US1999631A - Detergent composition - Google Patents

Description

Patented Apr. 30, 1935 i p Q I 1,999,63E.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE DETERGENT comosmon Peter Friesenhahn, Berlin-Grunewald, Germany, assignor, by mesne assignments, to "Unichem" Chemikalien Handels A.-G., Zurich, Switzerland, a corporation of Switzerland No Drawing. Application December 14, 1929, Serial No. 414,225

5 Claims. (Cl. 87-5) It is a known fact that we may add the alka- However, if we add to it a mixture consisting line salts of phosphoric 'acid, and above all the f 2 parts of -s phosphate d 1 P tri-sodium phosphate, to soaps. and wash-powders oi the same sulfonic salt, we will find that the partly as diluents and filling materials, partly lather scale reading has risen to over '300. Con- 5 with the intention of increasing the cleaning efcurrently with this increase in the lather scale 5 feet. It is further a known fact that for the V u We also findacorrespondihg increase in the same purpose soaps may also be used in comwetting-out, emulsifying and adsorption power of bination with a whole line of organic sulphonic the solution, and with it its real washing efiect acids. We have known for instance for quite a which is far superior to that of a normal wash number of years of soap and wash-powders which water. 10

contain sodium tetra-hydronaphthalene sulfo- It Would only be n an emergency that We nate. Furthermore, we have known soaps of a Would add the two ng ed namely the alkali solid, semi-solid or liquid form to which have phosphate salts and the sulionates of organic been added sulfonated castor oil, etc. Compounds in a simple mixture to a soap body.

The alkaline phosphate salts, to be sure, possess We p ef r r er to at the mixture to an a strong solvent power for fats and oil and ae vated temperature for some time witha resultant cordingly also for grease. However, if added to melting together, Since tests made have a soap body, they are neither able to incr a e onstrated the fact that the chemical actions playthe lather and emulsive power of the soap nor me such an important r e in bringing about the do they increase the wetting-outor adsorption effect, tend to manifest themselves in a consider- 20 Power of the washing water to a worthwhile ably more pronounced degree. degree. These tests however have also demonstrated The Organic sulfonic acids and their salts and the fact that it is of practical value to heat the above all the sulfo salts of the hydrogenated two ingredients, namely t e phosphate and the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and the sulfo s at nly in th pr s n f a higher m l 25 derivatives of castor oil are no doubt emulsifying ular alcohol, as for instance terpineol. As the agents. They are also better suited as far as result of such P c d t et -Out a d the aliphatic character'of the fatty acids is conemulsifying power of the combination is further cerned, which are used for the production of increased to a considerable degree. If we mix soaps, than the alkaline phosphate salts. If add for instance pertsof an 80% Turkey-r Oil 30 ed within moderate limits to a soap, they are with 15 parts of terpineol and add to this mixalso likely to exert a favorable influence upon ture another 50 parts of tri-sodium phosphate, the lathering property of the soap; they even we will get, after having heated up the entire have the property of increasing this latherin mass for a short time, a semi-solid salty product 35 power to a considerable extent. which when cooled ofi yields a product completely 35 It has now been found that it comes as a sursoluble in water and having the property of givprise, that one could obtain an extraordinarily ing to all soaps compounded therewith a strong high washing eiiect by combining, not as has Wetting-out power which is of great importance hitherto been done only with the alkaline phos-- in some cases, for instance when raw cotton that 40 phate salts'or the sulfonates of organic bodies, offers difiiculties with respect to wetting is to be 40 but, both of them into a combination with any cleaned.

soap. This unexpected effect is clearly appar- If we add to the heated mixture of the phosent if we add to a washing agent, or soap powder phate and the sulfonate, that is of the phosphate, containing a quantity of soda ash, a mixture, let sulfonate and alcohol, certain quantities of a cal us say of about 10% of the agent or powder concined salt as for instance soda ash or calcined 45 sisting of about 2 parts of tri-sodium phosphate sodium sulfate, we will find that the entire mass and 1 part of sodium tetra-hydronaphthalene when cooled off solidifies into a solid grindable sulfonate. Let us suppose that the lather scale mass, and those grindable products derived in reading of an aqueous washing powder solution this manner may then easily be compounded with of 1 amounts to 250. If prior to its being all kinds of soap materials. 50 dissolved, we add to the washing powder 10% We may for instance mix one powder or anof tri-sodium phosphate, we will find that the other for the production of kitchen soaps, with lather scale reading of the solution falls down the soap nucleus that has been freed from extO 23 If W ad however, of sodium tetracess of potash. They also may be combined in the M hydronaphthalene sulfonate, it will rise to 280. same manner with a soap pasta-whereas for the production of high grade soaps we would incorporate in the above combination coloring matter and scented substances by use of a mixing machine, or when the production of soap flakes is intended, by the use of a flake-making machine.

For the production of cold stirred soaps,-it is best to mix the powders with the oil before adding to it the caustic soda lye. We may obtain extraordinary advantages when we use one of the two powders as described above in the production of soft potash soaps, regardless as to whether the latter are to be produced as an oil soap or as a more or less white soap. If we add 540% of one of the two powders for instance to a basic potash soap made and boiled in equal parts of tallow and cocoanut oil, we will. find that the entire mass when cooled off, solidifies into a cut-proof green soap which may readily be utilized and easily shipped in individual packages, and which with regard to its lathering property and washing power as compared with the hitherto known potash soaps is of a decidedly superior quality. Especially when employed as fulling soaps and washing agents for textiles of sensitive colors, we may consider these neutral strongly lathering potash green soaps as highly important. It is understood that we may also use this compound with great success in the production of solid potash soaps in the form of cakes or chips.

In contrast with the diluents and loading agents hitherto used in soap industry and which may be considered nothing but superfluous inactive substances, a combination of alkaline phosphate salts and higher molecular aliphatic or aromatic sulfonic acids with or without the addition of a higher molecular alcohol added to soaps produce high grade cleansing agents and wash powders which may not only be used to great advantage in the household and textile industry but which also serve as highly effective cleaning agents wherever fats, oils and greases are to be removedpas for instance in the iron industry, in mines, ore-fields, automobile factories, re-

pair shops, garages, gas works, etc.

I claim:-- 1

1. A detergent comprising a soap, together with a mixture of two parts of trisodium phosphate and one part of tetra-hydronaphthalenesulphonate of sodium.

2.A detergent, asdefined in the preceding claim, in which the mixture of tri-sodium phosphate and tetra-hydronaphthalenesulphonate of sodium constitutes approximately of the whole.

3. A detergent comprising .a soap and a mixture of thirty-five parts of Turkey-red oil. fifteen parts terpineol and fifty parts of tri-sodium phosphate melted together.

4. A detergent comprising a soap and a mixture of Turkey-red oil and terpineol together with a substantial proportion of tri-sodium phosphate.

5. A detergent comprising a soap and a mixture of Turkey-red oil and terpineol combined in a proportion approximating 2 to l-together with a substantial proportion of tri-sodium phos- I,

phate.

PETER FRIESENHAHN.