US1997759A - Coking retort oven - Google Patents

Description

April 16, 1935.

J. VAN ACKEREN COKING RETORT OVEN Filed June 8, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 IN VENTOR. Jase oh 1/0/7 fiche/e0,

T \QQRUMW A ril 16, 1935. .1. VAN AckEREN 1,997,759

COKING RETOR'I' OVEN Filed June 8, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 f/ElfFPLLV wf lrll l/lfblr l .lll.

Patented Apr. 16, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE COKING RETORT OVEN Joseph van Ackeren, OHara Township, Allegheny County, Pa., assignor to The Koppers Company of Delaware, a corporation of Delaware Application June 8, 1931, Serial No. 542,727

2 Claims.

My invention relatesto coking retort ovens and particularly to ovens of the Becker cross-over type in which the flame flues of adjacent heating Walls are connected in pairs for operation in series.

In the operation of coking retort ovens with relatively high oven chambers, it is desirable that the flames of combustion in the heating walls be elongated in order that the heat of combustion may .be distributed uniformly throughout the height of the oven chamber. Various methods have been proposed for securing this result, including the recirculation of waste gases for mixing with the fuel gas.

It has been proposed, in certain cases, to withdraw gases of combustion or waste gases from certain of the vertical flame flues and to return these waste gases through an intermediate flue to the bottoms of adjacent flues for recirculation. This method is effective in prolonging the flame of combustion but it possesses the disadvantage that it is applicable only to flame flues of the hairpin type. The regenerator arrangement for such flues is undesirable because of counterflow therebetween.

The methods that have been'proposed heretofore "have also possessed the disadvantage that the waste gases employed as a diluent have been introduced into the flame flue separately and at a point beyond the entrance of the combustible media and the diluent gas is, therefore, not thoroughly mixedwith the combustible media before a flame of relatively high temperature has been produced. Accordingly, there is what may be termed a"hot spot adjacent the bottoms of the flame flues regardless of the fact that the flames have been elongated by the diluent gas in the remainder of the flame flue.

.In accordance with the present invention, I provide a construction and method of operation whereby waste gases are recirculated and mixed with the combustible media comprising fuel gas and air before the latter is admitted to the flame flues. By means of this arrangement, the hot spots that have been referred to above are eliminated since all of the gas in the flame flue has been uniformly diluted. 7

These results have been secured by means of a vertical duct in each of the partition walls between the flame flues, the vertical ducts being connected to the tops of adjacent flame flues and to conduits below the bottoms of the flame flues. These conduits are provided with a restricted orifice whereby, they have an injector or Venturi effect.

The flow of combustible media through the orifice causes waste gas to be withdrawn through the vertical duct and to be thoroughly mixed with the combustible media as all 'of these gases pass through the orifice andinto the corresponding flame flue. r

The details of my invention will be described in connection'withthe accompanying drawings, in

which Figure 1 is a view, in transverse vertical section, of a coke-oven battery embodying my invention, taken partially on line A.--A and partially on line 3-3 of Fig. 2;

' Fig. 2 is a fragmentary View, in longitudinal vertical section, on line IIII of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary View of a portion of the heating wall of Fig. 1; and

Fig. 4 is an enlarged View, in horizontal section, taken on line IVIV1of Fig. 2.

Referring to the drawings, a coke-oven battery I comprises a series of. horizontal coke-oven chambers 2 and heating walls 3 therefor that alternate therewith. The battery is provided with a roof or top 4, through which extend charging openings 5 for the several oven chambers. Each oven chamber is also provided with a gas offtake opening 6 that is connected by means of an ascension pipe I to a collecting main 8.

The side walls In of the battery are retained in position by means of the usual vertical buckstays l l. Intermediate horizontal brickwork l2 extends beneath the ovenchambers 2 and the heating walls 3 and separates them from a series of crosswise regenerators l3 that extend throughout the width of the battery.

Producer gas may be supplied to the battery from a gas main [4 that is connected through reversing boxes [5 to the sole flues l6 of the regenerators. The reversing boxes l5 are also connected by means of vertical ducts I1 to waste gas mains I8 that are in turn connected to the usual stack (not shown).

Each of the heating walls 3 is provided with a series of vertical flame flues 20 that are connected at their tops through ducts 2| to a horizontal flue 22. The horizontal flues 22 of adjoining pairs of heating walls are connected by means of crossover flues 23 whereby the flame'flues of such pairs of adjacent walls are connected in series for alternate operation in opposite directions of flow of gases therethrough.

Each of the vertical flame flues 20 is connected to two regenerators I3 by means of inclined ducts 24 and 25 and a conduit 26 by which means air and producer gas are supplied to the flame flues or waste gases are withdrawn therefrom according to the direction of flow of gases through the heating walls.

Each conduit 26 which opens into the bottom of the corresponding flame flue 20 is provided with a restricted orifice or throat 21 whereby the passage of air and producer gas therethrough produces a Venturi or injector effect. Between adjacent flame flues 20 are partition walls 28 of the usual bottle bricks.

In the central portion of each of the partition walls 28 is a vertical duct 29 that is connected at its upper end to the tops of the adjoining flame flues 20 through openings 30. The outer edges of the partition walls 28 are not enlarged by reason of the ducts 29 and the normal effective width of the heating area of each flame flue is not diminished.

The ducts 29 are connected at their lower ends to the conduits 26 below the restricted orifice 21. This arrangement insures that waste gases withdrawn from the tops of the flame flues will mix with the air and gas from the inclined ducts 24 and 25 and will be injected through the conduits 26 and into the bottoms of the flame flues 20.

