US2047351A - Cathode disintegration - Google Patents
Cathode disintegration Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2047351A US2047351A US751092A US75109234A US2047351A US 2047351 A US2047351 A US 2047351A US 751092 A US751092 A US 751092A US 75109234 A US75109234 A US 75109234A US 2047351 A US2047351 A US 2047351A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- metal
- cathode disintegration
- disintegration
- cathode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 30
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 30
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 10
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 6
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical group [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCLURTMBFDTLSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel platinum Chemical compound [Ni].[Pt] PCLURTMBFDTLSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C14/024—Deposition of sublayers, e.g. to promote adhesion of the coating
- C23C14/025—Metallic sublayers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
- Y10T428/12597—Noncrystalline silica or noncrystalline plural-oxide component [e.g., glass, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
- Y10T428/12611—Oxide-containing component
- Y10T428/12618—Plural oxides
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an improved process of cathode disintegration.
- Metallic layers'obtained by cathode disintegration upon smooth supports such as glass, porcelain, enam'el, e'tc., have in general this drawback that they are not veryv adherent and that they do not withstand electric charges when the layer is inserted in an electric circuit as an electric resistance such as a heating element, etc.
- the object of the invention is to obtain by cathode disintegration strongly adhering and resisting metal layers.
- the invention is characterized in that a hard metal of the iron or tungsten groups (periodic system) is first deposited by cathode disintegration upon a suitable support, and afterwards another metal, which would not give by itself a sufficiently adherent and resistant layer, is deposited by cathode disintegration upon the first metal.
- Hard metals according to the present invention are metals such as Fe, Co, Ni, Mo, W and Cr.
- the chemical resistance is increased if the'metal deposited in the second place is a metal of the precious metals group; Pd, Pt, Ir, Rh, Au, Ag.
- the dispersion is eilected upon a support heated at a high temperature (the support being heated either in a direct or in an indirect manner) and preferably with a high voltage current. It has been ascertained that in this manner the combined layer obtained is analogous to an alloy of the two metals which have been deposited.
- a combined layer nickel-platinum for instance, has all the advantages of a nickel layer and at the same time is much more passive to oxidation.
- the same remark applies to layers of cobalt and platinum, of molybdenum and platinum. Excellent results are obtained with chromium and platinum or with chromium and iridium.
- the present invention it is also possible to apply the present invention to the production of heating plates capable of withstanding a surface temperature of from 350 C. to 450 0., without the necessity of protecting themetal layers. Thanks to the present invention, it will be possible in many cases to use plates, instead of wires, as electric resistances. Whilst a layer of platinum would crack if subjected to an electric current of one watt per square centimeter of surface, a combined layer of a hard metal and platinum according to the present invention can withstand charges of ten watts per square centimetre, or more.
- a suitable support according to the present invention use may be made of a substance having a smooth surface, without pores, capable of withstanding high temperatures without breaking or cracking.
- substances particularly suitable the following may be cited: enamel metal plates, quartz which has been molten, certain kinds of enamelled porcelain. In certain cases, where the temperature should not be too high, glass may also be used.
- a layer of nickel of ten millimicrons is first deposited upon a suitable support by cathode disintegration.
- a layer of platinum of twenty millimicrons is afterwards deposited upon the first, the support being heated between 200 and 300. C., and the voltage used being 2400 volts.
- the layer thus obtained does not dissolve in sulfuric acid, or in hydrochloric acid, nor in concentrated nitric acid and it does not become oxidized, even at high temperatures. Moreover, the said layer is a better conductor of electricity than a layer consisting of the precious metal alone and having the same thickness.
- the combined layer can be removed from its support with diflficulty only, and does not crack easily.
- The'layers obtained according to the present invention will be utilized with advantage in all the cases where it is desired to obtain a layer of high mechanical, electrical and/or chemical resistance;
- a process of coating objects having hard, smooth, non-metallic surfaces which comprises first depositing upon such surfaces by cathode disintegration a layer of a metal selected from the metals of the iron and tungsten groups of the periodic system, and then depositing by cathode disintegration upon said first layer a layer of a different metal which is strongly adherent to the first metal to form a coating having high resistance to injury by chemical, mechanical or electrical influences.
- a process of coating objects having hard, smooth, non-metallic surfaces which comprises first depositing upon such surfaces by cathode disintegration a layer of a metal selected from the metals of the iron group of the periodic system, and then depositing by cathode disintegration upon said first layer a layer of a different metal which is strongly adherent to the first metal to form a coating having high resistance to injury by chemical, mechanical or electrical influences.
