US2054738A - Game apparatus - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 15, 1936. 7 A 'J J CARR 2,054,738 GAME. APPARATUS Filed Nov. 27, 1935 4 Sheets-Sheet l &

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BY Wm 25W V ATTORNEY WITNESS Sept. 15, 1936, J. J. CARR GAME APPARATUS Filed NOV. 27, 1935 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Jamar @zv;

I INVENTOR ATTORNEY WITNESS Sept. 15, 1936; J J, CARR 2,054,738

GAME APPARATUS Filed Nov. 27, 1935 4 sheet -sheet 4 INVENTOR ATTORNEY myzzmw Patented Sept. 15, 1936 NITED STATES FATEN'T OFFICE 12 Claims.

The invention relates to a game apparatus and more particularly to a ball throwing and catching machine.

The primary object of the invention is the pro- 5 vision of an apparatus of this character, wherein mechanically a series of balls will be thrown and when in motion a person endeavors to catch the same and on each successful catching of a ball a score is had, the person catching the ball is 10 required to use skill for a successful catch and at the same time such person needs to bevery active so that the muscles of the body willbe exercised and in this manner promoting health through the use of the apparatus. p

15 Another object of the invention is the provision of an apparatus of this character, wherein the balls when thrown will be deflected from a straight course and thus an operative is required to be alert for successful catching of the balls for high 20 scoring and quick judgment being necessary in view of the irregularity in the throw of the balls for the successful catching of the same, the apparatus when in use assures to an operative considerable fascination and amusement and exercise 25 with a high degree of skill.

A further object of the invention is the provision of an apparatus of this character, wherein the balls will be automatically brought into po- .si'tionfor the throwing thereof, this being had 30 mechanically and likewise the catching of the ball is mechanically effected, the apparatus being controlled electrically and by the deposit of a coin in a coin medium, the balls being automati call-y" handled so that it is unnecessary for an 35 operative to manually handle such balls either for the throwing or the catching thereof.

A further object of the invention is the provision of an apparatus of this character, wherein an adjustment is provided whereby the operative 40 can regulate the amount of force required to actuate the catching device.

A further object of the invention is the provision of an apparatus of" this character, wherein the construction thereof is novel in itsentirety,

45 affording entertainment and exercise for an perative as well as skill for scoring purposes.

A still further object of the inventionis the provision of an apparatus of this character, which is comparatively simple in its construction, elec- 50 tro-mechanically operated, thoroughly reliable and efiicient in its operation, attractive and fascinating, serviceable for exercising purposes, and inexpensive to manufacture and install.

With these and other objects in View, the in- 55 vention consists in the features of construction,

combination and arrangement of parts as will be hereinafter more fully described, illustrated in the accompanying drawings, which disclose the preferred embodiment of the invention and pointed out in the claimshereunto appended.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure l is a fragmentary vertical sectional view through an enclosure showing the apparatus constructed in accordance with the invention associated therewith andillustrating an operative playing the apparatus.

Figure 2 is a horizontal sectional View thereof.

Figure 3 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical sectional view through the ball throwing mechanism: and adjuncts.

Figure 4 is a fragmentary sectional View on the line 44 of Figure 2.

Figure 5 is a fragmentary side elevation of the ratchet mechanism shown in Figure 6.

Figure dis a top plan view of the mechanism shown in Figure 5.

Figure 7 is diagrammatic elevation showing the steps of control of the electric magnet switch controlled by the mechanism shown in Figures 5 and 6.

Figure 8 is a fragmentary sectional view showing in detail the ball elevator or lifter mechanism of the apparatus.

- Figure 9 is a horizontal sectional view'thereof. Figure 10 is an enlarged vertical sectional view showing the manner of holding the ball to be thrown by the apparatus. 7

Figure 11 is a sectional view on the line i l-l I of Figure 3 looking in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 12 is a sectional view on the line I2--l2 of Figure 3 looking in the direction of the arrows.

. Figure 13 is an enlarged elevation of the catching mechanism of the apparatus.

Figure 14 is a sectional view on the line M-M of Figure 13 looking in the direction of the arrows.

. Figure 15 is a sectional View on the line 15-45 of Figure 13 looking in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 16 is an elevation of the scoring device.

