US1926295A - Ventilation - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 12, 1933. P s 1 1,926,295

VENT ILATI ON Filed June 24, 1930 5 Sheets-Sheet l W1 INESSES I N VEN TOR 7%DAJZ Z Z Jerr S 27mm,

7 I TTORNEYSv Sept. 12, 1933- P s fi-m 1,926,295

VENTILATION Filed June 24, 1930 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 JE & 5956 55 1 N VEN TOR:

gym 59 Berry ,52 12mm,

BY I i 1 I TORNEU P. s. MARTIN VENTILATION Sept. 12, 1933..

Filed June 24, 1930 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR: Ben i J ,Dmfizzz,

TTORNEYS.

Sept. 12, 1933. P. s. MARTIN 1,926,295

" VENTILATION Filed June 24, 1930 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 FIG LE; 7 Ffi 1:

FIG 21 1% 500: 171

v 2 1Z5 9 4%: i 5; $352: a T I I 2565 l I, I 1 W [I I j INVENTOR: 25 ml F g? 108 106' TORNEYS.

P. S. MARTIN Sept. 12, 1933.

VENTILATION Filed June 24, 1930 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR: Berry ,5. Marina, %T0RNEYS.

Patented Sept. 12, 1933 UNITED STATES VENTILATION Perry S. Martin, Harrisonburg, Va. Application June 24, 1930. Serial No. 463,401

' 8Claims. (Cl. 98 -3 2) This invention relates to ventilation, and is concerned with methods of ventilation as well as with apparatus for the purpose.

Considered from the broadest standpoint, my

invention is directed toward automatically maintaining, in individual chambers of a building, a continuous effective movement or circulation of air to bring about thorough diffusion withatten'dant proportionate replacement by fresh outside air, so that the humidity, air purity and temperature is keptsubstantially uniform atall levels in all portions of the chambers regardless of fluctuations in external wind pressure or temperature.

The foregoing desideratum I aim to attain without the aidofmechanical means to induce forcedcirctdation, by admitting fresh outside air through one of the walls of thechamber which is to be ventilated, preferably the front wall or that wall containing the greatest number of windows,

- at several points near the ceiling of the chamber;

downwardly of the front walL'then rearwardly in the lower portion of the chamber, then upward of theirear wall, and finally forward in the upper part of the chamber.

Further objects of my invention are toprovide in connection with ventilating apparatus, designed for the attainment of the above indicated ends; simple and reliable means whereby the rate of air displacement in'the chamber, as well as the temperature, may be very accurately controlled and regulated. 3

Still further objects and attendant advantages of this invention will be manifest from the detailed description following considered in conjunction with the attached drawings, whereof Fig. I showsa sectional View of a single chambered building equipped with novel apparatus suitable to the practice of my improved method of ventila tion.'

, Fig. II is an axial sectional view of the lower end of avertical exhaust conduit constituting a part of the equipment, drawn to a larger scale than in Fig. Land showing the main or lower air influx port with the valve means for governing it. Fig. III is a cross sectional viewof the exhaust conduit. taken as indicated bythe arrows III-III in Fig.= II. V i

and, Fig. XV is a detail illustration viewed as indi- Fig. IV is a detail view taken as indicated by the arrows IV..IV in Fig.'III.

Fig. V is an elevation of the upperportion of the exhaust conduit, with a portion thereof broken out to expose important details, and'showing the supplemental relief port as well as a ther- Fig. IX is a side elevation of..an alternative embodiment-of my invention with certain portions broken vout and others in section. Fig. X is an elevation of the modified embodimerit viewed from theright iof Fig.,IX.-'

Fig.'XI is a plan view.

Fig. XII is a fragmentary detail view taken as indicated bythe' arrows XII-..-+XII in Fig. .Xand drawn to a larger scale.

Fig. XIII is a view corresponding to. Fig. II'

showing an alternative .formof valve means for governing the lower or main airinflux portof the exhaust conduit. 1 Fig. XIV is a staggered plan section taken as indicated by the arrows XIV-XIV in Fig. XIII;

cated by the arrows XV-XV in Fig.-XIII.

