US1938804A - Method of producing solvents and emulsifying agents - Google Patents

Description

Patented so, 12, 1933 METHOD OF PRUDIUCHNG SOLVENTS AND EMULSHFYING AGENTS I Mendel Burak, Berlin-Weissensee, Germany No Drawing. Application June 4, 1930, Serial No. 459,251, and in Germany June '7, 1929 9 Claims.

The present invention relates to a method of producing solvents and emulsifying agents for fatty substances of every description, mineral oils and the like, solvent-soaps, boring oils, means for fighting noxious animals, seed preparations, and consists in adding olein to a mixture of soaps or soap substitutes, suchas the salts of aromatic and hydroaromatic sulfo acids, and higher molecular alcohols such as cyclohexanol or its homologues to the substances to be emulsifled or dissolved with water" to an unrestricted extent, whereby the amount of olein does not exceed 20 percent and the amount of cyclohexanol does not exceed 8 per cent of the organic compound to be emulsified or dissolved.

The use of olein and other fatty acids for producing emulsions is known to the prior art f. i. the compounds to be emulsified such as hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, mineral oils a. s. o. are mixed'with olein and an amount of alcali lye not sufiicient to saponify the fatty acid. So prepared emulsions in this manner are not stable and not clearlysoluble in water. If emulsions of this class are added to soaps, the latter I tendto become rancid and speckled, owing to the presence of larger'amounts of free fatty acids. Boring and cutting oils prepared with oleic acid and other fatty'acids disclose similar properties and thus often causeiron parts treated with them to rust readily. Moreover, the stability of the emulsions of this kind is not:very great.

The employment of alcohols having a high molecularweight leads to more stable emulsions. Such alcohols as f. i. cyclohexanol and the hornologues of cyclohexanol have an extraordinary high emulsifyingjvalour, but possess the inconvenience of an unpleasant odour which renders them unsuitable when used in connection with soaps, unless they are employed in no higher percentage than 8 per cent calculated on the compounds to be emulsified, viz dissolved to a transparent solution with water.

The surprising fact has been discovered now that, if olein be added to the mixtures of soaps or soaps substituents and higher molecular alcohols such as cyclohexanol or homologues of cyclohexanol, the emulsifying and fat-dissolving action of this new combination is considerably higher than could be expected in view of the action of the various constituents, as indicated by the following experiments:

Experiment I.-30 parts of potash soap will dissolve 3 parts of Vaseline oil.

30 parts of potash soap and 7 parts of olein will dissolve 20 parts of Vaseline oil.

30 partsof potash soap and 2 parts of cyclohexanol will dissolve 5 parts of Vaseline oil.

But 30 parts of potash soap, 7 parts of olein and 2 parts of cyclohexanol will clearly dissolve 32 parts of Vaseline oil, which represents an excess of 52% compared with the additive eifect of the individual components.

Experiment II.30 parts of soap will dissolve 3 partsvaseline oil.

30 parts of soap and 5 parts of olein will dissolve 10 parts of Vaseline oil.

30 parts of soap and 2 parts of cyclohexanol will dissolve 5 parts'oi Vaseline oil.

But 30 parts of soap, 2 parts of cyclohexanol and 5. parts of olein will dissolve 20 parts of Vaseline oil, which is equal to an excess of 90% over the efiect to be expected.

Therefore, in order to. emulsify or dissolve a certain amount of fatty acids hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, carbon disulfide, pyridin, decahydronaphthalene, oil of turpentine or mineral oils, a much smaller quantity of alcohol as well as olein is required. This means that the products made by means of such a combination are free from the unpleasant odor which is unavoidable if alcohol alone is used.

Another unexpected superior feature of products prepared as described is that the injurious eifects of free fatty acid, which cause metal parts to become rusty and soap to get rancid, are no longer apparent.

Furthermore, the method described is more economical, since lesser quantities of expensive emulsifiers such as olein, alcohol and the like are needed;

Instead of soap, substitutes'thereof such as the salts of sulfo acids, aromatic and hydroaromatic ones, or mixtures thereof with soap may be employed.

Example 1.-35 parts of a commercial soft soap are dissolved as usual in water or spirit and, under constant stirring, mixed with 30 parts of spindle oil, 10 parts of decahydronaphthalene and parts of oil of turpentine, whereupon 8 parts of olein and 1 part higher alcohols, such as cyclohexanol, are added. The resulting emulsion is absolutely clear and can be mixed with any proportion. with water to a transparent solution.