Figure 17 is a diagrammatic plan view showing the electric circuit system or arrangement of the apparatus and looking from the rear side thereof.

Similar reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views in the drawings.

Referring to the drawings in detail. A designates generally a portion of an enclosure or room having an inclined foundation or flooring Ill and front and rear vertical walls H and I2, respectively, The wall H has fitted therewith a glass paneled swinging door it for entrance and exit to and from the enclosure or room A, this door being automatically closed in any suitable manner.

Outside of the enclosure or room A is located next to the wall I2 ball throwing mechanism involving a vertical stand I4 in which is arranged a horizontal slidable plunger I5 having the head I6 working within a barrel I1 carried by said stand. Within this barrel I1 and playing against the head I6 is a coiled expansion spring I8 which urges the plunger I5 in a direction for ball throwing.

Within the stand I4 beneath the plunger I5 is a rotatable cam disk or wheel I9 which functions as a resetting and release element for the plunger I5, it having the diametrically opposed receded and projected cam areas 20 and 2|, respectively, for coaction with a trigger 22 on the plunger I5. The areas 20 are adapted in cooperating with the trigger 22 to free the same for the projecting of the plunger I5 under the action of the spring I8 while the areas 2I retract the plunger in cooperation with the trigger 22 against the resistance of the spring I8 and thus hold the plunger cocked for a determined period. The arbor 23 which is journaled in the stand I4 has fixed thereto a gear 24, it meshing with a pinion 25 fast upon the power shaft 26 of an electric motor 2? carried upon a shelf 28 on the stand I4. This motor is arranged in an electric circuit 29 tapped in with an electric feed line 36 and such circuit 29 extends to a coin box 3I conveniently placed within the enclosure or room A and within this box and included in said circuit 29 is a coin controlled switch 32 which on the deposit of a determined coin within the box 3I will close said circuit 29 for the starting of the motor 21.

Built onto the wall I2 of the enclosure or room A is a casing 33 which has a wall 34 confronting the plunger I5 and this wall has provided therein a ball seat 35 combined with an opening 36 in the path of the plunger I5 so that when the plunger is moved under the action of the spring I 8 the ball 3'! in the seat 35 will" be struck thereby for the throwing of such ball. Withinthe casing 33 is a funnel shaped guide mouth piece 38, the wider open end thereof being next to the ball seat 35 and this end is pivotally hung at 39 in a hanger yoke 40, it having a center stem 4 I swiveled in a bearing 42 mounted exteriorly on the casing 33. The mouth piece 38 forwardly of the hanger yoke rests upon cams 43, their axles 44 being suitably journaled and carry worm gears 45 meshing with worm screws 46 on a drive shaft 41 suitably journalecl in the said casing 33 crosswise thereof and this shaft is driven through chain and sprocket connections 48 with the motor 21. The cams 43 when active effect a jigging momentum to the mouth piece 38 and thus on the passing of the ball 31 through the latter it will be given a diversified course within the enclosure or room A. The mouth piece 38 is maintained in contact with the cams 43 by tensioning springs 49 working against the said mouth piece from above the same and within the said casing 33.

At one side of the casing 33 is a vertical housing 56 in which is disposed a ball lift or elevator in the form of an endless belt 5I traveling over guide rollers 52 and operated by friction rollers 53, these through chain and sprocket connections 54 are driven by the motor 21 so that a positive drive is assured. The belt 5! has thereon the ball steps or rests 55 for balls 31 singly delivered to the lift from a return chute or tube 56 built beneath the foundation or flooring I-Il of the enclosure or room A and inclined toward the said lift or elevator as well as from the top surface of the floor or foundation II] through a hole 51 leading to said chute or tube 55. Partly about the hole 51 between it and the wall I2 is a shield or guard 58 for directing the balls 31 therein when rolling upon the foundation or floor I0 following the inclination thereof.

The seat 35 in the wall 34 of the casing 33 for the balls 31 has confronting the same spring tensioned retaining jaws 59 for maintaining the seating of a ball in position to be struck or thrown by the action of the plunger I5 and this seat is in communication with a feed trough 60 leading from the housing and inclined in the direction of said seat so that balls upon the steps or rests of the belt 5I will gravitate to the seat 35 from the elevator or lift and when a step or rest 55 reaches the trough 66 the ball 31 thereon will be acted upon by a kick spring 6| within the housing 50 and thus cause the kicking of the balls into the trough 65 for the feed of such balls singly into a position to be thrown by the plunger successively.

