US1920928A - Draw works - Google Patents

Description

ug@ 1, w32. V. W. zum w29@ DRAW WORK S Filed Aug. 31, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet l Wei?? 'W Z Zen V. W. ZILEN DRAW woRKs Aug. i933.

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Patented Aug. l, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 6 Claims.

My invention relates to well drilling apparatus, and particularly to the draw-works for handling tools, drill, pipes and casings.

It has been customary heretofore to construct the draw-works in a number of independent parts which were mounted at various places on the frame of the derrick. The most essential parts of the draw-works are, the drum shaft on which is mounted the hoisting drum and sprockets with change speed clutches and a line shaft with sprockets for power take-off for driving the hoisting drum and a rotary drilling machine. An old conventional way of mounting the draw-works is as follows: Two or three posts are set up in line at one side of the derrick with their lower ends secured to the derrick sill and with their upper ends fastened to head boards extending across the derrick and secured to the derrick legs; bearing boxes for the line shaft are mounted at the upper ends of the posts while bearing boxes for the drum shaft are mounted on the posts below the line shaft boxes; brake bands are mounted on the anges of the hoisting drum with one end of the bands anchored indirectly to the floor and with the other end made fast to a lever fulcrumed on the floor; a number of small loose parts comprising the operating mechanism for the brakes and clutches are fastened at different points on the derrick iloor to suit the notion of the driller. 30 The draw. works is driven by an engine set on the ground outside the derrick; the drive chain from the engine is passed up and over the sprocket on the line shaft at an incline depending on the height of the line shaft above the engine. When power is applied by the engine the chain pull at the top of the posts tends to overturn the posts about their fastening to the floor, and to resist this overturning force strong bracing and guy wiring of the posts is required. When the brake is applied, the brake band pull is transferred to the derrick oor, and strong reinforcement of the floor sills is necessary to resist the action of the brake loading. On account of the number of loose parts the draw works consists of and be- 45 cause of different derricks in different elds, the `interrhangeability of parts for renewals or repairs i's diiicult if not impossible, as at least some of the parts have to be altered in the field to fit. It requires the skill of a millwright to set up such a draw-works. and, after all, on account of its makeup the whole is a temporary contrivance.

I In order to overcome the above indicated disadvantages of the old type of draw-works, the present invention provides a draw-works in which 55 all parts of the machine are mounted on a one and 23.

(Cl. Z-19) piece, or integral, base which is adapted to be easily set up on the floor of a derrick. The various parts of the machine are assembled on this base at the point of manufacture, so that the complete draW-works can be transported, handled and set up as an independent unit. Another feature of the invention is the provision in a unitary draw-works of a line shaft so positioned with respect to the engine and hoisting drum as to effect an approximately horizontal chain drive for hoisting and drilling. Another feature is the provision of an independent drive for the rotary when drilling and for the drum when hoisting by means of power take-oli from the line shaft. Still another feature is the provision in a unitary draw-works of casings for all of the sprockets and chains built into the base of the machine.

Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent hereinafter.

Referring now to the. accompanying drawings for a detailed description of a machine embodying my invention.

Figure l is a plan view;

Figure 2 is a side elevation; and

Figure 3 is a front elevation.

Figure 4 is a section on line 4 4 of Figure 3. 'I'he entire mechanism is mounted on a base 10 which is adapted to be secured to the floor of a derrick by means of bolts 11. The base comprises, in addition to a horizontal floor plate, vertical parallel side plates 12. The base is a one-piece or integral structure, and may be a steel casting or may be formed of structural shapes welded together. The vertical side plates 12 have the form of a truncated right angled triangle with their perpendicular edges facing the engine by which the draw-works are operated. The bearing boxes for the line shaft 13 are secured to the vertical edges of plates 12, while the bearing boxes for the drum shaft 14 are secured to the hypothenuse edges of said plates. The shaft 15 for the cat heads is mounted in pedestals 15 secured to the tops of plates 12.

