US1979931A - Swaging hammer - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 6, 1934. H, BECHE ,979,931

SWAGING HAMMER Filed Oct. 19. 1932 2 Sheets-Sheet l 15 H. BECHE swAGING HAMMER Filed oct.

Nov. 6, 1.934.

19, 1932 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Nov. 6, 1934 UNITED STATES PATENT` OFFICE 9 Claims.

My invention relates to swaging hammers, and

. more particularly to machines of this kind comprising a top and bottom swage adapted for the process of swaging.

Swaging hammers are known comprising two dies or swages. which are operated to move against each other in vertical direction, either die or swage being actuated by means of a piston guided within a cylinder. My invention consists essentially therein that I provide a novel construction of swaging hammer in which only one of the dies or swages is driven, while the other is operatively connected with the former by means of a mechanical coupling. The advantages of my novel construction consist in the iirst place in that the machine may be essentially simplified and constructed at a smaller cost, and in the second place in that the dies or swages may be moved towards each other with the same energy of motion without requiring any complicated control organs which are likely to become damaged by heavy vibrations arising during operation. According to my invention the two dies or swages are preferably coupled with each other by means of cables carried round guide pulleys. Instead of cables and pulleys, however, also tension or pressure rods may be used which are operated by means ofa doublearmed lever mounted on the casing of the machine. It is further preferable to mount the aforementioned coupling devices on the two dies or swages by means of an intermediary resilient buer which serves for reception of the counter forces exerted by the impact of the swages and,

in addition, protects said coupling devices against injury. According to my invention, furthermore, the aforementioned coupling devices, such as cable-and-pulley devices, double-armed levers with tension and pressure rods or the like are constructed to effect different strokes of the swages so as to obtain, first, a longer working stroke of the driving piston and, second, a safe rest for the work-piece on the under swage. In this case it is further of advantage, in order .to have the same kinetic energy in the two swages during motion thereof, to use swages having different masses which are properly chosen in accordance with the laws of kinetic energy to impart the same amount of kinetic energy to the two swages at diierent lengths of stroke and accordingly different velocities. According to my invention I further preferably make provisions to prevent damage to the coupling device by the upper swage upon reversal of motion and in case the under swage should remain suspended, said provisions consisting in properly dimensioning the area of the piston which serves to raise the driven upper swage in such manner that the driving medium alone will not be Capable of raising said upper swage.

Germany March 4, 1932 In the accompanying drawings I have represented some examples of a swaging hammer constructed according to the principles of my invention, Fig. 1 being a front-view of one form of construction of the new machine comprising the aforementioned two swages and a coupling device therebetween, said coupling device consisting of cables and pulleys adapted to alter the ratio of transmission, Fig. 2, a partial front-view showing a -machine according to Fig. 1 in which pulleys for changing the direction of the cable are used instead of the pulleys for altering the ratio of transmission, Fig. 3, a similar partial front-view showing a modified construction of the cable-and-pulley coupling of Fig. 2, Fig. 4, a side-view of a construction including a rodand-lever coupling between the swages, and Fig. 5, a front-view of the construction represented in Fig. 4.

In the drawings, l and 2 represent the two dies or swages which are slidingly mounted within guides of the machine frame 3. v'The swage 1 is connected with the piston 6 mounted within a cylinder 5 by means of a piston rod 4. On both sides of the swage l there are provided pulleys 7 which are rotatably mounted on the machine frame and serve for the reception of the cable-coupling. The pulleys 7 are provided with cable-receiving grooves 8 and 9 of diierent diameter. The cable 10 -iscarried round the groove 8 and resiliently connected at one end With the swage 1 by means of an interposed pad or cushion 11. The pad or cushion consists of several steel plates 12 and rubber members 13 placed into the interstices between said plates. The cable 14 is fixed within the cable-receiving groove 9 of smaller diameter and elastically connected at its free end with the swage 2. In order to impart the same amount of kinetic energy to both swages at the different lengths of stroke and velocities the under swage is made with a greater mass than the upper swage. If the masses of the two swages are designated with m1 and m2 and their velocities by v1 and v2, the kinetic energies of both swages will be equal if the following equation holds true:

As the velocities are proportionate to the strokes, the latter are inversely proportionate to the squares of the velocities. The advantages attained by such an arrangement of the swages consist in that the Work-piece may quietly and firmly rest upon the under'swage with the smaller stroke while the upper swage is given a longer Cil 'stroke at correspondingly greater velocity. A further advantage of this arrangement consists in that the stroke of the piston 6 in the cylinder 5 is likewise increased in accordance with the increased stroke of the upper swage 1. After the impact of the swages has taken place the pressure in the upper cylinder space l5 is released and the under swage 2 now tends to raise the upper swage 1, this raising motion being now assisted by admitting pressure medium to the cylinder ,space 16 beneath the piston. In order to prevent the upper swage 1 from being raised by action of the pressure medium alone and striking the slack cable, in case the lower swage 2 should fail to descend properly, the effective area of the piston in the under cylinder space 16 is such that the piston, even under the highest pressure cannot be raised by said piston alone.

