US2056264A - Tuyere - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 6, 1936. G, Fox 2,056,264 TUYRE f Filed March 50, 1935 5 Sheets-Sheetl 2 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 n ww N .mm

INVENTOR.

GORDON Fox.

Filed March 50, 1955 Q m N Ocf- 6, 1936.

b N\/ in om Q Patented Oct. 6, 1936 UNiTED STATES TUYRE Gordon Fox, Chicago, Ill., assignor to Freyn Engineering Company, Chicago, Ill., a corporation of Maine Application March 3o, 1935, serial No. 13,845

7 Claims.

The present invention relates to tuyres.

Patent No. 1,969,693, granted August 7, 1934, to Gordon FOX and Arthur J. Whitcomb, discloses a tuyre to be used in a blast furnace for directing hot air into the furnace. Said patent discloses means for directing cooling medium at relatively high velocity through the nose region of the tuyre and along ther inner and outer cone walls of the tuyre adjacent to the nose of the tuyre. Said patent also discloses a construction in which the material of the tuyre is so disposed as to efficiently conduct heat units applied :to the tuyre, particularly at the nose region thereof, to the rapidly owing cooling water. The heat units referred to are derived from several sources, including the hot blast directed through the tuyre, radiation and convection from within the furnace, and from splashes of molten metal "or slag coming in contact with the tuyre.

Tuyres are commonly made of copper, which melts at about 1800 to 1900 degrees F. Tuyres ,are exposed to furnace temperatures in the neighborhood of 3000 degrees F. Molten material such as hot metal at perhaps 2500 to 2800 degrees F. sometimes pours upon them or splashes against gthem. This contact with hot metal is probably the principal cause of tuyre failure.

Tuyres are ordinarily cooled by circulating water through them. Molten iron contacting with the copper of an ordinary tuyre can impart heat to the copper much faster than the cooling water can take it away from adjacent copper. 'The present invention contemplates a construction in which the vast difference between the heat transmissiveness from the iron to the copper on the one hand and the heat transmissiveness from the copper to the water on the other hand will be compensated for to a considerable extent.

More particularly, the present invention has for `one of its objects the provision of an improved tuyre in which the metal thereof is so disposed as to provide improved eicacy per unit weight of copper in protecting the tuyre against splashes of molten metal and the like.

A further object is to provide an improved tuyre in which the metal thereof is so disposed as to provide for eicient high velocity ow of water through the nose region thereof and at the same time to provide improved eilicacy per unit weight of copper in transferring heat units from the outer wall of the tuyre to said water under the emergency conditions referred to.

A further object is to provide an improved `tuyre in which, in normal operation, heat received in the nose region of the tuyre is encouraged to flow through the walls of the tuyre to regions adjacent to the base of the tuyre which are normally cooler.

A further object is to provide a tuyre which, in normal operation, will have a more uniform 5 temperature throughout than has heretofore been common.

A further object is to provide a tuyre which will not succumb easily to transient contacts with molten metal.

A further object is to provide an improved tuyre well adapted to meet the needs of commercial service.

Further objects will appear as the description proceeds. 15

In perfecting the present invention applicants have utilized two factors, as follows:

(a) The molten metal referred to usually contacts with only a small area of the tuyre copper. The cooling water contacts the entire water 20 chamber. The water has a big advantage as to area of contact surface. By utilizing a high velocity of Water flow over substantial portions of said relatively large area of water contact surface, a portion of the tremendous difference in heat 25 transmissiveness between the molten iron and the copper on the one hand and the copper and the water on the other hand is compensated for.

(b) Applicant furthermore has utilized the ability of the copper to absorb and store heat, and has so chosen the distribution of the metal of the tuyre as to` make effective use of this ab sorbing and storing ability. The copper of the tuyre can absorb heat froma splash of molten metal during a short interval of time (by a rise in copper temperature), and can subsequently, over a greater period of time, dispel that heat to the cooling water. By reason of improved disposition of the copper in the outer cone wall of the tuyre, that is-in close thermal conductive relation to the probable area of hot metal contact, the above mentioned difference between the heat transmissiveness from the molten metal to the copper on the one hand and from the copper to the cooling Water on the other hand can be further compensated for.

The present invention makes use of the two factors above described as follows:

1. The areas likely to be subjected to hot metal attack will have heavy walls both in order to spread the heat from the concentrated hot metal attack to more water surface and in order to enlist the maximum adjacent mass of copper as a storage. means.

