US2040283A - Flux for cadmium and its alloys and method for regenerating same - Google Patents
Flux for cadmium and its alloys and method for regenerating same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2040283A US2040283A US720563A US72056334A US2040283A US 2040283 A US2040283 A US 2040283A US 720563 A US720563 A US 720563A US 72056334 A US72056334 A US 72056334A US 2040283 A US2040283 A US 2040283A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- flux
- cadmium
- alloys
- chloride
- regenerating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 title description 31
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 17
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 15
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title description 15
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 10
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 title description 9
- 229940044194 cadmium Drugs 0.000 description 16
- YKYOUMDCQGMQQO-UHFFFAOYSA-L cadmium dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Cd]Cl YKYOUMDCQGMQQO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000001649 bromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 6
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229960001040 ammonium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- KPWJBEFBFLRCLH-UHFFFAOYSA-L Cadmium bromide Inorganic materials Br[Cd]Br KPWJBEFBFLRCLH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000925 Cd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000008045 alkali metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium bromide Chemical compound [NH4+].[Br-] SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- -1 cadmium halide Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910020549 KCl—NaCl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101100409308 Neurospora crassa (strain ATCC 24698 / 74-OR23-1A / CBS 708.71 / DSM 1257 / FGSC 987) adv-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001661 cadmium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PBHRBFFOJOXGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium Chemical compound [Cd].[Cd] PBHRBFFOJOXGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXKCTMHTOKXKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium oxide Chemical compound [Cd]=O CXKCTMHTOKXKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000374 eutectic mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004694 iodide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Inorganic materials [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/10—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with refining or fluxing agents; Use of materials therefor, e.g. slagging or scorifying agents
Definitions
- This invention relates to flux for cadmium and its alloys and to a method for regenerating said flux.
- the metal or alloy be- 10 comes coated with a dry powder comprising metallic oxides and metal dross which condition becomes pronounced above 400 -C. and above which temperature metal losses by volatilization and burning are substantial.
- an additional difficulty is encountered by reason of the toxicity of the cadmium fume evolved particularly' at operating temperatures in excess of
- the present invention provides a flux for cad mium and its alloys which overcomes the dimculties met with when no flux is used and which at the same time is free from such objectionable characteristics; as those heretofore .mentioned 5 that are exhibited by slags or fluxes of the type 3 previously employed in the art.
- the metal or alloy be- 10 comes coated with a dry powder comprising metallic oxides and metal dross which condition becomes pronounced above 400 -C. and above which temperature metal losses by volatilization and burning are substantial.
- an additional difficulty is encountered by reason of the toxicity of the cadmium fume evolved particularly' at operating temperatures in excess of
- the present invention provides
- invention provides a simple and eflicient method for regenerating the nu so that it may be used indefinitely.
- the flux of theinvention which'has been found to give greatly improved results, comprises a mixture of cadmium chloride and/or bromide and one or more alkali salts selected from the chlorides and bromides of the three alkali met- 45 als, lithium, potassium and sodium;-
- Such a flux is liquid at low temperatures, effectively seals 9. bath of the molten cadmium or cadmium alloy from the air, will not form a coating on articles dipped in the molten metal through a cover of 50 the flux, and is capable of beingu sed' for long periods of time.
- it has, further been found that such flux may be readily regenerated'by adv 1 ditions of ammoniumchloride and/or bromide which is probably effected according to the equation:
- the flux may be initially formed by adda ing ammonium chloride or bromide to a suitable 5 alkali salt mixture on the surface of the bath, thus generating the necessary cadmium chloride in situ.
- ammonium salts also tend to improve the cleaning efliciency and lower the 'melt- 1o ing point of the flux.
- a flux comprising 58% cadmium chloride, :22% potassium chloride and sodium chloride and which melted at approximately 354 C. 15 was employed as a cover for a cadmium alloy bath used for coating articles by dipping. Articles introduced into the molten alloy through the flux remained perfectly clean thus allowing them to be readily wetted by the alloy. Ammonium chloride was added from time to time as were small quantities of the binary salt mixture comprising 52% potassium chloride and 48% sodium chloride and after twenty-four hours of continuous operation, the flux did not build up aninsoluble sludge.