In the preferred arrangement, each vertical duct 29 except those at the ends of the heating wall is connected to the tops of both adjoining flame flues and also to both adjacent conduits 26. This arrangement insures equalization of the recirculating system for waste gases.

The battery is also adapted for operation with coke-oven gas as fuel. A coke-oven gas main 32 supplies each heating wall 3 through a gas gun 33 and a horizontal duct 34 that is connected by means of branch ducts to nozzles 36 in the several flame flues.

In the operation of a coke-oven battery constructed in accordance with my invention, air and producer gas are supplied through certain of the reversing boxes 45, regenerators l3, inclined ducts 24 and 25 and conduits 26 to the flame flues of one heating wall of each pair connected in series by means of the crossover flues 28. The preheated air and producer gas enter the conduits 26 below the restricted oriflce 21 and pass upwardly into the flame flues 20 for combustion therein. The suction created by the movement of the air and producer gas through the conduits 28 causes waste gases to be withdrawn downwardly through the corresponding vertical ducts 28 from the tops of the flame flues 20 connected thereto, as indicated by arrows in Fig. 3.

The waste gases and combustible media are thoroughly mixed by their passage through the threat 2'! and the flames of combustion in the flame flues 20 are, according y. elongated to uniformly distribute the heat of combustion throughout the height of the flame flues.

Waste gases pass upwardly from the flame flues 20 through the ducts 2| into the horizontal flue 22 and through the crossover flues 28 into the horizontal flue 22 of the adjacent wall of each pair for distribution into the flame flues connected thereto. The waste gases then flow downwardly through the conduits 26, inclined ducts 2| and and the regenerators connected thereto, reversing boxes l5 and vertical ducts I'l into the waste gas main I 8.

This operation continues for a desired period, whereupon the reversing boxes are adjusted by the usual reversing mechanism to reverse the flow of gases throughout the battery. The outflow regenerators 13 then become inflow regenerators for air and producer gas while the inflow regenerators now receive waste gases from the heating Walls in which combustion occurred during the previous reversal period. The operation during this period is identical with that of the preceding period except that the direction of flow of gases through the battery is reversed.

The provision of the restricted orifice or throat for the conduits below the bottoms of the flame flues causes an injector effect for positively withdrawing gases through the vertical ducts in the partition walls and for forcing the waste gases thus withdrawn into intimate mixture with the combustible media before the latter enters the flame flues. The flames are thereby elongated and there is no production of hot spots immediately above the entrance of the combustible gases into the flame flues.

When coke-oven gas is employed, the principal diflerence in operation is that all of the inflow regenerators conduct air while rich gas is supplied to the nozzles of the corresponding heating walls. Waste gases are withdrawn through the ducts 28 and are mixed with the air before it enters the flame flues. The flames are thus elongated because of the dilution of the oxygen content of the air.

The provision of the vertical ducts in the partition walls between the flame flues does not diminish the area of contact between the flames of combustion in the flame flues and the walls of the oven chambers and thus does not diminish the area of the surface actually heated by the flame flues. This arrangement avoids the areas of relatively low temperature that may be caused when the waste gases are returned through flues between those in which combustion occurs.

My invention is particularly applicable to coke ovens of .the Becker cross-over type with their extremely desirable arrangement of the regenerators in which any counterflow between adJa cent regenerators may be avoided.

The foregoing and other advantages will be appreciated by those skilled in the art of construction and operation of coke-oven batteries.

I claim as my invention:

1. A coking retort oven structure comprising an oven chamber, two heating walls therefor having vertical combustion flues adjacent each other, horizontal flow-duct-means provided with a confining bottom-structure having ports in substantial alignment with the vertical flues and above the tops of the combustion flues and crossover ducts crossing over said chamber and communi cably connecting the horizontal flow-duct-means in the two heating wallswith each other to connect the combustion flues of the two walls in series for concurrent operation alternately in opposite directions, partition walls between and separating adjacent vertical combustion flues, said partitions and the vertical flues therebetween terminating at their tops at a spaced distance below the bottom of said horizontal flow-ductmeans so as to provide a horizontal gas flow channel communicating in common with the tops of a plurality of the flues and located between the latter and the bottoms of the horizontal flowduct-means, and a vertical duct in each of said partition walls and communicating with each of the adjacent combustion flues through a combustion medium Venturi inlet therefor below the bottoms of the combustion flues and with the horizontal gas flow channel at the top of the flues, whereby to eifect, during operation of the vertical combustion flues for combustion, recirculation in an upward direction through the combustion flues or waste gas to elongate the flame of combustion in the combustion fiues.

2. A coking retort oven structure comprising an oven chamber, two heating walls therefor having vertical combustion flues adjacent each other, horizontal flow-duct-means provided with a confining bottom-structure having ports in substantial alignment with the vertical fines and above the tops of the combustion flues and crossover ducts crossing over said chamber and communicably connecting the horizontal flow-duct-means in the two heating walls with each other to connect the combustion flues of the two walls in series for concurrent operation alternately in opposite directions, partition walls between and separating adjacent vertical combustion flues, said partitions and the vertical flues therebetween terminating at their tops at a spaced distance below the bottom of said horizontal fiow-duct-means so as to provide a horizontal gas flow channel communicating in common with the tops of a plurality of the fiues and located between the latter and the bottoms of the horizontal flow-ductmeans, and a vertical duct in each of said partition walls and communicating with one of the adjacent combustion flues through a combustion medium Venturi inlet therefor below the bottom of the combustion flue and with the horizontal gas flow channel at the top of the flues, whereby to effect, during operation of the vertical combustion fiues for combustion, recirculation in an upward direction through the combustion fines of waste gas to elongate the flame of combustion in the combustion flues.

JOSEPH VAN ACKEREN.

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