Example 2.32 parts of soft soap are mixed with organic compounds insoluble in water such as oil of turpentine, heavy petrol, spindle oil, trichlorethylene, carbon disulfide, pyridin, fish oil and thelike, whereupon 6 parts of olein and 2 parts higher alcohols such as methylthe agent or afterwards.

hexalin are added. If this emulsi'on is mixed with water it results a transparent solution.

Emample 3. parts of olein are mixed with 62 parts of insoluble organic compounds of the kind mentioned in Example 2, whereupon 2 parts of cyclohexanol and 1 part of methylcyclohexanol are added and the mixture is saponified with a sufficient amount of potashlye wherein 5 parts of a hydroaromatic sulfonate are dissolved so as to leave an excess of 6 parts of free olein. If

this emulsion is mixed with water it results in a transparent solution. I

It is to be understood that the proportions indicated for the respective constituents are only given by Way of example and I. do not desire to limit myself to the exact proportions above specified. Also no limitations are made as to the character of organic compounds to be rendered into a transparent water-solution, viz.'emu sion. The kind of soaps or soap substituents entering the combination is not limited. It is also admissible insteadof using ready soaps, to saponify fatty acids during themixing process of The order in which the different ingredients are mixed according to the examples can naturally be changed. While Z have described my invention by reference to certain specific details, it is to be understood that these are for a purpose of illustrating the practice of the invention and are not limitative, and I intend to claim all inherent novelty as broadly as the prior art permits.

I claim:

1. Method to render water insoluble organic liquid compounds soluble in water to an unrestricted extent by adding an agent consisting of olein and a combination of soap and cyclohexanol wherebytlie amount of olein does not exceed 20 per cent and the amount of cyclohexanol does not exceed 8 per cent of the weight of the organic liquid compound. I

2. Method to render water insoluble organic liquid compounds soluble in water to an unrestricted extent by adding an agent consisting of olein and a combination of a soap substituent and cyclohexanol whereby the amount of olein does not exceed 20 per cent and the amount of cyclohexanol does not exceed 8 per cent of the weight of the organic liquid compound.

3. Method to render water insoluble organic liquid compounds soluble in water to an unrestricted extent by adding an agent consisting of olein and a combination of soap and a homologue of cyclohexanol whereby the amount of oleindoes not exceed 20 per cent and the amount of the homologue of cyclohexanol does not exceed 8 per cent of the weight of the organic liquid compound.

4. Method to render, water insoluble organic liquid compounds soluble in water to an unrestricted extent by adding an agent consisting of olein and a combination of a soap substituent and a homologue of cyclohexanol whereby the amount of olein does not exceed 20 per cent and the amount of the homologue of cyclohexanol does not exceed 8 per cent of the weight of the organic liquid compound.

' 5.Method to render water insoluble organic liquid compounds soluble in water to an unrestricted extent by adding an agent consisting of olein anda combination of soap, a soap substituent and cyclohexanol, whereby the amount of olein does not exceed 20 per cent and the amount of cyclohexanol does not exceed 8 per cent of the weight ofthe organic liquid compound.

6. Method to render water insoluble organic liquid compounds soluble in water to an unre stricted extent by adding an agent consisting of olein and a combination of soap, a soap substituent and a homologue of cyclohexanol, whereby the amount of olein does not exceed 20 per cent and the amount of the homologue of cyclohexanol does not exceed 8 per cent of the weight of the organic liquid compound.

7. Method to render water insoluble organic liquid compounds soluble in water to an unrestricted extent by adding an agent consisting of olein and a combination of soap, cyclohexonal and a homologue of cyclohexanol whereby the amount of olein does not exceed 20 per cent and the amount of the cyclohexanols together does not exceed 8 per cent of the weight of the organic liquid compound.

I 8. Method to'render water'insoluble organic liquid compounds soluble in water to an unrestricted extent by addingan agent consisting of olein and a combination of a soap substituent,

cyclohexanol and a homologue of cyclohexanol whereby the amount of olein does not exceed 20 per cent and the amount of the cyclohexanols together does not exceed 8 per cent of the weight of the organic liquid compound.

9. Method to render water insoluble organic liquid compounds soluble in water to an unrestricted extent by adding an agent consisting of olein and a combination of soap, soap substitu-