- the present invention provides a flux and method for regenerating same which mark a distinct improvement in the art relating to cadmium and its alloys and that while certain specific disclosures have been for purposes of illustration it is possible that various omissions, substitutions and changes may be made'without departing from the invention.
- a stable flux of low melting point for cadmium and its alloys consisting of cadmium chloride and/or bromide and one or more alkali salts selected from the group consisting of the chicrides and bromides of lithium, potassium and sodium.
- a stable flux of low melting point for cadmium and its alloys consisting of cadmium chloride and one or more alkali salts selected from the group consisting of the chlorides of lithium, potassium and sodium.
- a stable flux of low meltingpoint for cadmium and its alloys consisting of cadmium bromide and one or more alkali salts selected from the group consisting of the) bromides of lithium, potassium and sodium.
- a flux for cadmium and its alloys consisting of a substantially eutectic mixture of cadmium and alkali metal halides of the group comprising chlorides and bromides.
- a stable flux of low melting point for cadmium and its alloys comprising a cadmium halide, an'ammonium halide and at least one alkali metal halide, the said halides being exclusive of fluorides and iodides.
- a flux for cadmium and its alloys comprising approximately 58% cadmium chloride, 22% potassium chloride and 20% sodium chloride.
- the method of preparing a flux for cadmium which comprises fusing one or more salts selected from the group consisting of the chlorides and bromides. of lithium, potassium and sodium on a cadmium-containing bath and adding a corresponding ammonium salt in sumcient quantities to generate in situ in the flux the corresponding cadmium salt.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
Patented "May 12, 1936 PATENT OFFICE FLUX FOB. CADMIUM AND ITS ALLOYS AND METHOD FOR REGENERATING SAME Carl E. Swartz, Highland Park, N. 1., assignor to American Smelting and Refining Company, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New Jersey No Drawing. Application April 14, 1934, Serial No. 720,563
Claims.
This invention relates to flux for cadmium and its alloys and to a method for regenerating said flux.
r It is highly desirable in many commercial op- .5 erations involving-the use of cadmium or its alloys to conduct such operations in the presence of a vflux and a variety of factors contribute to.
make the use of a flux necessary. For example, when no flux is employed the metal or alloy be- 10 comes coated with a dry powder comprising metallic oxides and metal dross which condition becomes pronounced above 400 -C. and above which temperature metal losses by volatilization and burning are substantial. Further, an additional difficulty is encountered by reason of the toxicity of the cadmium fume evolved particularly' at operating temperatures in excess of The present invention provides a flux for cad mium and its alloys which overcomes the dimculties met with when no flux is used and which at the same time is free from such objectionable characteristics; as those heretofore .mentioned 5 that are exhibited by slags or fluxes of the type 3 previously employed in the art. In addition, the
invention provides a simple and eflicient method for regenerating the nu so that it may be used indefinitely.
The flux of theinvention. which'has been found to give greatly improved results, comprises a mixture of cadmium chloride and/or bromide and one or more alkali salts selected from the chlorides and bromides of the three alkali met- 45 als, lithium, potassium and sodium;- Such a flux is liquid at low temperatures, effectively seals 9. bath of the molten cadmium or cadmium alloy from the air, will not form a coating on articles dipped in the molten metal through a cover of 50 the flux, and is capable of beingu sed' for long periods of time. In addition to-the'se and other important advantages, it has, further been found that such flux may be readily regenerated'by adv 1 ditions of ammoniumchloride and/or bromide which is probably effected according to the equation:
CdO+2NH4Cl- CdC12+2NHa+H2O In fact the flux may be initially formed by adda ing ammonium chloride or bromide to a suitable 5 alkali salt mixture on the surface of the bath, thus generating the necessary cadmium chloride in situ. These ammonium salts also tend to improve the cleaning efliciency and lower the 'melt- 1o ing point of the flux.
As a specific example to illustrate the invention, a flux comprising 58% cadmium chloride, :22% potassium chloride and sodium chloride and which melted at approximately 354 C. 15 was employed as a cover for a cadmium alloy bath used for coating articles by dipping. Articles introduced into the molten alloy through the flux remained perfectly clean thus allowing them to be readily wetted by the alloy. Ammonium chloride was added from time to time as were small quantities of the binary salt mixture comprising 52% potassium chloride and 48% sodium chloride and after twenty-four hours of continuous operation, the flux did not build up aninsoluble sludge.
