US1971753A - Refining hydrocarbon oil - Google Patents
Refining hydrocarbon oil Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1971753A US1971753A US646489A US64648932A US1971753A US 1971753 A US1971753 A US 1971753A US 646489 A US646489 A US 646489A US 64648932 A US64648932 A US 64648932A US 1971753 A US1971753 A US 1971753A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- furfural
- solvent
- fractions
- constituents
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 title description 9
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title description 8
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title description 8
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title description 3
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 34
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229940042472 mineral oil Drugs 0.000 description 11
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000005864 Sulphur Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- DPBLXKKOBLCELK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCN DPBLXKKOBLCELK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- -1 amyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- JACMPVXHEARCBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentylpentan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCNCCCCC JACMPVXHEARCBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G21/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents
- C10G21/06—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents characterised by the solvent used
- C10G21/12—Organic compounds only
Definitions
- This invention relates to refining hydrocarbon oil, and more particularly to refining mineral oil by solvent extraction.
- the invention contemplates the treatment and 5 refining of mineraloil with mixed solvents containing furfural; by the use of certain solvent mixtures containing furfural themineral oil may be separated by the extraction method to produce oil fractions having desired characteristics and w substantially free from undesired components.
- a solvent liquid suitable for mixing with the furfural comprises a solvent selected from the amyl amines such, for example, as mono-amyl amine or diamyl amine.
- the furfural may be used more effectively when mixed with a solvent liquid of the type mentioned above,
- liquid when used by itself, may have quite dissimilar or divergent selective solvent action upon the oil undergoing treatment.
- the furiural and solvent liquid of disslmila selective action may be mixed in any desired proportion to produce a solvent liquid mixture having .any desired selective action 'upon the particular oil undergoing treatment. In this way,
- One layer will comprise raflin'ate or. that portion of the oil insoluble in the furfural.
- Both layers may ao'contain substantial amounts of the modifying solvent liquid, depending upon the extent to which it is miscible with the oil undergoing treatment.
- the individual layers after separation may be 46 removed and the solvent liquid recovered therefrom, or they may be'subiected to further treatment with additional quantities of solvent liquid.
- aseries of fractions of differing char- 50 acter may be separated from-the original oil.
- Lubricating oil fractions are usu-' ally composed of various groups of hydrocarbons,
- Oils of high viscosity index in other words, having a flat temperature viscosity relationship possess superior lubricating value for some purposes, as, for example, in the lubrication of internal combustion 65 engines.
- Lubricating fractions as obtained from crude petroleum usually also contain objectionable constituents in the form of aromatic and unsaturated compounds as well as sulphur-bearing bodies. The removal of these constituents is desirable in order to produce products of low sulphur content and free from readily oxidizable bodies which tend, during use, to form sludge.
- solvent liquids selected from the amyl amines are effective in extracting these objectionable bodies as well as those constituents having a low viscosity index and thus produce lubricating oil products characterized by having a high degree of stability and a high viscosity index.
- one part of untreated lubricating oil distillate derived from a Mid-continent crude by distillation underdiminished pressure is mixed with about two parts of a solvent liquid mixture 95.
- a solvent liquid mixture 95 composed of about equalparts of furfural and an amyl amine, such as mono-amyl amine or diamyl amine.
- This mixture is subjected to ash. tation and heating in order to produce a homogeneous mixture or to effect complete solution of the oil in the solvent.
- the mixture is then allowed to settle, forming an upper and a lower layer.
- the temperature at which this separation into two layers is effected 0 F. to 200 F. or higher.
- the mixture may be desirable to heat the mixture to a relatively high temperature in i order to obtain complete solution of the oil in the solvent, and then allow the mixture to cool to a desired temperature where, upon settling, separating into two layers results
- the upper layer will comprise the undissolved hydrocarbons or those constituents of the oil characterized by having a relatively high viscosity index, .while the lower layer will be composed of soluble hydrocarbons and constituents of low viscosity index dissolved in the bulk of the solvent liquid mixture.
