US2053242A - Two-cycle engine - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 1936. B. KAHN 2,053,242

TWO- CYCLE ENGINE Filed April 17, 1935" li Z9 Patented Sept. 1, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,053,242 Two-CYCLE ENGINE BenjaminA Kahn, New York, N. Y'. Application April 1'7, 1933, serial Na. 666,418

2s claims. (C1. 12s-53) This invention relates to improvements in twostroke cycle internal combustion engines of the opposed piston type having substantially straight-thru or end-to-end scavenging. ef-

fect.

One of the objects of the invention is to provide a compact engine of this type.

Another object is to provide an engine of the .above character with the minimum number of l0 crankshaft throws per piston section.

The principle feature of the invention consists in angularly relating the end-to-end cylinders and further consists in offsetting the end-toend cylinders to effect the compactness of the engine and the simplicity of its crank train.

In the drawing, forming part of this disclosure, the illustrations show the principle of the invention, it being understood that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.

Figure 1 is a transverse sectional View of a single cylinder engine constructed in accordance with the invention and illustrating the angulated relationship of the pistons.

Figure 2 is a similar sectional view of obtuse V-type engine constructed in accordance with the engine shown in Fig. 1..

Figure 3 is a similar view of a diamond shaped engine constructed in accordance with the engine shown in Fig. 1.

Figure 4 is a, longitudinal section of a modif-led form of the engine shown in Fig. 3.

In the form of the engine illustrated in Fig. 1

a crankcase I0 is provided with a cylinder block having a bore II and `a crosshead bore I2. An intake piston I3 is adapted to operate in bore II and is suitably connected to a crankshaft I4 by means of a connecting rod I5. A crosshead I6 is adapted to operate in the bore I2 and is suitably connected to a crankshaft I'I by means of a connecting rod I8. In order to counteract torque reaction of the engine, both crankshafts are adapted to rotate at the same speed, and

opposite directions to each other. This may be accomplished by gears I9 and 20.l In conjunction with suitable counterweights on the shafts the torque reactions are counteracted.

A cylinder head 2| is secured to the cylinder block and is provided with a bore 22. An exhaust piston 23 is adapted to operate in. said bore and is secured to the crosshead I6 by means of tie rods 25 on both sides of the exhaust piston and crosshead. These tie rods are disposed behind each other, lengthwise of the engine. These rods are arranged outside of the combustion chamber, and lie above the intake pistons and within the projecting space required by the intake piston between confining planes of the space required by said intake piston lengthwise of the v:s

engine. In other words, the space required lengthwise of the engine to accommodate these tie rods one group behind another, is less than the space required by the intake pistons one behind another lengthwise of the engine. This in 1u effect allows a. minimum engine length for a plurality of intake pistons of a given diameter. For example, in a four-in-line engine of 5 ins. intake piston diameter, the length of the engine would be about 24 ins. including slight space between 1o cylinders. It is intended that the tie rods connecting the exhaust pistons 23 with their crossheads I6 should not be more than 5 ins. which leaves sufficient space between each pair of tie rods to allow for an exhaust piston of ample di- `20 ameter so as not to restrict the exhaust port capacity.

A cover 26 is secured to the cylinder head 2I to enclose the exhaust piston. An oilpan 21 forms a bottom closure for the crankcase I0. `225 Intake ports 28 are suitably arranged around the cylinder bore II and are controlled by the intake piston. Exhaust ports 29 surround the exhaust cylinder bores 22 and are controlled by the exhaust piston 23. 30

The exhaust piston and its associated pa-rts are arranged in alignment but are angularlydisposed with respect to the alignment of the intake piston and are oiset therefrom.

This .angular oiset of the exhaust piston and .35 its associated parts permits the exhaust piston to lie substantially over the intake piston to effect substantially straight-thru scavenging and further permits the tie rods to pass downwardly and alongside the intake piston within the projected v4.0 space of the intake cylinder. This arrangement of extending. the exhaust crank train substantially downwardly minimizes the height of the engine, and the disposition of the crank train substantially alongside the intake cylinder requires .'45

-no additional space longitudinally of a multicylinder engine; thereby minimizing the length thereof.

Figure 2 shows the application of the invention to form a. V typev engine.. An exhaust crankshaft Ila. similar to the crankshaft I1 but having two throws one for each exhaust piston, is adapted. to operate two exhaust pistons in a manner heretofore described..

1 A single crankshaft I4a similar to thecrank- 55 shaft I4 is adapted to operate two intake pistons in the same manner as described in Fig. 1.