- a process of coating objects having hard, smooth, non-metallic surfaces which comprises first depositing upon such surfaces by cathode disintegration a layer of a metal selected from the metals of the tungsten group of the periodic system, and then depositing by cathode disintegration upon said first layer alayer of a different metal which is strongly adherent to the first metal to form a coating having high resistance to injury by chemical, mechanicalor electrical influences.
- a process of coating objects having hard, smooth, non-metallic surfaces which comprises first depositing upon such surfaces by cathode disintegration a layer of a metal selected from the metals of the iron and tungsten groups of the periodic, system, and then depositing by cathode disintegration upon said first layer a layer of a precious metal which is strongly adherent to the first metal to form a coating having high resistance to injury by chemical, mechanical or electrical influences.
- a process of coating objects having hard, smooth, non-metallic surfaces which comprises first heating said surfaces and depositing on such heated surfaces by cathode disintegration a layer of a metal selected from the metals of the iron and tungsten groups of the periodic system, and then depositing by cathode disintegration upon said first layer a layer of a different metal which is strongly adherent to the first metal to form a coating having high resistance to injury by chemical, mechanical or electrical influences.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Description
Patented July 14, 1936 PATENT OFFICE CATHODE DISINTEGRATION Paul Alexander, Brussels, Belgium, minor to La Dispersion Cathodique (en abrg Disca) S. A.,
Brussels, Be l No Drawing. Application November 1, 1934, Serial No. 751,092. In France October 16, 1934 6 Claims.
The present invention relates to an improved process of cathode disintegration.
Metallic layers'obtained by cathode disintegration upon smooth supports such as glass, porcelain, enam'el, e'tc., have in general this drawback that they are not veryv adherent and that they do not withstand electric charges when the layer is inserted in an electric circuit as an electric resistance such as a heating element, etc.
The object of the invention is to obtain by cathode disintegration strongly adhering and resisting metal layers.
The invention is characterized in that a hard metal of the iron or tungsten groups (periodic system) is first deposited by cathode disintegration upon a suitable support, and afterwards another metal, which would not give by itself a sufficiently adherent and resistant layer, is deposited by cathode disintegration upon the first metal. Hard metals according to the present invention are metals such as Fe, Co, Ni, Mo, W and Cr.
It has been found that such a layer is strongly adherent and has a high mechanical and electrical resistance.
It has been found moreover that the chemical resistance is increased if the'metal deposited in the second place is a metal of the precious metals group; Pd, Pt, Ir, Rh, Au, Ag.
Moreover, it is possible to increase the resistance of the layer produced if the dispersion is eilected upon a support heated at a high temperature (the support being heated either in a direct or in an indirect manner) and preferably with a high voltage current. It has been ascertained that in this manner the combined layer obtained is analogous to an alloy of the two metals which have been deposited. A combined layer nickel-platinum for instance, has all the advantages of a nickel layer and at the same time is much more passive to oxidation. The same remark applies to layers of cobalt and platinum, of molybdenum and platinum. Excellent results are obtained with chromium and platinum or with chromium and iridium.
It is also possible to apply the present invention to the production of heating plates capable of withstanding a surface temperature of from 350 C. to 450 0., without the necessity of protecting themetal layers. Thanks to the present invention, it will be possible in many cases to use plates, instead of wires, as electric resistances. Whilst a layer of platinum would crack if subjected to an electric current of one watt per square centimeter of surface, a combined layer of a hard metal and platinum according to the present invention can withstand charges of ten watts per square centimetre, or more.
As a suitable support according to the present invention, use may be made of a substance having a smooth surface, without pores, capable of withstanding high temperatures without breaking or cracking. As substances particularly suitable, the following may be cited: enamel metal plates, quartz which has been molten, certain kinds of enamelled porcelain. In certain cases, where the temperature should not be too high, glass may also be used.
Example of carrying the invention into effect:
A layer of nickel of ten millimicrons is first deposited upon a suitable support by cathode disintegration. A layer of platinum of twenty millimicrons is afterwards deposited upon the first, the support being heated between 200 and 300. C., and the voltage used being 2400 volts.
The layer thus obtained does not dissolve in sulfuric acid, or in hydrochloric acid, nor in concentrated nitric acid and it does not become oxidized, even at high temperatures. Moreover, the said layer is a better conductor of electricity than a layer consisting of the precious metal alone and having the same thickness. The combined layer can be removed from its support with diflficulty only, and does not crack easily.