Line shaft 13 carries near its mid-point a 100 sprocket wheel 16 which is driven by a sprocket chain 1'7 passing over a sprocket 18 secured to the engine shaft, as diagrammatically indicated in Figure 2. Loosely mounted on shaft 13 adjacent one end thereof are sprocket wheels 19 and 20, and loosely mounted on said shaft adjacent the other end are sprocket wheels 21, 22 Sprocket wheel 20 is connected by a chain with a similar sprocket wheel 24 xedv 0n shaft 15 which carries the cat heads 25. Sprocket wheel 19 is connected by a chain to a large sprocket 26 loose on the drum shaft 14, these connections being adapted to effect a low speed of drum 27. Sprockets 21 and 22 are connected respectively to sprockets 21' and 28 on the drum shaft and are adapted respectively to effect a high and an intermediate speed of the drum. Sprocket wheel 23 is connected to a smaller sprocket 30 on a short horizontal shaft supported on the base below drum shaft 14, and rotating with sprocket 30 is a sprocket 31 which is connected by a chain 32 to a sprocket 33 on a shaft geared to the rotary 34, as indicated dagrammatically in Figure l.

Sliding clutchl members 35 and 36 on the line shaft 13 are adapted to positively clutch sprocket wheels 19, 21 and 22 to said shaft. These clutch members are operated by a hand lever 37 fulcrumed on base 10 at one side thereof and connected to a bell crank 38 which, in turn, is connected through well known mechanism (not shown) to the sliding clutch members 35 and 36.

The power take-off for the rotary is controlled by a sliding clutch member 39 adapted to clutch sprocket wheel 23 to shaft 13. This clutch member 39 is operated by a hand lever 40, a bell crank 41, and other suitable connections (not shown). When the rotary drive is thrown in, the drum drive is thrown out and vice versa.

For selecting the different speeds of rotation of the drum, there are provided pedal levers 42, 43, and 44. Lever 42 is connected through a bell crank 45 to a clutch 46 adapted to clutch sprocket 21' to the drum shaft, and hence the operation of this lever, after the drum drive has been thrown in, will effect a high speed of the drum. Lever 43 is connected through a bell crank 47 to a clutch member 48 which is adapted to clutch sprocket wheel 28 to the drum shaft to effect an intermediate speed of the drum. Lever 44 is connected through a bell crank 49 to a clutch member 50 which is adapted to clutch sprocket wheel 26 to the drum shaft, and hence the operation of this lever will effect a low speed of the drum.

The drum brake illustrated is of the band type,

'comprising a band 51 passing over each of the two drum flanges. The upper ends of these bands are suspended from brackets 52 which have foot portions bolted to the base 10 and which rise between shafts 13 and 15 and have their upper ends hooked over shaft 15 and connected to the brake bands by spring bolts 53. The lower ends of the brake bands are secured to the crank portions of a horizontal shaft 54 pivoted in bearings 55 rising from the base 10, one end of said shaft being attached to, or integrally formed with, a lever arm 56. The brake bands each have flaps 57 connected by adjustable rods 58 to the ends of an equalizing lever 59 pivoted at its center to a lug on the base 10. When lever 56 is operated to apply the brakes, the friction between the brake bands and the drum tends to pull the bands in the direction of rotation of the drum, or counter-clockwise on the drawings. These frictional forces are equalized on the two drum flanges by the equalizing lever 59 and are thereby transmitted to the base.

For insuring safety to the operators, all of the sprocket wheels and chains are incased, or covered, as clearly shown in the drawings. The individual covers are made in two parts, one part built in with the base 10 and the other part removable to expose the wheels and chains when it becomes necessary to inspect or repair them,

each movable part of the cover being provided with an eyelet 60 for its manipulation.

The following advantageous features of the above described construction should be particularly noted. The line shaft 13 is located below the central horizontal plane of the drum, which location makes it feasible to have a horizontal chain drive from the engine to the line shaft and also a substantially horizontal chain drive from the latter to the hoisting drum and rotary. The advantage of a horizontal chain drive resides ln the preservation of proper contact of the chains with the sprockets, and furthermore a drive of this character will require less care and adjustment. The low positioning of the line shaft also adds stability to the draw works, in that it eliminates the overturning tendency of the draw-works by the engine chain pull, which is about in line with the level of the floor, and consequently no extra bracing is necessary, as is the case in the old type of draw-works in which the line shaft is above the drum. The power take-off for driving the catheads is by means of chain and sprocket on the line shaft. For convenience of the operators the location of the catheads is lower than is possible in .the old type of draw-works. The brake is of the band type and differs from that used on the old type of draw-works in that there is no part of the brake or its operating mechanism anchored to the derrick floor; the action and reaction forces due to brake loading are resisted by the base of the machine. The chain casings are built in permanently into the base.