- the layers are then separately withdrawn and the solvent liquid removed from the oil by vacuum distillation or by other suitable means. If desired, the separated layers may be subjected to treatment with additional quantities of the solvent or additional quantities of the solvent liquid mixture composed of furfural and amine in proportions differing from those used in the initial extracting step. In this way, it is possible to obtain from the lubricating oil distillate a series of fractions of differing viscosity index, and other characteristics as may be desired.
- the lubricating oil distillate may be subjected to the foregoing extraction treatment either before or after dewaxing by any of the well known methods for the separation of wax from waxbearing mineral oil.
- the invention is not restricted to mixing with the furfural an amine solvent having relatively less selective action but may embrace mixing therewith a solvent having either'greater or less selectivity, or possesing a selective action upon certain constituents from which the furfural may exert little or no solvent action. It has been found that furfural is more selective toward naphthenic hydrocarbons of 'high viscosity than toward naphthenic hydrocarbons of low viscosity, and
- the invention is not'necessarily limited to the'treatment of lubricating'oil fractions but may be applied to the refining and purification of various hydrocarbon or mineral oil fractions, including naphtha, kerosene, etc., as well as various residual or distillate fractions or products derived from petroleum or other sources. It is also applicable to the treatment and purification of the crude petroleum itself.
- the extraction treat ment with a mixture comprising furfural and an amyl amine may be applied to a raw distillate or oil fraction to produce a finished merchantable product.
- oils of exceedingly high sulphur content or unusual characteristics, as regards sludge or carbon-forming tendencies it may be found desirable to supplement the treatment by the usual acid, alkali and doctor treatment, applied either before or after the treatment with the solvent mixture.
- the method of refining and purifying mineral oil to separate sulphur-bearing bodies, aromatic, unsaturated compounds and other undesired bodies from the relatively more parafiinic portion of the oil which comprises extracting the oil with furfural in admixture with asolvent selected from the amyl amines whereby the oil is separated into a refined oil fraction having desired characteristics and an extract fraction containing the undesired constituents.
- the method of refining and purifying mineral oil to separate sulphur-bearing bodies, aromatic, unsaturated compounds and other undesired bodies from the relatively more parafilnic portion of the oil which comprises extracting the oil with furfural in admixture with mono-amyl amine whereby the oil is separated into a refined oil fraction having desired characteristics and an extract fraction containing the undesired constituents.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Description
Patented Aug. 28, 1934 PATENT, osmos- REFINWG HYDROCABBON OIL Robert E. Manley and Howard H. Gross, Beacon, N. Y., assignors to The Texas Company, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing.
Claims.
This invention relates to refining hydrocarbon oil, and more particularly to refining mineral oil by solvent extraction.
The invention contemplates the treatment and 5 refining of mineraloil with mixed solvents containing furfural; by the use of certain solvent mixtures containing furfural themineral oil may be separated by the extraction method to produce oil fractions having desired characteristics and w substantially free from undesired components.
A solvent liquid suitable for mixing with the furfural, in accordance with our invention, comprises a solvent selected from the amyl amines such, for example, as mono-amyl amine or diamyl amine.
We have found that in treating and purifying mineral oil by extraction with furfural, the furfural may be used more effectively when mixed with a solvent liquid of the type mentioned above,
which liquid, when used by itself, may have quite dissimilar or divergent selective solvent action upon the oil undergoing treatment.
The furiural and solvent liquid of disslmila selective action may be mixed in any desired proportion to produce a solvent liquid mixture having .any desired selective action 'upon the particular oil undergoing treatment. In this way,
it is possible to obtain from a given mineral oil standing. One layer will comprise raflin'ate or. that portion of the oil insoluble in the furfural. 1
while the other will comprise the extract portion which is soluble in the furfural. Both layers may ao'contain substantial amounts of the modifying solvent liquid, depending upon the extent to which it is miscible with the oil undergoing treatment.