Located the required distance from .an opening 62 in the wall I2 for the admission of the ball 31 into the enclosure or room A when thrown by the plunger I5 is a ball catching throat piece 63 fitting a flexible hose 64 extending from a coupling 65 joining it with the chute or tube 56. The throat piece 63 is carried by clips 66 on a handle bar 61, it having the laterally extended hand grips 68 .at opposite sides thereof. The handle bar through extension ears 69 has loose connection with pivots 10 fitting the lower eye ends H of suspension rods 12, these being pivoted at I3 to a cross head 14 forming a carrier. The cross head 14 is slidably fitted on vertically disposed guide rods I5 rigidly secured in and hung from a ceiling plate 16, the lower ends of the guide rods 15 being connected with angular braces 11 which are also fixed to the ceiling 18 of the enclosure or room A. Surrounding the guide rods 15 are coiled springs 19 which are made fast to the ceiling plate I6 and to the cross head I4 and the tension of these springs is such as to normally maintain the cross head at a point midway of the extent of the guide rods 15 and thus allowing this cross head to be moved upwardly or downwardly against the resistance of the said springs 19 by sliding on the guide rods 15 under manual manipulation of the throat piece 63. The suspension rods 12 are disposed in parallel relation to each other and their pivotal connection with the handle bar 61 and the cross head 14 permits of the swinging laterally of the throat piece 63 while the cross head 14 can slide perpendicularly on the guide rods 15. The handle bar 61 at the hand grips 68 thereof is adapted to be manually manipulated by an operative so that the throat piece 63 can be positioned in the path of the thrown ball for the catching of such ball therein.

On the ear extension 69 of the handle bar 61 is a rack 80' carrying a face shield 8| for the operative to prevent a thrown ball striking the face of the operative when manipulating the throat piece 63 by hand.

Arranged in the enclosure or room A above the opening 62 on the wall I2 to be clearly visible to the operative is a registering device including a box 82 having therein a dial face 83 exposed through the transparent or open front of said box and this dial carries digits or numerals 84 ranging from zero to nineteen, the same being disposed concentrically to the arbor for a movable pointer or hand 86 which traverses the dial 83 for registering the balls caught in the throat piece 63 by manipulation by .the operative. The arbor 85 has fixed thereto a coiled clock spring 81 which is also fixed within the box 82 and this arbor 85 has fixed thereto a counting wheel 88 and its teeth 89 have coactingtherewith a ratchet dog 90 controlled by an electric magnet 9| included in an electric circuit 92. The dog 90 tends to oppose the spring 81 which turns the counting wheel 89 in one direction. The dog 90 is released from the wheel 89 by the magnet 9| when energized. Coacting with the counting wheel 88 is an actuator lever 93, it being pivoted at 94 and is controlled by an electric magnet 95 arranged in a circuit 96 which includes a switch 91 having a closing arm 98 extended into the coupling 65 and this switch 91 is normally opened and is automatically closed when a ball 31 passes through the coupling 65 and actuates the closing arm 98 of said switch. In doing this the lever 93 moves the counting wheel 88 a single tooth causing the pointer or hand 86 to be moved a single digit scoring the catching of the ball in the throat piece 63. The lever 93 carries at its operating end with relation to the wheel 88 a spring tensioned tongue 99 which permits the disengagement of the said lever 93 from the teeth 89 of the wheel 88 when the same is turned counter-clockwise under the tension of the spring 81 on the release of the dog 90 from the said teeth 89 of the wheel, this release being had when the magnet BI is energized and in this manner the pointer or hand 86 returns to normal zero position after scoring the number of catches successfully had of the ball by the throat piece 63 under the control of an operative.