2. The heavy walls referred to will in normal operation be as cool as possible in order that the Icopper therein may have a maximum temporary heat absorptive capacity.

3. The heavy walls in the most vulnerable regions will enable a certain amount of outer surface melting of the copper toI occur without leading to leakage and failure.

The present invention, therefore, contemplates a construction in which cooling water is directed at high velocity through the nose region of the tuyre in Iclose contact with the inner surfaces of the nose wall, and in which a heavy nose and. heavy side walls are provided, the outer side wall being particularly heavy, in the nose region of the tuyre, with reference to the inner side wall. In other words, the present invention contemplates a construction having a heavy nose and heavy inner and outer side walls in the nose region of the tuyre, the outer side wall in said nose region being appreciably heavier than the inner side wall. This construction is embodied in a tuyre which provides extended water-contac'ting surfaces in the nose region. High velocity flow is provided past the inner surface of the heavy outer side wall. Ihese provisions insure a maximum rate of heat dissipation from increased areas directly to the water during periods of hot metal attack, and maintain the copper in the nose regin very coolduring normal operation, so that said substantial mass of copper has maximum temporary heat absorptive ability.

Referring to the drawings- Figure 1 is a view in elevation illustrating an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a bottom plan view of the structure shown in Figure 1; i

Figure 3 is a sectional view taken along the plane indicated by the arrows 3-3 of Figure V1;

Figure 4 is a fragmentary sectional view taken along the plane indicated by the arrows 4 4 of Figure 2;

Figure 5 is a fragmentary sectional View taken along the plane indicated by the arrows 5 5 of Figure 2 but showing a modification;

Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 5 but showing an outer side wall of the same general contour as that shown in Figure 4 and having an inner side wall differing in some respects from the inner side wall shown in Figure 4; and

Figure 7 shows another modification.

Referring first to Figures l, 2 and 3, a tuyre is illustrated having the usual cone shape, sai-d tuyre including the nose wall I, the rear wall I I, the inner side wall I2, and the outer side wall I3, which walls provide an annular jacket for cooling medium, which jacket is indicated as a whole by the numeral Il. The walls referred to enclose the throat I5, through which the hot blast is directed into the blast furnace. The numerals I B-IS indicate openings in the rear wall II, one of which would be connected to a water inlet pipe and the other of which would be connected to a water outlet pipe. Said two openings are preferably, though not necessarily, disposed adjacent to each other, and in the preferred construction will be separated by a radial partition Il extending from the rear wall II to the nose Wall I0 of the tuyre. -By reason of this preferred construction, the water entering through one of the openings I6 is caused to pass through a series course to the outlet opening I6.

As hereinabove mentioned, theV present invention contemplates a high velocity of water flow through the nose region of the tuyre, where the tuyre is subjected to the'severest attacks. It will be understood, of course, that in certain of its aspects the present invention is not limited to a particularly high velocity of flow of the cooling Water, though, to utilize the advantages of the present invention to the maximum, a high velocity of zcooling medium through the nose region is preferred. The means for providing the high velocity referred to may be chosen as desired. At present it is preferred to use the construction disclosed in Patent No. 1,969,693.

Referring briefly to the means referred to for producing high velocity in the nose region of the tuyre, the accompanying drawings show barriers I l-I extending longitudinally from the rear wall II toward the nose end of the tuyre. Said barriers IB-I 8 are radially disposed and are integrally united with the outer side wall I3 and the inner side Wall I2. Said barriers are preferably uniformly spaced with respect to each other. The grouping is preferably symmetrically spaced with reference to the partition II. Extending from the nose Wall I0 toward the rear end of the tuyre are a plurality of radially disposed barriers I9-I9, which are preferably vfuniforrnly spaced with respect to one another and to the partition I'I. Said barriers IS-IB extend to the region of the extremities of the barriers I8--I8, whereby water passing said barriers is forced to take a circuitous path, as illustrated by means of the arrows in Figure 1. There is preferably, but not necessarily, an overlapping relationship between the furthermost extremities of the barriers I8-I8 and the rearmost extremities of the barriers I9-I9. The barriers I9-I9 are connected tox the nose Wall I0 by rounded corners, and tapered from the nose wall in such a manner as to permit the ready flow of heat thereto from said nose wall Ill. The barriers I 9-I9 will preferably not extend into the rear portion of the tuyre but should stop in the nose region thereof.

