenylboronic acids in an alkaline solvent having a pH in the range from 8 to 11, preferably a pH in the range from 9 to 11, separating off the insoluble organic impurities and subsequently acidifying the alkaline boronic acid solution and separating off and working up the precipitated boronic acid.
- In formula (I), it is preferred that R 1 to R4 are each hydrogen, C1-C6-alkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, C1-C4-alkoxy, O-phenyl, O-benzyl, aryl, heteroaryl, fluorine, N(C1-C4-alkyl)2, or CF3, or R1 and R2, and/or R3 and R4, together form a saturated or unsaturated ring having not more than five or six ring atoms.
- Particularly preferably, R 1 to R4 are each hydrogen, C1-C4-alkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl, C1-C4-alkoxy, aryl, fluorine, N(C1-C4-alkyl)2 or CF3, or R1 and R2, and/or R3 and R4, together form a fused-on cyclohexyl structure, cyclopentyl structure or together with the aromatic ring a naphthyl structure.
- In the present process, the isolated crude formylphenylboronic acids are dissolved in an alkaline solvent such as aqueous solutions of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal oxides, hydroxides, carbonates or phosphates. Preference is given to using sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide solutions.
- In the dissolution, it has to be ensured that the pH is in a range from 8 to 11, preferably from 9 to 11, particularly preferably from 9.5 to 10.5. At pH values of >11, Cannizzaro products are formed, as described above.
- The organic impurities which are insoluble in the aqueous solutions used can subsequently be removed by adsorption on activated carbon or extraction with inert, water-immiscible organic solvents, for example aliphatic hydrocarbons such as various heptanes, octanes, cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, o-, m-, p-xylenes, chlorobenzene, o-, m-, p-dichlorobenzene or ethers such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dibutyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether or methyl ethyl ketone or methyl isobutyl ketone, to name only a few.
- Preference is given to using toluene, xylene or xylene derivatives, methyl tert-butyl ether.
- After the impurities have been separated off, the boronic acid is precipitated again in highly pure form by acidification of the alkaline boronic acid solution. As inorganic mineral acids, preference is given to using sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or phosphoric acid. Organic acids which can be used are, for example, formic acid or acetic acid.
- Preference is given to using hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid for acidification. Filtration, washing and drying gives the highly pure arylboronic acid.
- The purification, i.e. the alkaline dissolution procedure, is carried out at temperatures of from 5 to 50° C., preferably from 5 to 25° C., particularly preferably from 5 to 10° C. Purification at higher temperatures leads to decomposition products of the formyl function, e.g. in the form of a Cannizzaro reaction to give the corresponding carboxy and hydroxymethyl function. To avoid decomposition of the formylphenylboronic acids, they are thus, according to the invention, dissolved at a pH in the range from 8 to 11. This can be achieved, for example, by suspending the crude boronic acid in water and subsequently adjusting the pH of the solution to a value in the range from 8 to 11 by means of an aqueous base solution or the base itself.
- The process of the invention makes it possible to prepare arylboronic acids having a purity of ≧99%, in particular ≧99.5%, in a suitable and economical manner. The arylboronic acids obtained in this way are very useful as precursors for liquid-crystalline compounds, as constituents of liquid-crystalline mixtures or as pharmaceutical intermediates.
- 385 g of crude 4-formylphenylboronic acid (purity according to HPLC: 95%) are suspended in 2 l of water and cooled to 10° C. 1025 ml of 10% strength aqueous sodium hydroxide are added dropwise over a period of 3.5 hours at such a rate that the internal temperature does not exceed 10° C. and the pH does not exceed 10.5. After the mixture has been stirred for another 30 minutes, the precipitate is filtered off, the aqueous phase is then extracted twice with 250 ml each time of toluene. The boronic acid is subsequently precipitated again at an internal temperature of 10° C by means of 230 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid. The precipitate is filtered off, washed with water and dried at 50° C. in a stream of nitrogen. This gives 345 g of 4-formylphenylboronic acid (94% of theory) as a pale yellow solid having a purity of 99.6% (HPLC).