Thepictorialrepresentation in Fig. I is that of a poultry brooder orlaying house which hasbeen arbitrarily chosen for convenience in' illustrating one practical embodiment of my invention." As shown, the front wall 15 of the'single chamber of the buildingisprovlded adjacent theceiling 16, to opposite sides of the windows 17, 18, with fresh air intakes 19, 20; while a heating means 21 hav -ing in the present instance the form of ii/pipe radiator, is placed at or near the rear wall 22 of said chamber. At a suitable point centrally of the width of the chamber a cylindric air exhaust conduit 25 extends vertically from a level above the floor, for a purpose later on again referred to, up through the rearwardly sloping roof of the build.-

ingat the highest end to theexterior where it is fitted with a ventilator head 26, which may be of any approved design and construction. This conduit 25 is closed at the bottom, but at'a slightly higher level, it-has a lateral circumferentially-extending main induction port 27 with a governing chamber for the purpose of temperature control,

also as hereinafter fully set forth. Normally, the upper or supplemental port 28 is closed so that the exhaust of the air from the chamber takes place chiefly through the lower or main port 27 which is normally open.

As detailed in Figs. II, III and IV, the valve means governing flow into the lower circumferentially extending influx port 27 of the exhaust conduit 25 has the form of .a valve sleeve 30 which is somewhat smaller in diameter than said conduit so as to be freely movable up and down therein. Buffers 31 of rubber or the like on the ends of diametral rods 32, 33 extending at right angles crosswise of the top of the valve sleeve 30, limit vertical movement of the latter by contact with .the upper and lower edges of the port 27. The means for actuating the valve sleeve 30 includes a' counterbalanced compositely formed lever 34 with separately attached extremities 35, 36 projecting to opposite sides of across piece 37. The ends of this cross piece-37 arefashioned to knife edge configuration as at 38, Figs. II and IV, and rest in V-notches 39 of a fulcrumbracket 40 secured by screws 41 to the outside of the exhaust conduit 25,

, the. lever 34being thereby pivotally supported with freedom from frictional restraint. The longer extremity 35 ofthe lever 34 passes inward through a vertical slot 42 in the tube 25, and has secured to its free end avertically disposed sector head 43. The arcuate face of this sector head 43 is tangential to the axis of the exhaust tube 25 and concentric with the fulcrum axis of the lever 34. A chain 44, with its upper end attached at 45 to the top of the sector head '43, serves to support the valve sleeve 30 in free suspension fromthe extremity 350i the lever34, the lower end of said chain being connected to a juncture piece 46 which is pierced for passage, of both of the diametral rods 32, 33 of the valve sleeve 30, as shown in Fig. II. .Obviously, through confinement of the chain 44 tothecurvature of the sector head 43, a constant efiective length is determined for th extremity'35 of. the lever 34 regardless of the different positions which the latter may take in action. Afrlxed to the inner end of a rod 47 extending'axially through the extremity 35, of the lever 34 is a vane 48. This vane 48 is adaptedto be influenced by the velocity of the upward flow of exhaust air admitted into the conduit 25 by .way of the port 27, thereby to efiect automatic particularly. A weight 53, whereby the extremity 35 of the lever 34 and the parts supported by it are balanced, is suspended bymeans of a flexible metallic strip 54 from a sector head 55 at the outer end-of the shorter extremity36 of said lever.

' floor level.

The effective length of the extremity 36 is thus maintained constant throughout the range of movement of the lever 34 in the same manner as described in connectionwith the extremity 35, said lever being thereby always in perfect balance. The edges of the port 27 in the tube 25 are reinforced by externally applied metallic bands 56, 57 of heavy gage, and said bands are joined at circumferential intervals by vertical straps 58 of like material. A vertically movable guard 59 made from stout wire and surrounding the port 27 serves to protect the valve sleeve 30 against injury. In order to enable, from time to time, re-

moval of dirt and litter collecting inthe conduit 25, below the port 27, the bottom or closure diaphragm 62 is provided with an opening 61 which, as hereinbefore referred to, is located above the This opening 61 is normally closed by a cover disk 63 which is pivoted to swing on a fulcrum rivet 64 and accessible by sliding the guard 59 downward on the tube 25 temporarily out of the way. I