Figure 3 shows the application of the invention shown in Fig. 2 in multiple forms, to provide a diamond shape engine.

An exhaust crankshaft i'ib similar to the crankshaft I'Ia of Fig. 2, is adapted to operate the exhaust pistons in a similar manner. Two intake piston operating crankshafts Idb are arranged on opposite sides ofthe crankshaft Hb. Each of these,V intake crankshaits areuadapted to operate two intake pistons i3 which are obtusely disposed as indicated at X in the manner described in Figure 2.

each having one combustion chamberlfoneach group common to two combustion groups each Figure 4 is a modied form of the engine shown in Fig. 3. Instead ci using three individual crankshafts,.a single crankshaft 35 hasfbeen substituted which necessitatedthe enlargement of the included angle Xto 180 degrees normal with the cylinder axes to the crankshaft.

1 Having thusvdescribed the invention,4 what is claimed as new and desired to vsecure by Letters Patent, is:-`

1. A two-stroke cycle internalcombustion engine. comprising a plurality of power units, each having Uv type cylinder, a` single combustion chamber'. communicating therewith, a cylinder communicating with said Ycombustion chamber in opposed relation to said U type cylinder, pistons vadapted to operate inthe cylinders, and crank throws for each of the pistons arranged on the-same side of the combustion chamber.

2. Ankinternal combustion Vengine 'having in combination, a plurality of power units, each power unithaving a U. type cylinder vincluding a combustion. chamber,.pistons adapted to move in substantially parallel unison in the legs of the U type cylinder, and piston means in communication with. said .combustion chamber adapted to move substantially. iopposite: to said pistons in said U .type cylinder. i

3. Anl internal combustion enginehaving in combination,v a :plurality of vpower units, each power unit -having a U..type'cylinder including a combustion chamber, pistons adapted l to .move in unison 'm said U type cylinder,ipistonmeans in communication withsaid combustion chamber adapted to oppose said pistons insaid `U type cylinder,.and a single crank shaft cooperating with all of said pistons. v

4. An internal combustion engine havingin combination, a plurality of power units, each power unit having a U .type cylinder including a combustion chamber, pistons Yadaptedto move in unison in. said U typecylinder, piston means in communicatio-n with said combustion chamber adapted to move opposite to said pistons-in said `U type cylinder, and aV single crank throw'for the piston means adapted to oppose the pistons in the U type cylinder.

, 5. In a Vtwo-stroke cycle internal combustion engine, thecombination including a single combustion chamber, angularly disposed Iand'substantially oppositely moving intake and exhaust controlling pistons commonly communicative with the combustion chamber, Voperably connected ycrank means, and separate connecting' means independently operable Vbetween Veach piston and its crank means, whereby the intake piston conn ecting means is under compression 'and the Iexhaust piston connecting means isf-under tension With this construction an" engine is formed having two combustion groups during the expansion stroke of the engine, said exhaust piston connecting means including a pair of tie rods disposed side by side lengthwise of the engine, outside of the combustion chamber, to one side of the engine, and within the projected space required by the intake piston, lengthwise of the engine.

6. A two-stroke cycle internal combustion engine of substantially straight thru scavenging type including substantially opposed intake and exhaust cylinders, a single combustion chamber, substantially oppositely moving intake and ex- .haust pistons commonly communicative with the Ucombustion chamber and operable in the cylinders,

and a cylinder head, said cylinders being angularly disposed to each other, one of said piston ymean's'operable in said cylinder head. having two intake pistons and one exhaust piston.

`'7. A two-strokecycle internal combustion engine including substantially opposed intake and exhaust cylinders, a cylinder block, an associated cylinder head having ports, intake port controlling piston means operable in said cylinder block, exhaust port controlling piston means in said cylinder head, said piston means being adapted to move substantially oppositely, and connecting rod means for the exhaust piston means including tie-rods outside the combustion chamber and the exhaust piston and within the projected space of the intake piston means lengthwise of the engine.

8. In a two-stroke cycle internal combustion engine of substantially straight thru scavenging typethe combination including substantially opposed cylinders, an intake controlling piston in one of the cylinders, over-head exhaust pistonvalve. means in the other of said cylinders, said piston-valve means being angularly disposed and substantially opposite in movement to said intake piston, and a crank for the exhaust valve means disposedin the projected path of the exhaust valve means during its compression stroke.

