US2052403A - Boiler - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 25, 1936.

A. KAZLAUSKAS BOILER- Filed Jne 5,

1933 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR. AJQIZLAUS'KAS BY f MAM @M0f` y ATTORNEYS Patented Aug. 25, 1936 UNITED STATES- PATENT OFFICE 4 My Ainvention relates to boilers and has among its objectsv and advantages the provision of in,

creased heating efficiency 'through the effective utilization of the ordinarily wasted products ol combustion. The invention further embodies a novel adaptability to boilers of standard construction already installed.'

In the accompanying drawings:` Figure 1 is a side elevation of a heating system according to the invention;

Figure 2 is a transverse sectional view along the-line 2-2 o! Figure 5; l

Figure 3 isaI fragmentary view of .a -deec'ton Figure 4 is a sectional view along the line 4-4 l5 ol' Figure 5; and 1r x Figure'u isa longitudinal sectional view.

In the embodiment selected to illustrate my invention, I make use of a boiler I0 comprising the usual fire box portion I2 and fire tube portion I4. A housing I6 encloses the boiler with the ex-' ception of doors and dempers associated with the` iront end, and has its walls spaced from the boiler to provide a chamber I8 around the enclosed portions of the boiler. Thus the products of combustion pass through the ues 20 and accumulate in the chamber I8.. A partition 22 dennes-the bottom of the chamber I8 and is positioned -above the iloor line 24. substantially in a plane common with the grate in the fire box, .thus providing a space 26 communicating with a chimney 26. In Figures 4 and 5, the partition 22 terminates at 30 upon each side of the boiler to provide openings 32 establishing communication between the spaces I8 and 26.

35 Thus the products of combustion entering the chimney 23, thus eliminating wall surfaces at'- right angles to the direction of movement of the gases, which would tend to impede the dow of gases. l

The volume "of`the chamber I8 is suiiiciently large toinsure low velocitys0 that thermoconvection is an important factor inthe movement of the gases within the chamber and with re` spect to their exit. The capacity of the chamber I3 should not be less .than the volume of thev ilre box, thus insuring good circulation of the'gases. In designing the housing I6v to provide a space around the sides and top or the boiler, the hottest gases engage the boiler around the steam space so that relatively dry steam is delivered at all times. Thus the gases tend to move downwardly as they are cooled, and the gases leaving the chamber ljthrcugh the openings 32 are too 5 c ool to do any evaporating. Furthermore, the chamber I3 provides a secondary' combustion chamber of high temperature, so that substan-` tially complete burning of the ordinarily wasted unburned products'. of combustion is attained. 10/ However, the heat of the gases entering the -chamber 26 is utilized to warm the partition under the boiler and thus cut down on. the loss ofheat fromthat pcrtionof the boiler. These gases also tend to warm the door surrounding the 15 heating system and help keep it dry.

In Figures 2 and 3, I illustrate a deector 36 upon each side of the boiler having the lower edges spaced from the partition22 as 'at 33. The deiiectors are arranged to deect the gases en- 2 .tering the chamber I3 toward the top of the chamber so that the warmest gases will always engage the upper portions of the boiler. v( )rdinarily the gases entering the chamber I3 will move to the top oi the chamber and pass down- 25 wardly as they are cooled and influenced by draft. vThe deilectors insure movement of the hottest gases over the hottest parts of the boiler at times when a strong ,draft might draw theY gases out of the chamberA about' the( lower side walls 30- of 'the boiler before they have vascended to the upper part of the chamber. The spaces 38 separate the deflector 33 and the partition 22 so that there can be no pockets which might impede eilicient movement of the gases in the com- 35 partment I3, thus permitting thermoconvectlon to influence in a large degree the movement of the gases downwardly about' the boiler, with uniform 4the danger ofgas explosions, which are, quite v vfrequent when oil is burned.

The housing I6 comprises two brick walls 40 ,and 42 spaced apart to receive an. insulating 50 material 44. Referring to Figures 2 and 5, I place a sheet of cattle hair felt 46 adjacent the insulation `44 throughout the arched portion of the housing I6, which felt is of a thickness designated in 55 i ing a single pass for the products of combustion,

I provide an outer plaster coat 48 over the top of the housing substantially coextensive with the felt 46. I prefer to use a plaster analogous to the insulating material v44 with the exception of the cinders. Thus the area of the housing I6 subjected to the highest temperature is provided with additional insulation.