The wheel 88 carries a striker I00 engageable with the stem ml of a float I02 of a dash pot I03, the stem IOI being provided with a trip I04 acting upon the armature I05 of a switch I06 included in the circuit 92 so as to open said circuit when the striker engages with the stem IOI of the dash pot I03. This .armature cooperates with an electric magnet I01 in a circuit I08 which also has therein a switch I09 controlled by an armature I I0. This armature H0 is tripped by a trip arm III carried by the arbor II2 for a ratchet wheel H3 in the stand I4 above the plunger I5, the arbor I I2 being journaled in said stand. This trip arm III has limited loose play on the arbor II2 by the slot H4 in the connecting portion of said arm III and the pin 5 on the arbor H2. The arm III is also acted upon by a spring II6 which functions to give the said arm I I I a snapping action when coacting with the armature I I0 as shown in Figure '1 of the drawings. The ratchet wheel I I3 has engaged therewith a ratchet dog I I1 which permits the wheel to rotate in one direction but latches it against reverse movement and such wheel is turned by the trigger 22 which carries a spring tooth M8 for engaging with the teeth of said wheel so that it will be moved a single tooth on the striking stroke of the plunger I5. The ratchet wheel II3 has playing against the same a drag spring I I9 which functions as a brake for the said wheel. The spring tooth H8 is such as to permit the plunger to pass the teeth of the wheel II3 when the plunger I5 is pushed back to non-striking position by the cam disk or wheel I9.

In the motor circuit 29 is the magnt I20 which controls the armature H0. -When a coin is dropped into the coin box 3I it closes the switch 32 momentarily closing the circuit 29 to the motor 21. This closing of the circuit 29 energizes the electric magnet I20 attracting the armature I I0 so that the switch 509 closes completing the circuit through the said magnet I20 and through the motor 21 by the circuit I08 concurrently therewith the magnet I01 is energized closing the switch I96,- this completing the circuit 92 to the magnet 9i energizing the latter and releasing the dog 99 which frees the counting wheel 88 andby the spring 81 the hand or pointer 86 after having been movedfor counting purposes is returned to zero position which is the normal location thereof. On the return of th'pointer or indicator hand 86 to zero the striker I90 operates on the stem IOI of the float I02 in the dash pot I03 the trip I04 on this stem IOI plays upon the armature I05 opening the'switch I06 and thus deenergizes the magnet 9| which frees the dog 90 returning the latter to latching position with the counting wheel 38. When the motor 21 is active by the closing of the switch I09 the cam wheel I9 operates and thus controlling the plunger I5 for the striking operation thereof. Concurrently therewith the elevator orlift having the belt 5! collects the balls from'the tube 59 lifting the same in single order to 'be brought into the seat 35 so that the plunger I5 under its striking action will throw the ball through the funnel 38 for the catching of such balls by the throat piece 63. Those balls successfully caught by the throat piece 63 will in passing through the coupling 65 cause electrical operation of the score device 82 as before mentioned. The balls 31 caught as well as those missed will be delivered to the tube 56 for entry into the elevator or lift for the purposes hereinbefore set forth. The motor circuit 29 is broken only when the strike arm III has completed a full revolution concurrently with the ratchet wheel I I3 and in this manner the number of balls I that an operative is entitled to in the playing of the apparatus is regulated, the number being congruous with the number of ratchet teeth on .the said wheel II3. The bobbing movement of the float I02 of the dash pot I03 causes the trip I04 ,both on the lowering of the stem I9! and the raising thereof to automatically actuate the armature I95-for the opening of the switch I09 as will be apparent in Figure 17 of the drawings.

The handles I2I are threaded on pivot rods 19 and this permits manual rotation thereof for the tightening or loosening of the springs I22 which encircle the rods 10 as shown in Figures 14 and 15 of the drawings and thus increase or decrease pressure on the extension ears 69 and suspension rods 12, there being provided shims I23 between these rods 12 and the ears 69.

What is claimed is:

1. In an apparatus of the character described, ball throwing mechanism, means manually controlled for catching said balls, coin controlled trolled for catching said balls, coin controlled mechanism for setting the ball throwing mechanism in action, electro-mechanical scoring means cooperating with the ball catching mechanism for registering respectively balls caught thereby, mechanism for positioning balls singly in the path of a throwing element of the ball throwing mechanism, means for deflecting a ball when thrown by the ball throwing mechanism, mechanism for jigging the last-named means, and mechanism for setting the ball throwing mechanism,

3. In an apparatus of the character described, ballthrowing mechanism, means manually controlled for catching said balls, coin controlled mechanism for setting the ball throwing mechanism in action, electro-mechanical scoring means cooperating with the ball catching mechanism for registering respectively balls caught thereby, mechanism for positioning balls singly in the path of a throwing element of the ball throwing mechanism, means for deflecting a ball when thrown by the ball throwing mechanism, mechanism for jigging the last-named means, mechanism for setting the ball throwing mechanism, and means for resetting the registering mechanism.