9. A two-stroke cycle internal combustion engine including a single common combustion chamber, three opposed port controlling piston means, a cylinder head, one of said piston means adapted to control exhaust ports yoperable in said head, and'operable connecting means for said exhaust pistonf outside of theV combustion chamber and within the projected space of the intake pistons lengthwise of the engine.

' 1 0. A two-strokeV cycle internal combustion engine including a plurality of power units, each power unit having a singlecombustion chamber, intake and exhaust controlling piston means commonly communicative in the combustion chamber, Aand crank throws associated respeci tively with each of said piston means, said exhaust pistons adapted to move away and said intake piston means adapted to move Vtoward their respective' crank throws during the expansion stroke, a crank shaft associated with all the intake piston means, and all exhaust piston means being connected to another crankshaft, said crankshafts being operably interconnected and adapted tov rotate oppositely.

11. An Vinternal combustion engine including a crankshaft, a single combustion chamber, a plurality of cylinders communicating with said combustion chamber and disposed between the combustion chamber and the crankshaft, a cylinder communicating with said combustion chamber remote of the crankshaft, pistons in said cylinders', and connecting means for the piston in the remote cylinder including the rods outside of the combustion chamber and within the projected space of the irst` mentioned rcylinders lengthwise of the engine.

12. A two-stroke cycle internal combustion engine including substantially opposed intake and exhaust cylinders, intake and exhaust piston means adapted to operate in said cylinders, a single connecting means associated with each of said piston means, and a single crank throw for each of said connectingA means, the intake piston means adapted to move toward and the exhaust piston means adapted to move away from their respective connecting means during the expansion stroke, said connecting means for the exhaust piston including means within the projected space of the intake cylinder lengthwise of the engine and outside the exhaust cylinder.

13. A two-stroke cycle internal combustion engine including a plurality of power units, each of said power units having opposed intake and vexhaust cylinders, intake and exhaust piston means adapted to operate in said cylinders, separate connecting means associat-ed with each of said pistonl means, the intake piston means of each unit adapted to move toward and the exhaust piston means adapted to move away from their respective connecting means during the expansion stroke of the power unit, a single crank throw for all piston means adapted to move toward, and a single crank throw for all piston means adapted to-move away from their respective connecting means during the expansion stroke of the respective units, said connecting means for the exhaust piston including means within the projected space of the intake pistons lengthwise of the engine and outside the projected space of the exhaust pistons.

14. A two-stroke cycle internal combustion engine having a single combustion chamber, intake and exhaust pistons commonly communicative with the combustion chamber, a single crank throw for each of the pistons, the intake piston adapted to move toward and the exhaust piston adapted to move away from their respective crank throws during the expansion stroke of the engine, and tie rods operatively associated with said exhaust piston and arranged within the lengthwise confining parallel planes of the intake piston, said tie rods extending to and connecting at the open end of the exhaust piston.

15. A two-stroke cycle internal combustio-n engine including a piston, a head, an over-head piston-valve, a single individual crankshaft for said piston, another single individual crankshaft for said piston-valve, said piston-valve adapte-d to move away from'its crankshaft during the expansion stroke of the engine, and connecting means for the piston-valve in line with the axis of the piston-valve.

16. A two-stroke cycle internal combustion engine including a plurality of power units each having a piston, and an over-head piston-valve, a crankshaft in the engine to operate all of the said pistons, and another crankshaft for all of said piston-valves of the engine, said pistonvalves adapted to move away from their crankshaft during the expansion stroke of the engine.

17. A two-stroke cycle internal combustion engine including a single combustion chamber, three parallel pistons commonly communicative with said combustion chamber, and a cylinder head, one of said piston means operable in said head and adapted to move opposite the other two.

18. A two-stroke cycle internal combustion engine including a single combustion chamber, three parallel pistons commonly communicative with said combustion chamber', a cylinder head and a crank throw for each of said pistons, one of said pistons operable in said head and adapted to move away from its crank throw during the expansion `stroke of the engine.

19. Inra two-stroke cycle internal combustion engine, the combination including substantially opposed cylinders, a single combustion chamber commonly communicative with the cylinders, substantially oppositely moving intake and exhaust controlling pistons inv the cylinders, a single crank-throw fory each of the pistons in line with their respective pistons, working faces on the pistons entirely exposed to the combustion chamber during maximum compression of the engine, and means` whereby the intake controlling piston moves toward and the exhaust controlling piston moves away from its respective crankthrow duringA the expansion stroke of the engine.