Except for the means by whichit is controlled, the valve mechanism for the upper or supplemental port 28 in the exhaust tube 25 is generally similar to the means governing the port 27 in that it comprises, as shown in Figs. V and VI, a valve sleeve 65 with diametral cross rods 66, 67 which are jointed at the center by a juncture piece 68 and fitted at their outer ends with rubber buife'rs 69. ;These buifers 69, however, act as stops only by contact with the lower edge of the port 28, with assurance of silient operation and of an air tight juncture when the valve sleeve 65 is in its normal or closed position. The lever 71 for actuating the valve sleeve 65, like .the lever 34 aforedescribed, is of composite construction and ful-- crumed; with a knife edge pivot bearing on a bracket 72 secured to the outside of the exhaust conduit 25adjacent a vertical slot 73 through which the longer extremity 74 of said lever passes into said conduit. The lever extremity 74 has attached to it a sector head 75 wherefrom depends the suspensionv chain 76. for the valve sleeve 65. The shorter extremity 77 of the lever 71 is likewise fitted with a sector head which is indicated by the numeral 78, and from which depends a flexible band 79 forsuspension of the counter-balancing weight 80. Reinforcing bands 81, 82 around the upper and lower edges of the port 28 are connected, at circumferential intervals, by vertical straps 83 in the same manner as described in connection with the port 27; while provisions are here also made in theform'of a guard 84v of wire for protection of the valve sleeve 65. The thermostat 29 which automatically controls operation of the valve sleeve 65 is detailed in Figs. VII and VIII and comprises, as shown, a pair of thermally- I sensitive bar elements 85, 86. These elements 85, 86 are fashioned to channel section from suitable sheet material such as zinc plate, and joined together medially of their lengths by a screw bolt 87.

At the region of the juncture the side flanges of the elements 85, 86 are cut away as at 88, 89 to facilitate individual bending for the purposes of lateral expansion and contraction of the couple in the plane of Fig. VII. Also, to' assist contraction, the main webs of the elements 85, 86 are reinforced crosswise of the cutouts88, 89 by flexure plates 90, 91 of comparatively stiff sheet iron. A bar 92, likewise fashioned to channel cross-section but from sheet metal with a low co-efiicient of expansion; preferably iron, has its ends lapping over the ends of the bar element 85 as shown at 93, 94, and secured by screws 95, 96 to brackets companion thermo-element 86 as'at 100, 101. To

the back of the bar 99 is attached a motionmultiplying arm 102 which is pierced to receive a screwl03 connecting the element 86 and the bar 99 at their upper ends, and also at the-bottom where it and the connected ends of said element and bar are engaged on the screw 96 previously mentioned. At its-extremeupper end, the motion multiplying arm 102 (Figs; V and VI) is pierced for passage or" the shank of a link member 105 providing connection with the cross piece 106 of the actuating lever 71 for the valve sleeve 65 governing. the upper port 28 in the conduit 25.- As shown, the shank of the link member 105 is threaded to take an adjusting'thumb nut 107' ahead of which a'co'iled spring 108 is placed to compensate for excess movement of the thermostat 29, when the valve sleeve 65 is in the normal or closed position over the port28. In practice,

the thermostat 29 is liberally proportioned so as to be highly sensitive and'therefore capable of responding to very slightvariations of temperature.

Through allocation of the various component parts of the system as explained in connection with Fig. I, and by continuously exhausting a proportionate amount of air from a level near the floor of the chamber by wayof the lower port 27 of the conduit 25 under draft action/circulation is induced within the chamber by convection in said direction generally indicated by the arrows in the illustration. In other words, air heated by the pipe coil 21 rises at the rear of the chamber, then passes forwardly in the upper part of said chamber to commingle with the fresh displacement air admitted through the intakes 19,- 20at the top of the frontal 'wall'15. The fresh incoming: air, being cold, has a natural tendency togravitate, and; in flowing downward, carries with it the heated air from the upper part of the chamber, this action being promoted in part through chillingof-the heatedairto a' certain extent incident to flow past the windows 1'7, "18. A proportionate amount of the recirculated air socarried downward in the chamber -is drawn,

by draft action, through the lower or main port.