4. In an apparatus of the character described, ball throwing mechanism, means manually controlled for catching said balls, coin controlled mechanism for setting the ball throwing mechanism in action, electro-mechanical scoring means cooperative with the ball catching mechanism for registering respectively balls caught thereby, mechanism for positioning balls singly in the path of a throwing element of the ball throwing mechanism, means for deflecting a ball when thrown by the ball throwing mechanism, mechanism for jigging the last-named means, mechanism for setting the ball throwing mechanism, means for resetting the registering mechanism, and means for collecting balls from the ball catching mechanism and those missed by the latter.

5. In an apparatus of the character described, ball throwing mechanism, means manually controlled for catching said balls, coin controlled mechanism for setting the ball throwing mechanism in action, electrd-mechanical scoring means cooperating with the ball catching mechanism for registering respectively balls caught thereby, mechanism for positioning balls singly in the path of a throwing element of the ball throwing mechanism, means for deflecting a ball when thrown by the ball throwing mechanism, mechanism for jigging the last-named means, mechanism for setting the ball throwing mechanism, means for resetting the registering mechanism, means for collecting balls from the ball catching mechanism and those missed by the latter, and means suspending the ball catching mechanism for vertical and lateral adjustment of the same.

6. In an apparatus of the character described, ball throwing mechanism, means manually controlled forcatching saidballs, coin controlled mechanism for setting the ball throwing mechanism in action, electro-mechanical scoring means cooperating with the ball catching mechanism for registering respectively balls caught thereby, mechanism for positioning balls singly in the path of a throwing element of the ball throwing mechanism, means for deflecting a ball when thrown by the ball throwing mechanism, mechanism for jigging the last-named means, mechanism for setting the ball throwing mechanism, means for resetting the registering mechanism, means for collecting balls from the ball catching mechanism and those missed by thelatter, means suspending the ball catching mechanism for vertical and lateral adjustment of the same, and mechanism for the feeding of the balls from the collecting means and delivering the same to the throwing element of said ball throwing mechanism.

7. In an apparatus of the character described, ball throwing mechanism, means manually controlled for catching said balls, coin controlled mechanism for setting the ball throwing mechanism in action, electro-mechanical scoring means cooperating with the ball catching mechanism for registering respectively balls caught thereby, mechanism for positioning balls singly in the path of a throwing element of the ball throwing mechanism, means for deflecting a ball when thrown by the ball throwing mechanism, mechanism for jigging the last-named means, mechanism for setting the ball throwing mechanism, means for resetting the registering mechanism, means for collecting balls from the ball catching mechanism and those missed by the latter, means suspending the ball catching mechanism for vertical and lateral adjustment of the same, mechanism for the feeding of the balls from the collecting means and delivering the same to the throwing element of said ball throwing mechanism, and mechanism controlled by the ball throwing element of said ball throwing mechanism for limiting the number of balls thrown thereby.

8. In an apparatus of the character described, ball throwing mechanism, means manually controlled for catching said balls, coin controlled mechanism for setting the ball throwing mechanism in action, electro-mechanical scoring means cooperating with the ball catching mechanism for registering respectively balls caught thereby, mechanism for positioning balls singly in the path of a throwing element of the ball throwing mechanism, means for deflecting a ball when thrown by the ball throwing mechanism, mechanism for jigging the last-named means,

mechanism for setting the ball throwing mechanism, means for resetting the registering mechanism means for collecting balls from the ball catching mechanism and those missed by the latter, means suspending the ball catching mechanism for vertical and lateral adjustment of the same, mechanism for the feeding of the balls from the collecting means and delivering the same to the throwing element of said ball throwing mechanism, mechanism controlled by the ball throwing element of said ball throwing mechanism for limiting the number of balls thrown thereby, and a shield carried by the ball catching mechanism for an operative thereof.