29. In a two-stroke cycle internal combustion engine, the combination including angularly disposed cylinders, a single combustion chamber commonly communicative with the cylinders, intake and exhaust controlling pistons in the cylinders, a single-crank-throw for each of the pistons in line with their respective pistons, working faces on the pistons entirely exposed to the combustion chamber during maximum compression of the engine, and means whereby the exhaust controlling piston moves away from its crank-throw during the expansion stroke thereof.

21. In a two-stroke cycle internal combustion engine, the combination. including a crankshaft, asingle combustion chamber,` a plurality of cylinders commonly communicative with, the combustion chamber, a plurality of intake pistons in the cylinders, an exhaust piston 'working` in one of the cylinders substantially opposite in direction to the pistons in the intake cylinders, a single crank-throw on the crankshaft cooperating with the exhaust piston, and means whereby the exhaust piston moves away from its crank-throw during the expansion stroke of the engine.

22. In a two-stroke cycle internal combustion engine, the combination including angularly disposed and substantially opposed cylinders, intake and exhaust pistons in the cylinders, a single crank-throw for the piston in the exhaust cylinder, and means whereby said piston moves away from its crank-throw during the expansion stroke of the engine.

23. In a two-stroke cycle internal combustion engine of the substantially straight-thru scavenging type, the combination of substantially opposite moving pistons communicative with a single combustion chamber, a single crank-throw crankshaft for each of the pistons, said crankthrows substantially adjacent to each other, and means connecting the crankshafts whereby they are caused to rotate at equal speed and in opposite directions, thereby counteracting their torque reactions on the engine of the moving parts associated with the crankshafts.

24. In a two-stroke cycle internal combustion engine, the combination including an intake piston, an exhaust piston, said pistons adapted to move substantially oppositely and adapted to communicate with a single combustion chamber, a single crankpin for the intake piston, a single crankpin for the exhaust piston substantially in the extended axis of the exhaust piston, said exhaust piston adapted to move away and said intake piston adapted to move toward their respective crankpins during the expansion stroke of the engine, and connecting means including a connecting rod between the exhaust piston and its crankpin, said connecting means being disposed substantially symmetrically along the axis of the exhaust piston.

25. In an internal combustion engine the combination of an intake-controlling and power-contributing piston, an exhaust-controlling and power-contributing piston, said pistons having closed ends commonly communicative with a single combustion chamber, a crankshaft, a connecting rod for the intake piston, means cooperating with the exhaust piston including a second crankshaft parallel to the rst mentioned crankshaft and having its axis coplanar with the axis of the exhaust piston, a crosshead, a connecting rod between the crosshead and the second crankshaft, and tie rods between the crosshead and the open end of the exhaust piston, said tie rod extending from the open end of the exhaust piston in the direction of the closed end of the exhaust piston, said connecting rod for the exhaust piston being disposed alongside the intake piston. Y

26. In a two-stroke cycle internal combustion engine, the combination including a single combustion chamber, oppostely moving intake and exhaust controlling pistons commonly communicative with the combustion chamber, a single crank-throw for each of the pistons in line with their respective pistons, and means whereby the intake piston moves toward and the exhaust piston away from their respective crank-throws during the expansion stroke of the engine, said means including connectingmeansbetween the exhaust piston and its crank-throw, said connecting means being disposed outside the combustion chamber substantially on one side of the engine and conned within a space smaller than the projected space of the intake piston.

27. In a two-stroke cycle internal combustion engine, the combination including a single combustion chamber, substantially oppositely moving intake and exhaust controlling pistons offset with respect to each other and commonly communicative with said combustion chamber, a single individual crank-throw for each of said pistons in line with their respective pistons, and means whereby the intake piston moves toward and the exhaust piston away from their respective crankthrow during the expansion stroke of the engine, said means including connecting means between the exhaust piston and its crank-throw, said connecting means being disposed outside the combustion chamber substantially on one side of the engine and within the projected space of the intake piston.

28. In a two-stroke cycle internal combustion engine, the combination including a single combustion chamber, angularly disposed and substantially oppositely moving intake and exhaust controlling pistons commonly communicative with the combustion chamber, operably connected crank means in line with and independently connected with one of said pistons, the intake piston being disposed between its crank means and the combustion chamber and the exhaust piston being disposed adjacent the combustion chamber and remote of its crank means, and connecting means for the exhaust piston disposed outside of the combustion chamber, substantially to one side thereof, and Within the longitudinal projected space of the engine required by the intake piston.

BENJAMIN KAHN.

Images