"by the pipe coils 21, with completion of the cycle.

Under this novel method of constant'circulation, it is evident. that substantially uniform conditions of temperature and humidity are main tained at all levels within the chamber to the avoidance of stagnation in any part thereof. By angularly 'adjustingthe vane 48 on the lever 34 (Figs. II and IIDfunctioning of the valve sleeve 30 may be so regulated that any desired rate of air replacement may be predetermined under the draft action of the upward flow in the conduit 25. In the event that the temperature within the chamber risesbeyond the point for which the thermostat 29 is adjusted, the upper port 28 in the conduit25'is gradually'opened automatically to permit escape of a certain amountof heated air'from the highest point in the chamber until the desired degree of temperature is restored. The extreme sensitivity of the valve actuating mechanisms for the ports 27, 28 of the conduit 25 due to accuracy of balance of the constituent parts, obviously insures dependable operation regardless of changes inexternal' wind pressure or climatic conditions.-

In themodified embodiment of my invention illustrated in Figs. IX XII, the vertical conduit 25a is square in cross section and open at the 1 bottom-. The valve means for governing influx into the conduit 25a through its open bottom, has here the form of a damper 30a with a diametral cross bar 105 whereof the ends'106 project through openingsat oppositesidesof said conduit. observed, are of knife edge configuration and rest in V-bearings afforded by triangular open The ends of the bar 105, it will be ings 107 in fulcrum plates 108 which are secured to the conduit 25a by means of screws orrivets 109, see Fig. XII. A weight 110 tends to maintain the damper 30a normallyin the vertical or open position indicated in dotted lines-in Fig. IX against the influence of the upward exhaust flow in the conduit 25a, which, in -acting upon a perpendicular projecting vane 13a onthe dampper end of the conduit 25a for the purposes of temperature control, is likewise in the form of a damper-65a with a diametral cross bar 113 whereof the knife edge ends 114 are supported by fulcrum plates 115 at opposite sides of the conduit 25a. The thermostatshownat 29a is exactly like the thermostat 29 of thefirst described embodiment, and its upwardarm 102a is connected to the damper 65a, with-provision of adjustment, by means of a'link member 105a similar to the link member 105 shown inF'igs. V and VI.

In Figs. XIII-XV which-show an alternative form of valve mechanism capable of substitution for the type of lower or main port valve'mec'hanism illustrated-in Figs. II and III, the valve sleeve 30b is attached-to a flexible strip 44b that contacts tangentially with the sectorarm 116 of a walking beam 43b whereto its'upper end is secured at 451). To'the opposite sector arm 117 of the walking'beam 43b is secured a flexible strip 5gb with attached weights 53b for balancing the valve sleeve 30b and an associated vane 4817. This vane 48b corresponds to the vane 48 of the previously described embodiment, and is adapted to be influenced by the velocity of the exhaust air entering through the port 27b and passing upward in the conduit 25b. The vane 48b in the present instance, consists of two counterpart substantially sem-circular half components 118 which are separated by a diametral interval and connected at opposite ends by bridging U-bolts 119 as shown. The downturned inner and outer flanges 120 and 121 of the vane components 118 are pierced for passage of a transverse pivot bolt ll 8 -supported by a link member 122-which is interposed between the'end of the strap 44b and to that set forth in connection with the adjustment of the vane 48 in the first described embodiment. The walking beam 4%, it will be noted, has a transverse. fulcrum bar 37b whereof the knife edge ends rest in V-notch openings 3% of lugs 40b projecting upwardly from the spacedside members 123 of a composite supporting bar124 that extends diametrically of the conduit 25!), the ends of said side members being bent at right angles and secured to the wall of the conduit 25?) by means of screw bolts 128. The walking beam 43b is held against lateral displacement by keeper pieces 129 that engage the ends of the fulcrum bar 372), as shown in Fig. XV.