- The procedure of Example 1 is repeated using adsorption on 25 g of activated carbon, giving 4-formylphenylboronic acid having a purity of 99.4%.
- 250 g of crude 3-formylphenylboronic acid (purity according to HPLC: 96%) are suspended in 1300 ml of water and cooled to 10° C. 670 ml of 10% strength aqueous sodium hydroxide are added dropwise over a period of 2.5 hours at such a rate that the internal temperature does not exceed 10° C. and the pH does not exceed 10.5. After the mixture has been stirred for another 30 minutes, the precipitate is filtered off, the aqueous phase is then extracted twice with 150 ml each time of toluene. The boronic acid is subsequently precipitated again at an internal temperature of 10° C. by means of 150 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid. The precipitate is filtered off, washed with water and dried at 50° C. in a stream of nitrogen. This gives 237.1 g of 3-formylphenylboronic acid (95% of theory) as a pale yellow solid having a purity of 99.5% (HPLC).
- 23 g of crude 2-formylnaphthyl-1-boronic acid (purity according to HPLC: 96%) are suspended in 100 ml of water and cooled to 10° C. 48 ml of 10% strength aqueous sodium hydroxide are added dropwise over a period of 1 hour at such a rate that the internal temperature does not exceed 10° C. and the pH does not exceed 10.5. After the mixture has been stirred for another 10 minutes, the precipitate is filtered off, the aqueous phase is then extracted twice with 50 ml each time of toluene. The boronic acid is subsequently precipitated again at an internal temperature of 10° C. by means of 45 ml of 10% strength hydrochloric acid. The precipitate is filtered off, washed with water and dried at 50° C. in a stream of nitrogen. This gives 20.5 g of 2-formyl-naphthyl-1-boronic acid (89% of theory) as a light-yellow solid having a purity of 99.3% (HPLC).
- 33 g of crude 3-fluoro-4-formylphenylboronic acid (purity according to HPLC: 93%) are suspended in 250 ml of water and cooled to 10° C. 75 ml of 10% strength aqueous sodium hydroxide are added dropwise over a period of 1.5 hour at such a rate that the internal temperature does not exceed 10° C. and the pH does not exceed 10.5. After the mixture has been stirred for another 10 minutes, the precipitate is filtered off, the aqueous phase is then extracted twice with 50 ml each time of toluene. The boronic acid is subsequently precipitated again at an internal temperature of 10° C. by means of 77 ml of 10% strength hydrochloric acid. The precipitate is filtered off, washed with water and dried at 50° C. in a stream of nitrogen. This gives 29 g of 3-fluoro-4-formylphenylboronic acid (94.4% of theory) as a light-yellow solid having a purity of 99.7% (HPLC).
- 25 g of crude 3-formyl-4-methoxyphenylboronic acid (purity according to HPLC: 96%) are suspended in 200 ml of water and cooled to 10° C. 58 ml of 10% strength aqueous sodium hydroxide are added dropwise over a period of 1.5 hour at such a rate that the internal temperature does not exceed 10° C. and the pH does not exceed 10.5. After the mixture has been stirred for another 10 minutes, the precipitate is filtered off, the aqueous phase is then extracted twice with 50 ml each time of toluene. The boronic acid is subsequently precipitated again at an internal temperature of 10° C. by means of 60 ml of 10% strength hydrochloric acid. The precipitate is filtered off, washed with water and dried at 50° C. in a stream of nitrogen. This gives 22.1 g of 3-formyl-4-methoxyphenylboronic acid (92% of theory) as a colorless solid having a purity of 99.6% (HPLC).