The invention obviously provides a machine which is adapted to be fitted and assembled at the place of manufacture, insuring that all parts will function as required; a machine that can be set up on a derrick as a unit, requiring no additional parts for its satisfactory performance; a machine which can be set up in a derrick by ordinary labor; and, finally, a machine which will require a minimum expenditure for its installation, maintenance and changing from one location of the fields to another.

Having fully described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. Draw-works for installation on the derrick floor as a complete and independent unit comprising a one piece metal base, uprights integral with said base, horizontal line and drum shafts mounted on said uprights with the axis of the line shaft substantially below the horizontal plane passing through the axis of the drum shaft, sprockets on said shafts and chain connections between the line shaft and the drum shaft sprockets for driving the latter at different speeds, and levers mounted on said base for controlling said connections.

2. Draw-works comprising a metal base having a pair of spaced uprights integral therewith, horizontal line and drum shafts mounted on said uprights with the axis of the line shaft substantially below the horizontal plane passing through the axis of the drum shaft, sprockets on said shafts and chain connections between the line shaft and the drum shaft sprockets for driving the latter at different speeds, a sprocket mounted on one upright below the drum shaft and driven from the line shaft, and a companion sprocket rotating therewith adapted to be connected to a rotary drill.

3. A self contained draw-works comprising a base composed of a horizontal plate adapted to be secured to the floor of a derrick and having parallel vertical side plates rising integrally from the floor plate adjacent the ends thereof, a horizontal shaft carrying a hoisting drum mounted in said side plates, a horizontal line shaft mounted in said plates in front of the drum shaft and substantially below the horizontal plane passing through the axis of said drum shaft, a driven sprocket fast on said line shaft, sprockets loose on said line shaft, sprockets loose on said drum shaft respectively connected to the sprockets loose on said line shaft, adapted to effect different speeds of said drum, clutches for the sprockets on said line shaft, a lever fulcrumed on the base for operating said clutches, clutches for the sprockets loose on said drum shaft, levers fulcrumed on the base respectively connected to said last mentioned clutches, a pair of sprockets rotating together mounted on said base below said drum shaft, a sprocket loose on said line shaft connected to one of said pair, the other of said pair being connected to a rotary, a clutch for the last mentioned sprocket, and a'separate lever fulcrumed on the base for operating said last mentioned clutch.

4. A unitary draw-works comprising, a metal base adapted to be secured to the floor of a derrick composed of a horizontal plate having integral parallel vertical side plates in the form of a truncated right angle'triangle rising from the floor plate near the ends thereof, horizontally alined bearings secured to the vertical edges of said plates, a line shaft journaled in said bearings, horizontally alined bearings secured to the hypotenuse edges of said plates, a shaft carrying a hoisting drum mounted in said last named bearings, the axis of the line shaft being located substantially below the horizontal plane passing through the axis of the drum shaft, a cathead shaft mounted in bearings secured to the tops of said plates, a rotary driving means mounted on said base below said drum shaft, and power takeoifs from the line shaft to the drum shaft. the cat head shaft, and the rotary driving means.

5. A unitary draw-works comprising a metal base, a line shaft, a drum shaft, a cat head shaft, and a rotary driving means mounted on the base with their axes horizontal and parallel, the line shaft and the rotary driving means being located below the horizontal plane passing through the axis of the drum shaft and the cat head shaft being located above said plane, power take-os from the line shaft to the drum shaft, the cat head shaft and the rotary driving means, and clutches for controlling said power take-offs, the clutch for controlling the power take-o to the rotary being operable independently of the other clutches.

6. In a rotary drawworks, a unitary supporting frame comprising .a basevand uprights inte'- gral therewith, a line shaft mounted in the uprights at the base thereof and adapted to be driven by a prime mover, a cathead shaft mounted in said uprights higher than and parallel to the line shaft, a drum shaft mounted in said uprights below and parallel to the cathead shaft, operative connections between the line shaft and cathead shaft, the cathead being at the top of the uprights and the line shaft being on the side of the uprights opposite the drum shaft, an auxiliary shaft mounted below the drum shaft and having means mounted on said auxiliary for establishing a driving connection between the line shaft and a rotary table.

VICTOR W. ZILEN.

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