While the particular CdCla-KCl-NaCl mixture above mentioned is of interest and importance in that such mixture approaches the ternary eutectic point, other ratios may be used 3 with excellent results. Also, it has been found 0 that the bromides may be substituted for the .chlorides with satisfactory results and ammonium bromide may be used in the regenerating process. A flux comprising a CdBri-KBn- NaBr mixture having a melting point of only 288 C. has given good results. Also lithium. chloride or lithium bromide may be used either as a substitute for or in combination with the chlorides and/or bromides of potassium and sodium. In general, the choice of salts used will be dictated by their respective costs.
It will thus be appreciated that the present invention provides a flux and method for regenerating same which mark a distinct improvement in the art relating to cadmium and its alloys and that while certain specific disclosures have been for purposes of illustration it is possible that various omissions, substitutions and changes may be made'without departing from the invention.
What is claimed is: I
1. A stable flux of low melting point for cadmium and its alloys consisting of cadmium chloride and/or bromide and one or more alkali salts selected from the group consisting of the chicrides and bromides of lithium, potassium and sodium.
2. The method for regenerating the flux set forth in claim 1 which comprises incorporating ammonium chloride and/or bromide therein.
3. A stable flux of low melting point for cadmium and its alloys consisting of cadmium chloride and one or more alkali salts selected from the group consisting of the chlorides of lithium, potassium and sodium.
4. The method for regenerating the flux set forth in claim 3 which comprises incorporating ammonium chloride therein.
5. A stable flux of low meltingpoint for cadmium and its alloys consisting of cadmium bromide and one or more alkali salts selected from the group consisting of the) bromides of lithium, potassium and sodium.
6. The method for regenerating'the flux set forth in claim 5 which comprises incorporating ammonium bromide therein.
'7. A flux for cadmium and its alloys consisting of a substantially eutectic mixture of cadmium and alkali metal halides of the group comprising chlorides and bromides.
8. A stable flux of low melting point for cadmium and its alloys comprising a cadmium halide, an'ammonium halide and at least one alkali metal halide, the said halides being exclusive of fluorides and iodides.
9. A flux for cadmium and its alloys comprising approximately 58% cadmium chloride, 22% potassium chloride and 20% sodium chloride.
10. The method of preparing a flux for cadmium which comprises fusing one or more salts selected from the group consisting of the chlorides and bromides. of lithium, potassium and sodium on a cadmium-containing bath and adding a corresponding ammonium salt in sumcient quantities to generate in situ in the flux the corresponding cadmium salt.
' CARL E. SWARTZ.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US720563A US2040283A (en) | 1934-04-14 | 1934-04-14 | Flux for cadmium and its alloys and method for regenerating same |
| BE408905D BE408905A (en) | 1934-04-14 | 1935-04-10 | IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOW PREPARATION FOR CADMIUM AND ITS ALLOYS |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US720563A US2040283A (en) | 1934-04-14 | 1934-04-14 | Flux for cadmium and its alloys and method for regenerating same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2040283A true US2040283A (en) | 1936-05-12 |
Family
ID=24894457
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US720563A Expired - Lifetime US2040283A (en) | 1934-04-14 | 1934-04-14 | Flux for cadmium and its alloys and method for regenerating same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2040283A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2473004A (en) * | 1945-06-02 | 1949-06-14 | Du Pont | Galvanizing flux |
| US2715765A (en) * | 1952-08-06 | 1955-08-23 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | Hot working vanadium |
| US2849307A (en) * | 1945-12-03 | 1958-08-26 | Foote Frank | Method and flux composition for treating uranium |
| US2849308A (en) * | 1945-12-03 | 1958-08-26 | Foote Frank | Flux composition and method for treating uranium-containing metal |
-
1934
- 1934-04-14 US US720563A patent/US2040283A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2473004A (en) * | 1945-06-02 | 1949-06-14 | Du Pont | Galvanizing flux |
| US2849307A (en) * | 1945-12-03 | 1958-08-26 | Foote Frank | Method and flux composition for treating uranium |
| US2849308A (en) * | 1945-12-03 | 1958-08-26 | Foote Frank | Flux composition and method for treating uranium-containing metal |
| US2715765A (en) * | 1952-08-06 | 1955-08-23 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | Hot working vanadium |
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