As indicated hereinabove, the present invention contemplates a construction in which the outer side wall in the nose region of the tuyre is decidedly heavier or thicker than is the inner side wall in the same region. The junctures between the nose wall IU and the inner and outer side walls and between said walls and the barriers above referred to should be rounded, particularly in the nose region of the tuyre, whereby to avoid any danger of formation of pockets and whereby Vto provide for the 'complete scouring action between the ycoo-ling water and the surfaces with which they contact. In Iorder to dene the regions of the tuyre t-o which the present 'invention lis applicable, the compl-ete length of the water jacket I4, that is-the maximum overall length of said water jacket, has been indicated by the letter X. The plane transverse to the axis of the tuyre which indicates the innermost extremity ef the water jacket has been indicated in Figures v4 to 7 inclusive by the reference characters A-A. The corresponding plane, indicating the outermost limit `of said water jacket, that is-the limit defined by the rear wall, has been indicated by the reference characters C-C. According to 1a certain preferred des-ign of the invention, a distance approximately equal to e X may be utilized in the rounded corners or fillets .providing the juncture between the inner and outer side walls and the nose 'wall of the tuyre. 'Ihe plane transverse tothe axis of the tuyre marking the distance X Vfrom the plane A--A has been indicated by the reference characters B-B. The length of the innerand outer side walls withwhich the present invention is concerned extends from the inner extremity of the water chamber I4 rearwardly from the nose wall ID a distance approximately equal to 1/3 X.

The plane spaced from the inner extremity of the water chamber a distance equal to 1/3 X has been'v indicated by the reference characters D-D. According to the present invention, the average thickness of the outer side wall I3 in the region between the plane B-B and the plane D-D is at least 1% times the average thickness of the inner side wall I2 in the same region. A construction which falls within the scope of the present invention and which will accomplish a part of the advantages of the structure just described is one in which the thickness Yof the outer side wall I3 at any point in the region between the plane B-B and the plane D-D is at least 1% times the thickness of the inner side Wall I2 measured in the same plane parallel to planes B-B and D-D. The minimum thickness of the nose of the tuyre is at least equal -to the average thickness of the outer side wall I3 between the planes B-B and D-D.

In Figure 4 the thickness of the outer side wall I3 and the thickness of the inner side wall I2 are each substantially uniform from the plane B-B to the plane C-C.

According to the structure shown in Figure 5, both the outer side wall I3 and the inner side wall I2 taper in thickness rearwardly from the plane B-B to the plane D-D.

According to the construction shown in Figure 6, the outer side wall I3 is substantially uniform in thickness from the plane A--A to the plane C-C, whereas the inner side wall I2 tapers from the plane B-B to and beyond the plane D-D.

According to the structure shown in Figure 7, the outer side wall I3 tapers from the plane B--B to the plane C-C, whereas the inner side wall I2 is substantially uniform from the plane B-B to the plane C--C.

These and other modifications may be employed.

In recapitulation, it may be pointed out that the inner side wall I2 of a tuyre receives much heat from the air blast, hence this wall is quite hot in normal operation. The nose Ill of the tuyre receives much heat by radiation from the furnace, This tends to be the hottest part of the tuyre. The outer side wall receives radiant heat from the furnace in the region adjacent to the nose of the tuyre, but it receives little heat from the furnace in its mid region and in the region adjacent to the back wall. By means of the heavy outer side wall I3, a substantial part of the heat absorbed in the nose region of the -tuyre is conducted axially down this outer side wall toward the base of the tuyre and is transferred from the outer side wall I3 to the water from the inner surfaces of side wall I3 in. regions where these inner surfaces would otherwise transfer little heat to the water. This results in a tuyre which is cooler in normal operation.

Though certain preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, many modifications will occur to those skilled in the art. It is intended to cover all such modications that fall within the scope of the appended claims.

l. In a tuyre, in combination, a nose wall, a rear wall, an inner side wall and an outer side wall forming an annular chamber for cooling water,

and means within said tuyre for setting up a high velocity of cooling water in the nose portion of said vtuyre relative to the ow adjacent to the base of said chamber, the average thicknessof said outer side wall in the nose region of said tuyre being at least one and one-half times the average thickness of said inner side wall in said nose region, said nose wall having a minimum thickness at least equal to said average thickness of said outer side wall in the nose region of said tuyre.