The individual layers after separation may be 46 removed and the solvent liquid recovered therefrom, or they may be'subiected to further treatment with additional quantities of solvent liquid.
By subiecting the separated fractionsto repeated extraction, aseries of fractions of differing char- 50 acter may be separated from-the original oil.
This is of particular advantage in connection with the extracting of mineral oil forthe production of lubricating oils of differing lubricating properties. Lubricating oil fractions are usu-' ally composed of various groups of hydrocarbons,
will depend upon the degree of separation desired and may. for example,'range'from around Application December 9, i932, Serial No.646,489
cific gravity and highviscosity index, while the latter are characterized by having a heavy gravity and low viscosity index. Oils of high viscosity index, in other words, having a flat temperature viscosity relationship possess superior lubricating value for some purposes, as, for example, in the lubrication of internal combustion 65 engines.
Lubricating fractions as obtained from crude petroleum usually also contain objectionable constituents in the form of aromatic and unsaturated compounds as well as sulphur-bearing bodies. The removal of these constituents is desirable in order to produce products of low sulphur content and free from readily oxidizable bodies which tend, during use, to form sludge. Thus, in the manufacture of lubricating oils. we 7 have found that mixtures of furfural with solvent liquids selected from the amyl amines are effective in extracting these objectionable bodies as well as those constituents having a low viscosity index and thus produce lubricating oil products characterized by having a high degree of stability and a high viscosity index.
Moreover, it is possible, by varyingthe proportion of amine to furfural, to either increase or decrease the extent of extraction as, for example, the degree of separation between the paramnic and naphthenic bodies. In this way, lubricating oil products of characteristics, such as viscosity index, may be produced as desired.
By way of example, in practicing our invention, one part of untreated lubricating oil distillate derived from a Mid-continent crude by distillation underdiminished pressure, is mixed with about two parts of a solvent liquid mixture 95. composed of about equalparts of furfural and an amyl amine, such as mono-amyl amine or diamyl amine. This mixture is subjected to ash. tation and heating in order to produce a homogeneous mixture or to effect complete solution of the oil in the solvent.
The mixture is then allowed to settle, forming an upper and a lower layer. The temperature at which this separation into two layers is effected 0 F. to 200 F. or higher.
In some instances, it may be desirable to heat the mixture to a relatively high temperature in i order to obtain complete solution of the oil in the solvent, and then allow the mixture to cool to a desired temperature where, upon settling, separating into two layers results The upper layer will comprise the undissolved hydrocarbons or those constituents of the oil characterized by having a relatively high viscosity index, .while the lower layer will be composed of soluble hydrocarbons and constituents of low viscosity index dissolved in the bulk of the solvent liquid mixture.
. The layers are then separately withdrawn and the solvent liquid removed from the oil by vacuum distillation or by other suitable means. If desired, the separated layers may be subjected to treatment with additional quantities of the solvent or additional quantities of the solvent liquid mixture composed of furfural and amine in proportions differing from those used in the initial extracting step. In this way, it is possible to obtain from the lubricating oil distillate a series of fractions of differing viscosity index, and other characteristics as may be desired.
The lubricating oil distillate may be subjected to the foregoing extraction treatment either before or after dewaxing by any of the well known methods for the separation of wax from waxbearing mineral oil.
The invention is not restricted to mixing with the furfural an amine solvent having relatively less selective action but may embrace mixing therewith a solvent having either'greater or less selectivity, or possesing a selective action upon certain constituents from which the furfural may exert little or no solvent action. It has been found that furfural is more selective toward naphthenic hydrocarbons of 'high viscosity than toward naphthenic hydrocarbons of low viscosity, and
. therefore, it is of advantage to use, in admixture with the furfural, a solvent liquid having somevwhat the opposite range of selectivity. Ac-
cordingly, a combination of such solvents offers.
an advantage for the more complete removal of both light and heavy fractions of naphthenes .from a wide range of naphthenic or paraflinic lubricating oil fractions.