- Using a method based on that in Liebigs Ann. 1995, 1253-1257, a solution of 120 g of tri-n-butyl borate in 250 g of dry tetrahydrofuran was placed under nitrogen in a dried 2 l flask fitted with a dropping funnel and cooled to -50° C. 535 g of a 26.5% strength solution of 4-diethoxymethylphenylmagnesium bromide in THF are then added dropwise at such a rate that the internal temperature does not exceed −40 to −50° C. The mixture is subsequently stirred at −50° C for another 1 hour. 1 l of methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is subsequently added and the mixture is hydrolyzed at 5-10° C. using 650 g of 1M sulfuric acid. The aqueous phase was separated off and extracted three times with 500 ml each time of methyl t-butyl ether. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure and the crude boronic acid was once again taken up in 0.5 l of water and 185 ml of 5N aqueous potassium hydroxide (pH 14) at 5° C. The aqueous phase was extracted once with 250 ml of MTBE and subsequently, at 5° C., brought to a pH of 1 using 400 ml of 1M sulfuric acid. The precipitate was filtered off, washed twice with 150 ml of ice water and dried. This gives 66.1 g of 4-formylphenylboronic acid (88% of theory) comprising, according to HPLC, 89% of 4-formylphenylboronic acid, 4% of 4-carboxyphenylboronic acid, 3.8% of 4-hydroxymethylphenylboronic acid.
Claims (11)
1. A process for purifying formylphenylboronic acids of the formula (I)
where the formyl function is located in the ortho, meta or para position relative to the boronic acid function and R1 to R4 are each, independently of one another, hydrogen, C1-C12-alkyl, C2-C12-alkenyl, C2-C12-alkynyl, C3-C12-cycloalkyl, C1-C12-alkoxy, O-phenyl, O-benzyl, aryl, heteroaryl, fluorine, N(alkyl)2, N[Si(C1-C4-alkyl)3]2 or CF3, or R1 and R2, and/or R3 and R4, together form an aliphatic or aromatic ring, by dissolving the crude formylphenylboronic acids in an alkaline solvent having a pH in the range from 8 to 11, separating off the insoluble organic impurities and subsequently acidifying the alkaline boronic acid solution and separating off and working up the precipitated boronic acid.
2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the crude formylphenylboronic acid is dissolved in aqueous alkali metal or alkaline earth metal oxide, hydroxide, carbonate or phosphate solutions.
3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the purification is carried out temperatures in the range from 5 to 50° C.
4. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the organic impurities are removed by adsorption on activated carbon or extraction with inert, water-immiscible solvents.
5. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the formylphenylboronic acid obtained has a purity of ≧99%.
6. A formylphenylboronic acid of the the formula (I) having a purity of ≧99%, obtainable by a process as claimed in claim 1 .
7. The use of a formylphenylboronic acid as claimed in claim 6 as precursor for liquid-crystalline compounds, as liquid crystals or as a constituent of liquid-crystalline mixtures or as a pharmaceutical intermediate.
8. The process as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the purification is carried out temperatures in the range from 5 to 50° C.
9. The process as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the organic impurities are removed by adsorption on activated carbon or extraction with inert, water-immiscible solvents.
10. The process as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the formylphenylboronic acid obtained has a purity of ≧99%.
11. A formylphenylboronic acid of the the formula (I) having a purity of ≧99%, obtainable by a process as claimed in claim 2.