It was not possible so far to obtain well adhering mirrors, silvered mirrors for instance, by cathode disintegration. Thanks to the present invention it is possible to deposit first a layer of nickel or of molybdenum upon a suitable support, and to deposit afterwards a. layer of silver; a mirror is thus obtained having a strongly adhering layer of silver. i
. The'layers obtained according to the present invention will be utilized with advantage in all the cases where it is desired to obtain a layer of high mechanical, electrical and/or chemical resistance;
I claim:
1. A process of coating objects having hard, smooth, non-metallic surfaces, which comprises first depositing upon such surfaces by cathode disintegration a layer of a metal selected from the metals of the iron and tungsten groups of the periodic system, and then depositing by cathode disintegration upon said first layer a layer of a different metal which is strongly adherent to the first metal to form a coating having high resistance to injury by chemical, mechanical or electrical influences. 55
2. A process of coating objects having hard, smooth, non-metallic surfaces, which comprises first depositing upon such surfaces by cathode disintegration a layer of a metal selected from the metals of the iron group of the periodic system, and then depositing by cathode disintegration upon said first layer a layer of a different metal which is strongly adherent to the first metal to form a coating having high resistance to injury by chemical, mechanical or electrical influences. 3. A process of coating objects having hard, smooth, non-metallic surfaces, which comprises first depositing upon such surfaces by cathode disintegration a layer of a metal selected from the metals of the tungsten group of the periodic system, and then depositing by cathode disintegration upon said first layer alayer of a different metal which is strongly adherent to the first metal to form a coating having high resistance to injury by chemical, mechanicalor electrical influences.
4. A process of coating objects having hard, smooth, non-metallic surfaces, which comprises first depositing upon such surfaces by cathode disintegration a layer of a metal selected from the metals of the iron and tungsten groups of the periodic, system, and then depositing by cathode disintegration upon said first layer a layer of a precious metal which is strongly adherent to the first metal to form a coating having high resistance to injury by chemical, mechanical or electrical influences.
5. A process of coating objects having hard, smooth, non-metallic surfaces, which comprises first heating said surfaces and depositing on such heated surfaces by cathode disintegration a layer of a metal selected from the metals of the iron and tungsten groups of the periodic system, and then depositing by cathode disintegration upon said first layer a layer of a different metal which is strongly adherent to the first metal to form a coating having high resistance to injury by chemical, mechanical or electrical influences.
6. A process of coating objects having hard,
- smooth, non-metallic surfaces, which comprises coating having high resistance to injury by chem- 25 ical, mechanical or electrical influences.
PAUL ALEXANDER.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR656875X | 1934-10-16 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2047351A true US2047351A (en) | 1936-07-14 |
Family
ID=9008078
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US751092A Expired - Lifetime US2047351A (en) | 1934-10-16 | 1934-11-01 | Cathode disintegration |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2047351A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE656875C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR793015A (en) |
Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2423729A (en) * | 1939-02-22 | 1947-07-08 | Ruhle Rudolf | Vaporization of substances in a vacuum |
| US2447836A (en) * | 1942-04-02 | 1948-08-24 | Keuffel & Esser Co | Precision images and methods of producing them |
| US2464256A (en) * | 1944-02-05 | 1949-03-15 | Donald M Packer | Front-surface reflector and method of making same |
| US2482054A (en) * | 1944-06-24 | 1949-09-13 | Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co | Mirror structure having a metal to glass adherence increasing interlayer |
| US2588421A (en) * | 1947-12-19 | 1952-03-11 | Metallizing Engineering Co Inc | Application of sprayed metal coatings to solid objects |
| US2588531A (en) * | 1948-04-26 | 1952-03-11 | Arthur L Johnson | Electric soldering iron |
| US2702760A (en) * | 1951-04-25 | 1955-02-22 | Western Electric Co | Method of applying metallic stripes to a web of paper |
| US2760036A (en) * | 1952-09-16 | 1956-08-21 | Robert C Raymer | Metallic film potentiometer |
| US2815302A (en) * | 1954-03-12 | 1957-12-03 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Film resistors |