2.'In a tuyre, in combination, a nose wall, a rear wall, an inner side wall and an outer side wall forming an annular chamber for cooling water, said outer side wall having an average thickness at least one and one-half times as great as the average thickness of said inner side wall in a region bounded by two planes disposed transversely of the tuyre, one spaced from the innermost end of said chamber a distance equal to approximately one-tenth of the overall length of said chamber, the other of said planes being spaced from the inner extremity of said chamber a distance equal to approximately one-third of the overall length of said chamber, said nose wall having a minimum thickness at least equal to said average thickness of said outer side wall in said region, and means for setting up a high velocity of water flow in the forward' third of said chamber relative to the flow adjacent to the base of said chamber.

3. In a tuyre, in combination, a nose wall, a rear wall, an inner side wall and an outer side wall forming an annular chamber for cooling water, said outer side wall having an average thickness at least one and one-half times as great as the average thickness of said inner side wall in a region bounded by two planes disposed transverely of the tuyre, one spaced from the innermost end of said chamber a distance equal to approximately one-tenth of the overall length of said chamber, the other of said planes being spaced from the inner extremity of said chamber a distance equal to approximately one-third of the overall length of said chamber, the total thickness of said walls in the region between said planes tapering in thickness from said first-mentioned plane toward said second mentioned plane, said nose wall having a minimum thickness at least equal to said average thickness of said outer side wall in said region, and means for setting up a high velocity of water flow in the forward third of said chamber relative to the flow adjacent to the base of said chamber.

4. In a tuyre, in combination, a nose wall, a rear wall,an inner sidewall and an outer sidewall forming an annular chamber for cooling medium, barriers extending from said nose wallwithin said chamber toward said rear wall, and means for causing cooling water to ow back and forth along said barriers longitudinally of said tuyre while traveling circumferentially of said tuyre, said outer side wall having an average thickness at least one and one-half times as great as the average thickness of said inner side wall in a region bounded by two planes disposed transverely of the tuyre, one spaced from the innermost end of said chamber a distance equal to approximately one-tenth of the overall length of said chamber, the other of said planes being spaced from the inner extremity of said chamber a distance equal to approximately one-third of the overall length of said chamber, said nose wall having a minimum thickness at least equal to said average thickness of said outer side wall in said region.

5. In a tuyre, in combination, a nose wall, a

rear wall, an inner side wall and an vouter side wall forming an annular chamber for cooling medium, barriers extending from said nose wall within said chamber toward said rear wall, and means for causing cooling Water to flow back and forth along said barriers longitudinally of said tuyreV While traveling circumferentially of said tuyre, said outer side wall having an average thickness at least one and one-half times as great :as the average thickness of said :inner side wall in a region bounded by two planes disposed transversely of the tuyre, one spaced from the innermost end of said chamber a distance equal to approximately Vone-tenth of the overall length of said chamber, the other of saidplanes being spaced from the 'inner extremity of said chamber a distance equal to approximatelyone-third of the overall length of said chamber, thel total thickness of said Walls in the region between said planes tapering in thickness from said rst-mentioned plane toward said second-mentioned plane, said nose wall having a minimum thickness at least equal to said average thickness of said outer side Wall in said region.

6. In a tuyre, in combination, a nose wall, a rearwall, an inner sidewall and an outer sidewall forming an annular chamberfor cooling medium, and meanswithin said tuyre for setting up a high velocity of cooling water in the nose portion of said tuyre, the thickness of said outer side wall being at least one and one-half times the thickness of said inner side wall measured in a plane normal to the axis of said tuyre in a region bounded by two planes parallel to each other and to vsaid first-mentioned plane, one of said two planes being spaced from the innermost end of said chamber a distance equal to approximately one-tenth of the overall length of said chamber, the other of said two planes being spaced from the inner extremity of said chamber a distance equal to approximately one-third of the overall length of said chamber, said nose Wall having a minimum thickness at least equal to said average thickness of said outer side wall in said region.

7. In a tuyre, in combination, a nose wall, a rearwall, an inner sidewall and an outer sidewall forming an annular chamber for cooling medium, .barriers extending from said nose wall Within said chamber toward said rear Wall, and means for causing cooling Water to flow back and forth along said barriers longitudinally of said tuyre while traveling circumferentially of said tuyre, the thickness of said outer side wall being at least one and one-half times the thickness of said inner side wall measured in a plane normal to the axis of said tuyre in a region bounded by two planes parallel to each other and to said firstmentioned plane, one of said two planes being spaced from the innermost end of said chamber a distance equal to approximately one-tenth of the overall length of said chamber, the other of said two planes being spaced from the inner extremity of said chamber a distance equal to approximately one-third of the overall length of said chamber, said `nose Wall having a minimum thickness at least equal to said average thickness of said outer side wall in said region.

GORDON FOX.

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