9. In an apparatus of the character described, ball throwing mechanism, means manually controlled for catching said balls, coin controlled mechanism for setting the ball throwing mechanism in action, electro-mechanical scoring means cooperating with the ball catching mechanism for registering respectively balls caught thereby, mechanism for positioning balls singly in the path of a throwing element of the ball throwing mechanism, means for deflecting a ball when thrown by the ball throwing mechanism, mechanism for jigging the last-named means, mechanism for setting the ball throwing mechanism, means for resetting the registering mechanism, means for collecting balls from the ball catching mechanism and those missed by the latter, means suspending the ball catching mechanism for vertical and lateral adjustment of the same, mechanism for the feeding of the balls from the collecting means and delivering the same to the throwing element of said ball throwing mechanism, mechanism controlled by the ball throwing element of said ball throwing mechanism for limiting the number of balls thrown thereby, a shield carried by the ball catching mechanism for an operative thereof, and a handle bar on said ball catching mechanism and having hand grips.

1D. In an apparatus of the character described, ball throwing mechanism, means manually controlled for catching said balls, coin controlled mechanism for setting the ball throwing mechanism in action, electro-mechanical scoring means cooperating with the ball catching mechanism for registering respectively balls caught thereby, mechanism for positioning balls singly in the path of a throwing element of the ball throwing mechanism, means for deflecting a ball when thrown by the ball throwing mechanism, mechanism for jigging the last-named means, mechanism for setting the ball throwing mechanism, means for resetting the registering mechanism, means for collecting balls from the ball catching mecha-- nism and those missed by the latter, means suspending the ball catching mechanism for vertical and lateral adjustment of the same, mechanism for the feeding of the balls from the collecting means and delivering the same tothe throwing element of said ball throwing mechanism, mechanism controlled by the ball throwing element of said ball throwing mechanism for limiting the number of balls thrown thereby, a shield carried by the ball catching mechanism for an operative thereof, a handle bar on said ball catching mechanism and having hand grips, and means for retaining the balls singly in the path of the throwing element of the ball throwing mechanism until struck by said element.

11. In an apparatus of the character described, ball throwing mechanism, means manually controlled for catching said balls, coin controlled mechanism for setting the ball throwing mechanism in action, electro-mechanical scoring means cooperating with the ball catching mechanism for registering respectively balls caught thereby, mechanism for positioning balls singly in the path of a throwing element of the ball throwing mechanism, means for deflecting a ball when thrown by the ball throwing mechanism, mechanism for jigging the last-named means, mechanism for setting the ball throwing mechanism, means for resetting the registering mechanism,

means for collecting balls from the ball catching mechanism and those missed by the latter, means suspending the ball catching mechanism for vertical and lateral adjustment of the same, mechanism for the feeding of the balls from the collecting means and delivering the same to the throwing element of said ball throwing mechanism, mechanism controlled by the ball throwing element of said ball throwing mechanism for limiting the number of balls thrown thereby, a shield carried by the ball catching mechanism for an operative thereof, a handle bar on said ball catching mechanism and having hand grips, means for retaining the balls singly in the path of the throwing element of the ball throwing mechanism until struck by said element, and means for directing the uncaught balls to the ball collecting means when thrown by the ball throwing mechanism.

12. In an apparatus of the character described, ball throwing mechanism, means manually controlled for catching said balls, coin controlled mechanism for setting the ball throwing mechanism in action, electro-m'echanical scoring means cooperating with the ball catching mechanism for registering respectively balls caught thereby, mechanism for positioning balls singly in the path of a throwing element of the ball throwing mechanism, means for deflecting a ball when thrown by the ball throwing mechanism, mechanism for jigging the last-named means, mechanism for setting the ball throwing mechanism, means for resetting the registering mechanism, means for collecting balls from the ball catching mechanism and those missed by the latter, means suspending the ball catching mechanism for vertical and lateral adjustment of the same, mechanism for the feeding of the balls from the collecting means and delivering the same to the throwing element of said ball throwing mechanism, mechanism :4

controlled by the ball throwing element of said ball throwing mechanism for limiting the number of balls thrown thereby, a shield carried by the ball catching mechanism for an operative thereof,

a handle bar on said ball catching mechanism and having hand grips, means for retaining the balls singly in the path of the throwing element of the ball throwing mechanism until struck by said element, means for directing the uncaught balls to the ball collecting means when thrown by the ball throwing mechanism, and means for regulating the amount of force required to operate the ball catching mechanism.

JAMES JULIAN CARE.

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