The construction shown in Fig. 2 comprises in distinction to that of Fig. 1, two swages l'l and 18 of approximately equal masses or weights. The pulley 20 which is rotatably mounted on the machine casing 19 is a simple pulley for reversing the direction and is provided with only a single groove.

According to Fig. 3 there are likewise employed swages 21 and 22 of approximately equal masses. while an endless cable coupling is provided intermediate said swages. In this construction two pulleys 23 and 24 for reversing the direction are provided on the frame of the machine.

AIn the construction shown in Fig. 4 the mechanical coupling interposed between two swages 25 and 26 consists of a system of tension and pressure rods 27 and 28 which are pivotally connected to the ends of a double-armed lever 29 fulcrumed to a bracket 30 on the frame 31 of the machine. The tension and pressure rods 2'7 and 28 are resiliently connected with the swages 25 and 26, respectively, by means of a rubber buier 32. The swage 25 is driven by the piston rod 3'4 connected to the piston 33. The piston 33 works within the cylinder 35 and is provided with an eiective piston surface on either side. the under effective piston surface which serves for assisting the raising motion imparted to the swage being properly dimensioned so that even at the highest pressure of the driving medium it will not be capable of raising the swage 25 together with its piston 33 and piston rod 34, in order to prevent the upper swage from striking the rod, in case the under swage remains suspended and the motion of the upper swage is reversed.

I claim:

1. A swaging hammer comprising swages mounted to move against each other in alignment with each other, driving means connected to one of said swages, and a exible solely tensileforce transmitting means interposed between and connecting said swages, whereby some of the force applied to the swage connected with the driving means is transmitted to the other swage, and the material operated upon between the swages is subjected to equal energy from both swages.

2. A swaging hammer as specied by claim 1, wherein the force transmitting means consists of a cable-and-pulley device.

3. A swaging hammer as specified by claim 1,

wherein the force transmitting means consists of a rope-and-pulley device adapted to actuate said -one swage inV unison with said other swage.

4. A swaging hammer as specied by claim l, wherein the force transmitting means consists of a cable-and-pulley device having means for actuating said swages at different strokes.

5. A swaging hammer as specied by claim 1, including resilient buffers interposed one between the force transmitting means and each of said swages.

6. A swaging hammer as speciiled by claiml, having a coupling which consists of a speed changing transmission mechanism for imparting equal or approximately even kinetic energies to said swages, the masses and strokes of said swages being different in dependence upon the ratio of gearing of said speed changing transmission mechanism.

7. A swaging hammer as specified by claim 1, in which the driving means are connected to only the upper of said swages. said driving means being fluid pressure actuated and including a cylinder and a piston therein, said piston having an effective area providing a force tending to raise said upper swage, but said effective area being so dimensioned that said force is insumcient alone to raise said swage even at the highest pressure of the iiuid pressme medium in said cylinder.

8. A swaging hammer comprising upper and lower swages mounted to move against each other in alinement with each other, driving means connected to only the upper one of said swages and a force transmitting means interposed between and connecting said swages and arranged so that the lower swage tends to lift the upper swage thereby, said driving means being fluid pressure actuated and including a cylinder having a piston therein, the effective area of said piston providing a force tending to raise said upper swage, but said effective area being of such magnitude that the force produced thereby is insuilcient alone to raise said swage even at the highest pressure of the iluid pressure medium in said cylinder.

9. A swaging hammer comprising upper and lower swages mounted to move against each other in alinement with each other, driving means connected to only the upper one of said swages and a force transmitting means, comprising al twoarmed lever having a fixed fulcrum point and tension and compression links pivotally attached to the arms of said lever, interposed between and connecting said swages and arranged so that the lower swage tends to lift the upper swage thereby.. said driving means being fluid pressure actuated and including a cylinder having a piston therein, the effective area of said piston providing a force tending to raise said upper swage, but said effective area being of such magnitude that the force produced thereby is insuflicient alone to raise said swage even at the highest pressure of the uid pressure medium in said cylinder.

- HANS BECHE.

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