These keeper pieces 129 are secured to the supporting bar l24'by screws 130 which also serve the lugs 401)., It will at once be apparent from the foregoing that the alternative form of valve mechanism just described operates, inprecisely the same manner as the first described type of Figs. II and III, the advantage gained here being that the valve governing parts are entirely within the conduit 25?) so as to be effectively protected against injury and against disturbance through my novel apparatus as hereinbefore disclosed.

Having thus described my invention, I claim: 1; In ventilating apparatus, an exhaust conduit with a circumferential port near the lower end thereof, said conduit extending vertically,

from the floor and up through the ceiling of the chamber being ventilated, to the exterior; a coaxial valve sleeve for governing. the circumferential port aforesaid; and means subject to the velocity of the exhaustflow in the conduit to automatically actuate thevalve sleeve for the purposes of volume control.

. 2. In ventilating ,app aratus,an exhaust conduit with a circumferentialinflux port proximate trol including a counter-balanced supporting lever with a vane thereon subject to the velocity of upward exhaust flow in the conduit. i

3. In ventilating apparatus, an exhaust conduit with a circumferential'infiux port proximate the lower end thereof, said conduit extending vertically from the floor and up through the ceiling of the chamber being ventilated to the exterior; a co-axial sleeve valve for governing the circumferential influx port atithe lower end of the conduit; and means to automatically actuate the sleeve valve for the purposes of volume control including a counter-balanced pended, and a vane on said lever subject to the velocity of upward exhaust flow in the conduit.

4. In ventilating apparatus, an exhaust cone duit with a circumferential influx port near the lower end thereofQsaid conduit extending vertically from the floor up through the ceiling of the chamber being ventilated to the exterior;

a sleeve valve for governing the influx port at the lower end of the conduit; and means to antomatically actuate the sleeve valve for, the purposes of volume control including a counterbalanced lever wherefrom said sleeve valve is freely suspended, and a vane on said lever subject to the influence of upward exhaust flow in the conduit, said vane being angularly adjustable to regulate the action of the valve.

1 5. In ventilating apparatus, an exhaust'conduit with alateral influx port near the lower end thereof, said conduit, extending vertically from a level adjacently above the floor of the chamber being ventilated, and up through the ceiling to the exterior; a valve for. governing the lateral influx port near the lower end of the conduit; means to automatically actuate the valve for the purposes of volume control including a counterbalanced supporting lever witha vane thereon adapted to respond to'the velocity of exhaust flow admitted through the lateral influx port, and an apertured diaphragm with a pivoted cover disk normally closing the conduit at thebottom but movablefor cleaning out the bottom -of said conduit.

6. In ventilating apparatus, an exhaust conduit extending vertically of the chamber being ventilated and up through the ceiling to the exterior, said conduit having a normally open influx port near the floor of the chamber, and a normally closed relief port near the ceiling of the chamber; valve means actuated by the velocity of upward exhaust flow in the conduit to automatically govern the lower portffor the purposes of volume control; and thermostatically actuated valve means to govern'reliefjthrough the upper port for the purposes of automatic, temperature control. H

,'7.,In ventilating apparatus, a tubular exhaust conduitextending vertically of the chamber being ventilated and up through the ceiling to, the ex terior, said conduit having a normally-open circumferential influx port adjacent the floorlevel of the chamber and a normally closed circumferential relief port adjacent the ceilingofthe chamber; an axial valve sleeve actuated by the velocity of upward exhaust flow in the conduit to automatically govern the lower port for the purposes of volume control; and athermostatically actuated valve sleeve to automatically govern relief through theupper port of the conduit for the purposes of temperature control.

8. In ventilating apparatus, an exhaust conduit extending vertically from the floor and up through the ceiling of a chamber being ventilated to the exterior; said conduit having a normally open circumferential port adjacent the lower end thereof,-an internal co-axial sleeve valve for governingsaid circumferential influx port; and means wholly .within the .conduit and subject to the velocity ofthe exhaust flow in said conduit to automatically actuate the valve sleeve for I the purposes of volume control. lever wherefrom said sleeve valve is freely sus- PERRY s. MARTIN.

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