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US1968008A - Concentration of minerals - Google Patents

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US1968008A
US1968008A US349923A US34992329A US1968008A US 1968008 A US1968008 A US 1968008A US 349923 A US349923 A US 349923A US 34992329 A US34992329 A US 34992329A US 1968008 A US1968008 A US 1968008A
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particles
phosphate
water
ore
agglomerates
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US349923A
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Chapman George Albert
John W Littleford
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Minerals Separation North American Corp
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Minerals Separation North American Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D1/00—Flotation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B5/00—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
    • B03B5/02—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating using shaken, pulsated or stirred beds as the principal means of separation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S209/00—Classifying, separating, and assorting solids
    • Y10S209/902—Froth flotation; phosphate

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the concentration of minerals, and is herein illustrated as applied to the concentration of the phosphate commercially known as bone phosphate of lime from naturally occurring phosphate-bearing material.
  • the concentration is efiected by procedures which may include, skin or film flotation in which phosphate particles ride upon the surface of water while silica and other impurities are wetted by the water and tend to sink; and which may include differential separation under wet stratifying conditions, and which may include both skin flotation and wet stratifying classification.
  • the process may be carried on or aided by table concentration wherein the silica, which tends to sink in the water flowing over the table, is carried oil in the general directionof the riflies, while the phosphate particles, carried in or on the water flowing across the riflies of the table, are delivered to a concentrate launder, and are thereafter dewatered.
  • the phosphate-bearing material is herein described as made easily amenable to such skin flotation or water-flowing separation or both 5 by prior'treatment, as with an alkaline substance, or with soap and oil, or .with alkali and a saponi flable oil. Variations of treatment may produce skin flotation, water flowing separation with differential separation under wet stratifying conditions, or both. Where an oil is used the oil selectively coats phosphate particles, making them more amenable to separation.
  • film or skin flotation and other procedures are carried out together on a shaking table of a general type used in eflecting the concentration of metalliferous minerals.
  • Figure 2 is an end view
  • Figure 3 is a longitudinal vertical section thereof taken on a plane indicated by the line :n-a: in
  • the deck 1, is shown as mounted on a stander deck frame 2, which in turn is mounted in the usual manner for longitudinal vibration by the usual devices so that the whole vibrates as a unit.
  • the deck 1 is provided with riffles 3, extending longitudinally of the deck.
  • a thick pulp of phosphate-bearing material was fed, through a hopper 4 at the upper end 5 of the upper side, to the deck, and the vibrations of the table tended to carry the silica and other impurities length wise of the table and in the general direction of m the riflies and to the lower end 1 of the table, discharging it, through V-shaped cuts 8 at the lower end 7 and between the riflies 3, into an end or tailings launder 9.
  • the pulp particles were continually washed by streams of water flowing o5 transversely across the riflies from a feed pipe 10 along the upper side 6, which carried and discharged phosphate particles into a concentrate launder 11 at the lower side 12 of the deck.
  • the V-shaped cuts prevented gangue from building up along the lower end 7 of the deck.
  • the surface of the deck was not quite flat, sloping about an eighth of an inch from each side toward the center so that a long pool of water tended to form between .the central rlflles. 7
  • phosphate particles float on the water surface as a skin or fllm float and are carried oil into the concentrates launder 11 by the transversely flowing stream of water.
  • Other phosphate particles many of them in flocks associated with air bubbles, form aggregates or loosely bonded agglomerates and, in suspension in the water, or resting lightly on the silica or other impurities are carried transversely, separating themselves from the endwise movement of the other particles by the usual action of a table.
  • the material used was the phosphate-bearing tails resutling from the concentration by screening of the product of the No. 11 Mine of the International Agricultural Corporation at Mulberry, Florida.
  • the material was mostly finer than 14-mesh, and had been largely deslimed.
  • the principal ingredient of the gangue was silica, but it also contained the objectionable ingredients iron and alumina.
  • phosphate-bearing material was made into a thick pulp and treated with caustic soda in solution equivalent to 0.4 pounds per ton of solids, then mixed with 1.2 pounds red oil (oleic acid) and four pounds of fuel oil, both per ton of solids. This formed soap and left the fuel oil as an oily material which coated the phosphate particles.
  • the thick pulp was then agitated as for flotation, fed to the table with more water and concentrated thereon by the vibrating action of the table and transversely flowing water as described above.
  • B, P. L. means so-called bone phosphate of line
  • soap especially sodium oleate, and unsaponifiable oil, such as the fuel oil used above, were the best agents for effecting concentration.
  • the best method of adding the soap was to make it in situ from caustic soda and oleic acid, but other alkaline substances and other saponifiable oils proved useful, though less effective.
  • This process has also been found to be usefully applicable to the concentration of the following minerals: Cassiterite, copper carbonate, beauxite, manganese oxide, iron oxide, barytes, lead carbonate, zinc carbonate and zinc silicate.
  • the method of separating phosphate from fine phosphate-bearing silica-containing material which consists in admixing a small proportion of soap and unsaponifiable oil with the material so as to selectively coat the phosphate particles with oil and flowing a stream of water carrying the treated material across an obstruction so as to tend to retain the silica while the water carries onward the phosphate particles, and collecting the phosphate particles.
  • the proces of concentrating finely divided ores of non-sulphide minerals which consists in agitating the particles of such an gore with a fraction of one per cent. of 'soap and a fraction of one per cent. of petroleum oil in the presence ofenough watertowettheparticlesandadding water to form a freely flowing pulp and subjecting this pulp to agitative wet stratifying classiflcation according to the relative settling values of the material to be concentrated and the other particles,andrecoveringthematerial tobeconcentrated in an overlying stratum.

