US2077875A - Composition of matter yielding films - Google Patents

Description

Patented Apr. 2%, 1937 uNir Tar COMPOSITION OF MATTER YIELDING FILMS No Drawing. Application November 1'7, 1933, 7 Serial No. 698,539

9 Claims.

, This invention represents a continuation-inpart of my copending application Serial No. 305,130, filed in the United States Patent Ofiice on September 10th, 1928, under the title, Composition of matter yielding films now Patent No. 1,965,453, July 3, 1934; and it relates to a composition of matter and methods of preparing, mixing and applying the same.

The composition of matter yields a film which,-- due to constituents comprised therein,- is characterized by peculiar, irregular properties of elasticity and cohesion. On account of such properties a coating consisting of said composition,or a coating comprising said composition mixed with another coating composition,shows a great multitude of fine cracks, when applied to and settling upon a surface, particularly when such surface is already provided with a coating of uniform elasticity, such as an ordinary varnish or lacquer. These cracks cause a particular layer to split up into many little spots of lacquer or varnish, and may, with the the preferably different color of another layer appearing through the cracks, give a great contrast resulting in an artistic. effect.

A coating of this kind is commonly known as crackle finish. It is diificult to prepare such crackle finish so that it will tear up into fine spots as described and still will be of good coloring quality and will sufficiently protect the surface below; compositions furnishing crackle finishes are, therefore, marketed only by a small number of manufacturers.

In spite of the numerous applications these crackle finishes have found, it cannot be denied that their extensive use is hampered by various shortcomings; for instance the color pigment embodied in the composition settles out badly, either it settles out too early and thus disfigures the coated surface, or it delays the drying and creates conditions resulting in other blemishes. Furthermore, several costly ingredients were embodied in these compositions and prevented an economical manufacture. It was also dificultto brush articles with or to dip them into these various compositions, but it was just as difiicult to spray the articles and to obtain a uniform size and shape of the spots or crackle. The manufacture of delicate shades caused further trouble and it was diiilcult to maintain a uniform size and shape of the spots or crackles of the film. Furthermore, an unduly large quantity of the composition was needed to cover one unit of surface and made the use of the old style crackle finishes uneconomical, where artistically decorated articles at low prices had to be turned out in great numbers. f

I have succeeded in overcoming the disadvantages of the old style crackle finishes and I provide at a lower price a highly improved composition which produces films of superior finish; in addition my new composition of matter furnishes a finish which has considerably greater durability than any similar finish formerly obtainable in the market. I

In the production of my new composition I proceed by way of example as follows: v v,

I incorporate a certain quantity of an extremely finely divided metallic compound, selected in,

from a group comprising metallic soaps such as aluminum stearate, aluminum palmitate, zinc resinate, lead linoleate, manganese linoleate, in so much of an appropriate solvent that only part of the applied metallic soap is dissolved and its balance is kept in suspension. The aforesaid group of metallic soaps may be replaced as a whole or in part, by metallic compounds such as aluminum hydrate, lead oxide, zinc oxide, zinc hydroxide etc. Appropriate solvents are for instance hydrocarbons, such as benzol, benzin, toluo1, xylol, solvent naphtha, naphthalene, phenol, gasoline, the halogen derivative of such hydrocarbon, sulfur derivatives and hydrogenated derivatives of same.

This solution containing the undissolved metallic soap or its equivalent in suspension maybe used as such; I may introduce therein a pigment of any shade necessary to give the solution a desired color; in order to obtain the same color in some difierent way I may incorporate an organic dyestufi.

Moreover, I can incorporate in the solutions various gums, natural or artificial resins as will dissolve in the particular solvent used; or I may add various kinds of cellulose esters, as well as ethers, either to the solution of the metallic soap containing part thereof in suspension, or .to the mixture of such a solution with a pigment, dye

or resins; such cellulose esters are: formyl-cellusolvents has a particular dissolving power on any of the aforesaid soaps I can use any of them as the exclusive solvent.

But usually I prefer a mixture of any of the 5 aforesaid hydrocarbons with either one or several of the aforesaid esters and alcohols. Moreover,

I may also add one or the other of the ketones,

such as acetone, etc., and ethers such as the monoethyl ether of ethylene glycol.

I have also found that by adding to the com position one or several of the various plasticizers,

I such as castor-oil, dibutyl phthalate, triphenyl phosphate and like compounds I may prolong the life of the finish to a considerable extent.

bonate, zinc oxide, Prussian blue, chromium oxide and all similar metal compounds used to color varnishes or lacquer, I may add extremely finely disintegrated metallic powders or bronzes, or I 0 may add any of the well known organic dye stuifs,

either alone, or in combination with any of the aforesaid pigments or bronzes.