' Furthermore, the invention is not'necessarily limited to the'treatment of lubricating'oil fractions but may be applied to the refining and purification of various hydrocarbon or mineral oil fractions, including naphtha, kerosene, etc., as well as various residual or distillate fractions or products derived from petroleum or other sources. It isalso applicable to the treatment and purification of the crude petroleum itself.
Under ordinary conditions, the extraction treat ment with a mixture comprising furfural and an amyl amine may be applied to a raw distillate or oil fraction to produce a finished merchantable product. However, in the case of oils of exceedingly high sulphur content or unusual characteristics, as regards sludge or carbon-forming tendencies, it may be found desirable to supplement the treatment by the usual acid, alkali and doctor treatment, applied either before or after the treatment with the solvent mixture.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the invention, as hereinbefore set forth, may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, and therefore only such limitations should be imposed as arev indicated in the appended claims.
We claim:
1. The method of refining and purifying mineral oil to separate sulphur-bearing bodies, aromatic, unsaturated compounds and other undesired bodies from the relatively more parafiinic portion of the oil which comprises extracting the oil with furfural in admixture with asolvent selected from the amyl amines whereby the oil is separated into a refined oil fraction having desired characteristics and an extract fraction containing the undesired constituents.
2. The method of refining and purifying mineral oil to separate sulphur-bearing bodies, aromatic, unsaturated compounds and other undesired bodies from the relatively more parafilnic portion of the oil which comprises extracting the oil with furfural in admixture with mono-amyl amine whereby the oil is separated into a refined oil fraction having desired characteristics and an extract fraction containing the undesired constituents.
3. The method of refining and purifying mineral oilto separate sulphur-bearing bodies, aromaticj unsaturated compounds and other undesired bodies from the' relatively more parafiinic portion of the oil which comprises extracting the oil with furfural in admixture with di-amyl amine whereby the oil is separated intoa refined oil fraction having desired characteristics and an extract fraction containing the undesired constituents.
4. The method of refining and purifying mineral oil to separate sulphur-bearing bodies, aromatic. unsaturated compounds and other undesired bodies from the relatively more parafiinic portion of the oil which comprises extracting the oil with a selective solvent mixture composed of a substance comprising essentially furfural in admixture with an amyl amine whereby the oil is separated'into a refined oil fraction having desired characteristics and an extract fraction containing the undesired constituents. I
5. In the manufacture of lubricating oil from mineral oil containing both low viscosity index and high viscosity index constituents the method of separating therefrom fractions of differing viscosity index comprising extracting the oil with a selective solvent mixture composed of a substance comprising essentially furfural in admixture with an amyl-amine whereby the oil is separated into fractions respectively rich in low viscosityindex and high'viscosity index constituents.
ROBERT E. MANLEY. HOWARD H. GROSS.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US646489A US1971753A (en) | 1932-12-09 | 1932-12-09 | Refining hydrocarbon oil |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US646489A US1971753A (en) | 1932-12-09 | 1932-12-09 | Refining hydrocarbon oil |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1971753A true US1971753A (en) | 1934-08-28 |
Family
ID=24593251
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US646489A Expired - Lifetime US1971753A (en) | 1932-12-09 | 1932-12-09 | Refining hydrocarbon oil |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1971753A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2311083A1 (en) * | 1975-05-14 | 1976-12-10 | British Petroleum Co | COMPOSITION AND PROCESS FOR THE SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF HYDROCARBONS |
-
1932
- 1932-12-09 US US646489A patent/US1971753A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2311083A1 (en) * | 1975-05-14 | 1976-12-10 | British Petroleum Co | COMPOSITION AND PROCESS FOR THE SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF HYDROCARBONS |
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