To insure thorough combustion of the unburned gases passing from the ues 20, I provide a pipe 50 having a nozzle 52 arranged to deliver a supplemental air jet in the path of the burning gases. This pipe passes downwardly through the partition 22 and through the housing I6 (see Figures l and 2) and is provided with a damper 54 controlling the movement of air through the pipe. This damper, as well as the damper 56 controlling th`e chimney 28 and the fire door 58, is automatically adjusted by the controlling device 60. Devices of this type are Well known in the art and need not be described in detail. The Weighted lever 62 is connected with the dampers 54 and 56 and the fire box door 58 through the medium of cables 64, 66 and 68, respectively. In- Figure 5, I illustrate a feed pipe 10 for the boiler and in Figure 1, I illustrate hot water and steam pipes'l2 and 14, respectively. Manholes may be provided in the brickwork to permit access to manholes in the boiler.

Without further elaboration the foregoing will so fully explain my invention that others may, by applying current knowledge, readily adapt the same for use under various conditions of service.

I claim:

1. In combination with a fire tube boiler hava housing enclosing the entire outer boiler shell except the fire box door and defining a chamber lying above and on both sides of the boiler shell and an enclosed space beyond the end of the boiler pass in open communication with said chamber, a partition defining the lower limits of said chamber and space and lying immediately below the bottom of said shell, said housing having an end wall, said partition terminating on either side of the re box short of the end wall of said housing to define a downwardly opening exit, and side walls and a floor cooperating with said partition to define an exit for the .spent gases of combustion, and exhaust means in the nature of `a stack for withdrawing the spent gases from said exit, said side walls including inclined portions defining a tapered entrance to said exhaust means. y

2. In combination with a nre tube boiler having a single pass for the products of combustion,

a housing enclosing the entire outer boiler shellexcept the end at the fire box door and defining a chamber lying above and on both sides of the boiler shell and an enclosed space beyond the end of the boiler pass in open communication with said chamber, a partition defining the lower limits of said chamber and space and lying immediately below the bottom of said shell, said housing having an end'wall, said partition terminating on either side of the fire box short of .the trade as 1/2 inch. It will also be noted that the end wall of said housing to dene a downwardly opening exit, and side walls and a floor cooperating with said partition to define an exit for the spent gases of combustion.

3. The combination with a boiler, of a housing substantially enclosing the same and arranged in spaced relation therewith, said boiler comprising a fire box portion and a fire tube portion, a partition within said housing dividing the space around the boiler into an upper compartment and a lower compartment and terminating short of one end of the boiler, to provide openings establishing communication between the two compartments, the fire tube portion lying within the upper compartment, defiecting means within said housing for deflecting products of combustion emerging from the fire tube portion toward the upper part of said upperr compartment, and a stack communicating with said lower compartment for withdrawing the spent gases.

4. In a steam generator, a liquid receptacle, an enclosure housing said receptacle, said enclosure including walls spaced from said receptacle, and another wall not so spaced having an outer surface wholly outside of said receptacle, and conduit means for passing spent gases coming from said enclosure along the outer surface of said last mentioned wall.

5. In combination with a boiler having a shell and re tubes, enclosure means for said boiler so constructed and arranged that products of combustion pass through said fire tubes, emerge therefrom and then pass back in a generally longitudinal direction in a stream along the outside of the shell of said boiler, and means so constructed and arranged that a fraction of said longitudinal stream is shunted away therefrom, passed in a generally circumferential direction along the outside of said boiler shell and then returned to intermingle with the products of combustion emerging from said re tubes.

6. In combination with an approximately horizontal boiler having a. shell and fire tubes having discharge openings at one end of said boiler; enclosure means for said boiler comprising a bottom wall directly underlying said shell, and side and top walls spaced from said shell and forming a U-shaped chamber, and an end wall, at said discharge end of said fire tube boiler, spaced from said shell and forming an end space in open communication with said chamber at said end space; and bafiles, spaced from said bottom wall, extending transversely across salid chamber at both sides of said boiler.

7. In a re tube boiler having a shell, walls dening passages for the products of combustion, a partition, extending longitudinally of said boiler shell, underneath said boiler shell, said partition at its upper facel covering a portion of the outer surface of said boiler shell, and an exit passageway for conveying the spent gases along the opposite face of said partition, to Warm said opposite face and reduce the rate of loss of heat from that portion of the boiler.

ANTHONY KAZLAUSKAS.

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