| US2842463A (en) * | 1953-09-04 | 1958-07-08 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Vapor deposited metal films |
| US2882377A (en) * | 1951-10-24 | 1959-04-14 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Electrical resistor metal coatings on refractory materials |
| US2885310A (en) * | 1954-09-13 | 1959-05-05 | Ohmite Mfg Company | Method and apparatus for making film resistors |
| US2904765A (en) * | 1955-10-17 | 1959-09-15 | Jerrold M Seehof | Fast response recording hygrometer |
| US2928061A (en) * | 1956-10-18 | 1960-03-08 | Tung Sol Electric Inc | Ballast tube |
| US2962393A (en) * | 1953-04-21 | 1960-11-29 | John G Ruckelshaus | Method of preparing electrical resistors |
| US3467584A (en) * | 1966-10-24 | 1969-09-16 | Ernest H Lyons Jr | Plating platinum metals on chromium |
| US3690043A (en) * | 1968-11-25 | 1972-09-12 | Bodo Futterer | Electrofilter for gases |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE883927C (en) * | 1938-10-30 | 1953-07-23 | Siemens Ag | Quartz crystal for high frequency purposes |
| DE767381C (en) * | 1939-02-23 | 1952-07-28 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Production of metal layers by metal vapor deposition |
| DE748506C (en) * | 1939-07-27 | 1944-11-04 | Work surfaces for valve cones of internal combustion engines and similar metallic machine parts | |
| DE941300C (en) * | 1943-05-01 | 1956-04-05 | Siemens Ag | Process to achieve greater surface conductivity at contact points of metallic layer resistors |
| DE975973C (en) * | 1943-11-27 | 1962-12-27 | Siemens Ag | Vaporized or dusted metal layer largely resistant to corrosion |
| DE1156289B (en) * | 1952-10-31 | 1963-10-24 | Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co | Process for the production of transparent and electrically conductive coatings on translucent bodies of an inorganic or organic nature |
| GB968464A (en) * | 1962-01-05 | 1964-09-02 | Bristol Aircraft Ltd | Improvements in or relating to deposited electrical circuits |
| BE639640A (en) * | 1962-05-25 | 1900-01-01 | ||
| DE1269695B (en) * | 1963-06-13 | 1968-06-06 | Western Electric Co | Process for the non-electrolytic deposition of a cobalt layer on an insulating substrate |
| US3504325A (en) * | 1967-10-17 | 1970-03-31 | Gen Electric | Beta-tungsten resistor films and method of forming |
| GB2181456B (en) * | 1985-10-07 | 1989-10-25 | Gen Electric | Depositing metal films on dielectric substrates |
| JP2602329B2 (en) * | 1988-07-06 | 1997-04-23 | インターナショナル・ビジネス・マシーンズ・コーポレーション | Method of coating a substrate with a metal layer |
-
1934
- 1934-10-16 FR FR793015D patent/FR793015A/en not_active Expired
- 1934-11-01 US US751092A patent/US2047351A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1934-12-20 DE DED69393D patent/DE656875C/en not_active Expired
Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2423729A (en) * | 1939-02-22 | 1947-07-08 | Ruhle Rudolf | Vaporization of substances in a vacuum |
| US2447836A (en) * | 1942-04-02 | 1948-08-24 | Keuffel & Esser Co | Precision images and methods of producing them |
| US2464256A (en) * | 1944-02-05 | 1949-03-15 | Donald M Packer | Front-surface reflector and method of making same |
| US2482054A (en) * | 1944-06-24 | 1949-09-13 | Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co | Mirror structure having a metal to glass adherence increasing interlayer |
| US2588421A (en) * | 1947-12-19 | 1952-03-11 | Metallizing Engineering Co Inc | Application of sprayed metal coatings to solid objects |
| US2588531A (en) * | 1948-04-26 | 1952-03-11 | Arthur L Johnson | Electric soldering iron |
| US2702760A (en) * | 1951-04-25 | 1955-02-22 | Western Electric Co | Method of applying metallic stripes to a web of paper |
| US2882377A (en) * | 1951-10-24 | 1959-04-14 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Electrical resistor metal coatings on refractory materials |
| US2760036A (en) * | 1952-09-16 | 1956-08-21 | Robert C Raymer | Metallic film potentiometer |
| US2962393A (en) * | 1953-04-21 | 1960-11-29 | John G Ruckelshaus | Method of preparing electrical resistors |
| US2842463A (en) * | 1953-09-04 | 1958-07-08 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Vapor deposited metal films |
| US2815302A (en) * | 1954-03-12 | 1957-12-03 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Film resistors |
| US2885310A (en) * | 1954-09-13 | 1959-05-05 | Ohmite Mfg Company | Method and apparatus for making film resistors |
| US2904765A (en) * | 1955-10-17 | 1959-09-15 | Jerrold M Seehof | Fast response recording hygrometer |
| US2928061A (en) * | 1956-10-18 | 1960-03-08 | Tung Sol Electric Inc | Ballast tube |
| US3467584A (en) * | 1966-10-24 | 1969-09-16 | Ernest H Lyons Jr | Plating platinum metals on chromium |
| US3690043A (en) * | 1968-11-25 | 1972-09-12 | Bodo Futterer | Electrofilter for gases |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE656875C (en) | 1938-02-16 |
| FR793015A (en) | 1936-01-15 |
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