US2088997A - Antiknock gasoline - Google Patents

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'umrso STATES PATENT OFFICE f 2,088,997 1 immoox Gnsonmn Y Nicolaas Max, Amsterdam, Netherlands, assignor to Shell Development @ompany, san Francisco, Calit... accrporation oi Delaware t i'llaims.

, This invention relates to the use oi carbonyl hydride derivatives of cobalt and iron in caseline type fuels to improve their antilmoclb properties.

a It is known that carbonyls oi iron, cobalt,

nickel and other metals when dissolved in cgmoline have the ability of suppressina the latter's tendency to knock.

quite emcient as antidetonants, their use has is been restricted because their solutions in liquid hydrocarbons have proven to be unstable, particularly when exposed to light. Ciasolines containing, for instance, cobalt carbonyl develop upon standing a flocculent precipitate of a coin bait compound, and when this gasoline is used in an internal combustion engine, a rapid wear and erosion of the cylinders and valves takes place, due to a formation of hard metallic I have found that the dimculty oi excessive wear can be overcome by using certain oilsoluble derivatives of carbonyl hydrides rather than the carbonyis themselves. "The term derivatives of carbonyl hydrides, as herein used,

an refers to metal salts'of the carbonyihydrides oi iron and cobalt, which hydrides appear to have the formulas HaFHCOM and JHC'MC'OM respectively. The carbonyl hydrides are so unstable that they decompose within a short period i to the respective carbonyls and water. Though relatively unstable, such hydrides can be con verted into stable salts.

A typical example of the production oi salts of the type herein described is as i'ollows: carbon monoxide, or gases containing carbon monoidde. are contacted under. normalor superatmospheric pressure and at normal or elevated temperatures with an aqueous alkaline suspension or a solution of cobalt cyanide. The carbon monoidde no reacts with the cobalt cyanide, forming the alkali salt of cobalt carbonyl hydride and in addition alkali carbonate as well as alhali salts oi complex compounds of. cobalt cyanide. The resulting mixture is slightly acidified and the liberated its cobalt carbonyl hydride canbe removed by dis- While these carbonyls are carbonyis are used. and no iouli application April it, 1936, Serial in theltetheriands April 2d, 1935 (or. are) tillation in a stream ofan inert gas, such as nitroren. instead of Jusing cobalt cyanide as a starting material, certain other cobalt salts such as cobalt thioglycolates, cobalt hexacyanides, cobalt mercaptides and the lilre, may be reacted M with carbon monoxide. to produce cobalt carbonyl hydride. The freshly distilled hydride is introduced into an aqueous solution of mercuric chloride, forming a mercuric cobalt carbonyl of the iormum la l-lgOtJMCOM): which is then isolated. This compound is soluble in gasoline, forming stable solutions. 0.2% of cobalt in the form of the mercuric cobalt carbonyl dissolved in a standard gasoline, raises the octane number 35 points L barium salts, as well as thallium and lead salts.

Salts of the monovalent metal or metal equivalents, such as the sodium, ammonium and silver saltswere found to be as unstable as the free 30 carbonyls themselves.

Engine tests in which fuels containing salts of the carbonyl hydrides have been used, have not revealed excessive wear of cylinders, piston rings and valves, as is frequently found when free at g of spark plugs has been evidenced.

' I claim as my invention: a

1. db antiirnock motor fuel comprising gasoline type hydrocarbons and a small amount oi it the mercuric salt of cobalt carbonyl hydride.

2. an antlhnock motor luel comprising gasoline type hydrocarbons and about .2% of cobalt