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| US10/162,485 US20030055283A1 (en) | 2000-07-01 | 2002-06-04 | Process for preparing highly pure formylphenylboronic acids |
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| DE10032017A DE10032017A1 (en) | 2000-07-01 | 2000-07-01 | Process for the production of high-purity formylphenylboronic acids |
| DE10032017.1 | 2000-07-01 | ||
| DE10032017 | 2000-07-01 |
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| US10/162,485 Abandoned US20030055283A1 (en) | 2000-07-01 | 2002-06-04 | Process for preparing highly pure formylphenylboronic acids |
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| US (2) | US6420597B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1167371A2 (en) |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6833470B2 (en) | 2000-12-14 | 2004-12-21 | Clariant Gmbh | Method for producing formylphenylboronic acids |
| CN105541887A (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2016-05-04 | 沧州普瑞东方科技有限公司 | Method for preparing 3-fluorine-2-aldehyde phenylboronic acid |
| US9549938B2 (en) | 2005-02-16 | 2017-01-24 | Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Boron-containing small molecules |
| US11098007B2 (en) | 2016-06-24 | 2021-08-24 | Kyowa Hakko Bio Co., Ltd. | Crystal of amino acid salt of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid and production method thereof |
| US11447506B2 (en) | 2016-05-09 | 2022-09-20 | Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Crystal forms of crisaborole in free form and preparation method and use thereof |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19917979A1 (en) * | 1999-04-21 | 2000-10-26 | Clariant Gmbh | Process for the preparation of substituted phenylboronic acids |
| IL150907A (en) * | 2002-07-25 | 2007-07-04 | Stephan Cherkez | Process for the preparation of stable amorphous calcium pseudomonate |
| AU2003269474A1 (en) * | 2003-08-26 | 2005-03-10 | Biocon Limited | Process for purification of boronic acid and its derivatives |
| CN102532180B (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2016-06-29 | 安纳考尔医药公司 | The little molecule of boracic |
| WO2012150206A2 (en) | 2011-05-04 | 2012-11-08 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Novel cyclopropanoic acid ester derivatives as pest control agents |
| WO2012150207A1 (en) | 2011-05-04 | 2012-11-08 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Use of cyclopropanecarboxylic acid ester derivatives for controlling insecticide-resistant insects |
| CN105037408B (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2017-03-22 | 沧州普瑞东方科技有限公司 | Method for preparing formyl phenylboronic acid |
| SG11202003762VA (en) | 2017-11-01 | 2020-05-28 | Melinta Therapeutics Inc | Synthesis of boronate ester derivatives and uses thereof |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5157149A (en) * | 1991-06-04 | 1992-10-20 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Enantioselective synthesis of L-(-)-4- boronophenylalanine (L-BPA) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US3714206A (en) * | 1968-12-02 | 1973-01-30 | Gruenenthal Chemie | Benzo-2,3,1-diazaborines |
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2000
- 2000-07-01 DE DE10032017A patent/DE10032017A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-06-20 EP EP01114931A patent/EP1167371A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-06-29 JP JP2001198632A patent/JP2002053583A/en active Pending
- 2001-07-02 US US09/897,566 patent/US6420597B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5157149A (en) * | 1991-06-04 | 1992-10-20 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Enantioselective synthesis of L-(-)-4- boronophenylalanine (L-BPA) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6833470B2 (en) | 2000-12-14 | 2004-12-21 | Clariant Gmbh | Method for producing formylphenylboronic acids |
| US9549938B2 (en) | 2005-02-16 | 2017-01-24 | Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Boron-containing small molecules |
| US9566289B2 (en) | 2005-02-16 | 2017-02-14 | Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Boron-containing small molecules |
| US9566290B2 (en) | 2005-02-16 | 2017-02-14 | Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Boron-containing small molecules |
| US9572823B2 (en) | 2005-02-16 | 2017-02-21 | Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Boron-containing small molecules |
| CN105541887A (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2016-05-04 | 沧州普瑞东方科技有限公司 | Method for preparing 3-fluorine-2-aldehyde phenylboronic acid |
| US11447506B2 (en) | 2016-05-09 | 2022-09-20 | Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Crystal forms of crisaborole in free form and preparation method and use thereof |
| US11098007B2 (en) | 2016-06-24 | 2021-08-24 | Kyowa Hakko Bio Co., Ltd. | Crystal of amino acid salt of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid and production method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| US20030055283A1 (en) | 2003-03-20 |
| JP2002053583A (en) | 2002-02-19 |
| US6420597B2 (en) | 2002-07-16 |
| EP1167371A2 (en) | 2002-01-02 |
| DE10032017A1 (en) | 2002-01-10 |
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