As described above part of the metallic soap or compound is dissolved in the solvent and the remaining part is kept in suspension, but it is understood that I may modify my process within certain limits. For instance, I may add so much more of the solvent as to bring the total amount of the metallic soap into solution; the evaporation taking place later on the surface covered with my new composition of matter or a mixture thereof, will automatically bring about the said state of partial solution and partial suspension of the metallic soap. There is also another modification possible in the manufacture of my new composition; that is to keep the metallic soap, or its equivalent, entirely in suspension. The last modification is particularly in place when the metallic soap is entirely replaced by a metal compound, such as aluminum hydrate, aluminum phosphate and similar metallic compounds.

The manner of combining the various ingredients in view of the above given explanations will be apparent from the following examples which illustrate my invention.

In order to obtain a clear crackle I compound the ingredients in the following proportions:

1. Aluminum stearate pounds 20 Toluol gallons 3 Butyl alcohol do 2 Ethyl acetate do 3 Amyl acetate do 2 V Sec nitrocellulose pounds 10 Shellac do 20 The crackle finish obtained by the above formula furnishes a film which may be styled a Jack Frost design, it simulams the appearance of a frost-covered window, or of glass when it is heated to a high temperature and subsequently immersed in water.

A white crackle coat is obtained by the following formula:

A composition in which metallic soap is sub- 75 stltuted entirely'by its equivalent, for instance a I may introduce pigment such as lead carmetal compound such as aluminum hydrate, or aluminum phosphate and like compounds and in which this ingredient is entirely kept in suspension, is represented by the following example:

3. Aluminum hydrate pounds 20 Toluol gallons 3 Butyl alcohol do 2 Ethyl acetate do 3 Amyl acetate do 2 /2 Sec nitrocellulose pounds 10 Shellac do 20 Another basic formula is represented by the following example:

. 4. Aluminum stearate pounds 30 Ethyl acetate gallons 3 Petroleum spirits do 4 Fusel oil do 1 Butyl acetate do 1% Ethylene glycol Monoethyl ether do Dibutyl phthalate do 30 Sec nitro cotton pounds 9 Fossil kauri resin do 20 Each of the formulae produce a diiferent type of crackle design. Except in Example 2, where zinc oxide is applied for producing a white crackle finish in contradistinction to the finish obtained by Example 1, a clear crackle finish, no reference to coloring matter is made in the eX- amples as such coloring matter may be added according to the particular shades which may be desired. The coloring per se does not play an essential part of the invention.

I claim:

1. A composition of matter yielding a film cracking into a multitude of fine spots, said composition comprising a mixture of a metallic soap, of a metallic base and a solvent selected from the hydrocarbons and their halogen, sulphur and hydrogenated derivatives, part only of said mixture being dissolved by and the balance being suspended in said solvent.

2. A composition of matter yielding a film cracking into a multitude of fine spots, said composition comprising a mixture of a metallic soap and of a metallic base, a gum, a cellulose ester and a solvent, the said mixture being only partially dissolved by and suspended in said solvent.

3. A composition of matter yielding a film cracking into a multitude of fine spots, said composition comprising in excess of 8% of aluminum hydrate, a cellulose ester and .a solvent.

4. A composition of matter yielding a film cracking into a multitude of fine spots, said composition comprising aluminum hydrate, a metallic soap, and a solvent, the aluminum hydrate and the metallic soap being in excess of 8% of said composition.

5. A composition of matter yielding a film cracking into a multitude of fine spots, said composition comprising aluminum hydrate, aluminum stearate, and a solvent, the aluminum hydrate and the aluminum stearate being in excess of 8% of said composition.

6. A composition of matter yielding a film cracking into a multitude of fine spots, said com position comprising aluminum hydrate, aluminum stearate, a gum and a solvent, the aluminum hydrate and the aluminum stearate being in excess of 8% of said composition.

'7. A composition of matter yielding a film cracking into a multitude of fine spots, said composition comprising aluminum hydrate, alumiate being in excess of 8% of said composition. 9. A composition of matter yielding a film cracking into a multitude of fine spots, said composition comprising aluminum hydrate, aluminum stearate, a gum, a cellulose ester, a plasticizer and a solvent, the aluminum hydrate and the aluminum stearate being more than 8% of said composition.

EDMOND H. BUCY.