US1976210A - Method of hardening iron and steel - Google Patents
Method of hardening iron and steel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1976210A US1976210A US645413A US64541332A US1976210A US 1976210 A US1976210 A US 1976210A US 645413 A US645413 A US 645413A US 64541332 A US64541332 A US 64541332A US 1976210 A US1976210 A US 1976210A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- hardening
- hardening iron
- articles
- iron
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4a-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,4b,5,6,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid Chemical class C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004675 formic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HZPNKQREYVVATQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);diformate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O HZPNKQREYVVATQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000414967 Colophon Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 for the most part Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/40—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
- C21D1/58—Oils
Definitions
- the subject of the invention is a process for hardening iron and steel, which difiers from the known similar methods essentially and advantageously in that itsucceeds in imparting to the steel an unusually high degree of hardness in a simple and comparatively short treatment whilst obtaining great core tenacity. Thereby the tedious and expensive case hardening is rendered superfluous in very many cases.
- steel is hardened, bybeing heated after the forming treatment and quenched by being dipped into a cold fluid. Frequently it is previously subjected to a so called carbonization.
- a quenching agent for the most part, water is employed either alone or with additions of salts, acids, alkalis or other substances.
- Applicant has now found that high degrees of hardness can be imparted to the steel in a considerably simplified and more economical manner if it is heated to red heat in a carbon dioxide containing atmosphere and then dipped in a bath which contains resins or resin soaps together with carboncontaining and if desired nitrogen-containing substances, dissolved or suspended in oils or'fats.
- this hardening means can be further increased if metal compounds in the form of resin bonyls and the like are added to it.
- nitrogen and carbon containing compounds urea, formates and the like can be employed. Also numerous other organic compounds can be employed. It is important however that they contain no water of crystallization.
- Example 1 The articles to be hardened are heated in a carbon dioxide-containing atmosphere .to 850-950" and then dipped in a hardening bath and allowed to cool completely. in this.
- This hardening bath advantageously consists of 100 parts by weight of linseed oil in which 12 parts by weight of colophony are dissolved.v
- the s'olution also contains 3 parts by weight of resin acid potassium and 3 parts by weightzrof nickel formate; instead of or in addition to the nickel formate, also 7.5 parts by weight of urea can be added.
- the steel or steel articles treated in this hardening bath are then heated up again to red heat and quenched in water.
- a method of hardening iron and steel comprising heating the articles to be hardened to red heat in an atmosphere containing carbon dioxide, quenching the articles in a bath of linseed oil in which colophony, resin acid potassium and nickel fo'rmate have been dissolved, reheating to
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
- Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
Description
Patented Oct. 9, 1934 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE No Drawing. Application December 2, 1932,
Serial No. 645,413. In Germany December 9, 1931 -2 Claims.
The subject of the invention is a process for hardening iron and steel, which difiers from the known similar methods essentially and advantageously in that itsucceeds in imparting to the steel an unusually high degree of hardness in a simple and comparatively short treatment whilst obtaining great core tenacity. Thereby the tedious and expensive case hardening is rendered superfluous in very many cases.
As is known, steel is hardened, bybeing heated after the forming treatment and quenched by being dipped into a cold fluid. Frequently it is previously subjected to a so called carbonization. As a quenching agent, for the most part, water is employed either alone or with additions of salts, acids, alkalis or other substances. For
quenching alloyed steels, rape seed oils are mainly used.
In order to incorporate more carbon in theimpart to it a greater hardsubstances, often subjected 'to an intermediateheating to red heat, and finally heatedagain and quenched.
Applicant has now found that high degrees of hardness can be imparted to the steel in a considerably simplified and more economical manner if it is heated to red heat in a carbon dioxide containing atmosphere and then dipped in a bath which contains resins or resin soaps together with carboncontaining and if desired nitrogen-containing substances, dissolved or suspended in oils or'fats.
The action of this hardening means can be further increased if metal compounds in the form of resin bonyls and the like are added to it.
Solutions or suspensions of resins, such as colophon together with resin acid salts, such to the so called case hardacid metals, metal formates, car-- as resin.- acid alkali in oils of high flash point such for example as linseed oil have been found to be particularly suitable for use.
As nitrogen and carbon containing compounds, urea, formates and the like can be employed. Also numerous other organic compounds can be employed. It is important however that they contain no water of crystallization.
Example The articles to be hardened are heated in a carbon dioxide-containing atmosphere .to 850-950" and then dipped in a hardening bath and allowed to cool completely. in this. This hardening bath advantageously consists of 100 parts by weight of linseed oil in which 12 parts by weight of colophony are dissolved.v The s'olution also contains 3 parts by weight of resin acid potassium and 3 parts by weightzrof nickel formate; instead of or in addition to the nickel formate, also 7.5 parts by weight of urea can be added. The steel or steel articles treated in this hardening bath are then heated up again to red heat and quenched in water.
It appears that the metal compounds act upon the articles to be hardened by catalytical properties.
I claim. 4
1. A method of hardening iron and steel, ,comprising heating the articles to be hardened to red heat in an atmosphere containing carbon dioxide, quenching the articles in a bath of linseed oil in which colophony, resin acid potassium and nickel fo'rmate have been dissolved, reheating to
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1976210X | 1931-12-09 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1976210A true US1976210A (en) | 1934-10-09 |
Family
ID=7853732
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US645413A Expired - Lifetime US1976210A (en) | 1931-12-09 | 1932-12-02 | Method of hardening iron and steel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1976210A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004099450A1 (en) * | 2003-05-09 | 2004-11-18 | A. & A. Fratelli Parodi S.R.L. | Quenching fluid composition |
-
1932
- 1932-12-02 US US645413A patent/US1976210A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004099450A1 (en) * | 2003-05-09 | 2004-11-18 | A. & A. Fratelli Parodi S.R.L. | Quenching fluid composition |
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