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Description

y 24, 1934- G. A. CHAPMAN ET AL 1,968,008
CONCENTRAT ION OF MINERALS Filed March 26, 1929 k a O 9 0 O 0 O O 0 0 O O O 0 O '4 @fly' l 6 7 1K 1K 10 O 1/\1/\1/\1/\1 \1/\1/ .9 nvvervrorzs,
ATTORNEYS.
Patented July 24, 1934 UNITED STATES PATEN'F OFFICE CONCENTRATION OF MINERALS Application March 26, 1929, Serial No. 349,923
22 Claim.
This invention relates to the concentration of minerals, and is herein illustrated as applied to the concentration of the phosphate commercially known as bone phosphate of lime from naturally occurring phosphate-bearing material.
According to the present invention the concentration is efiected by procedures which may include, skin or film flotation in which phosphate particles ride upon the surface of water while silica and other impurities are wetted by the water and tend to sink; and which may include differential separation under wet stratifying conditions, and which may include both skin flotation and wet stratifying classification. The process may be carried on or aided by table concentration wherein the silica, which tends to sink in the water flowing over the table, is carried oil in the general directionof the riflies, while the phosphate particles, carried in or on the water flowing across the riflies of the table, are delivered to a concentrate launder, and are thereafter dewatered. The phosphate-bearing material is herein described as made easily amenable to such skin flotation or water-flowing separation or both 5 by prior'treatment, as with an alkaline substance, or with soap and oil, or .with alkali and a saponi flable oil. Variations of treatment may produce skin flotation, water flowing separation with differential separation under wet stratifying conditions, or both. Where an oil is used the oil selectively coats phosphate particles, making them more amenable to separation.
In the form 01 the invention herein illustrated, film or skin flotation and other procedures are carried out together on a shaking table of a general type used in eflecting the concentration of metalliferous minerals.
Many forms of apparatus may be used in carrying out the procedures of the present inven- 40 tion, but the tests described in detail below were carried out on a Wilfley table provided with a special deck as shown in the accompanying drawing:
In the drawing Figure 1 is a plan view of the deck.
Figure 2 is an end view, and Figure 3 is a longitudinal vertical section thereof taken on a plane indicated by the line :n-a: in
Figure 1.
The deck 1, is shown as mounted on a stander deck frame 2, which in turn is mounted in the usual manner for longitudinal vibration by the usual devices so that the whole vibrates as a unit.
The deck 1 is provided with riffles 3, extending longitudinally of the deck. A thick pulp of phosphate-bearing material was fed, through a hopper 4 at the upper end 5 of the upper side, to the deck, and the vibrations of the table tended to carry the silica and other impurities length wise of the table and in the general direction of m the riflies and to the lower end 1 of the table, discharging it, through V-shaped cuts 8 at the lower end 7 and between the riflies 3, into an end or tailings launder 9. The pulp particles were continually washed by streams of water flowing o5 transversely across the riflies from a feed pipe 10 along the upper side 6, which carried and discharged phosphate particles into a concentrate launder 11 at the lower side 12 of the deck. The V-shaped cuts prevented gangue from building up along the lower end 7 of the deck. The surface of the deck was not quite flat, sloping about an eighth of an inch from each side toward the center so that a long pool of water tended to form between .the central rlflles. 7
Many phosphate particles float on the water surface as a skin or fllm float and are carried oil into the concentrates launder 11 by the transversely flowing stream of water. Other phosphate particles, many of them in flocks associated with air bubbles, form aggregates or loosely bonded agglomerates and, in suspension in the water, or resting lightly on the silica or other impurities are carried transversely, separating themselves from the endwise movement of the other particles by the usual action of a table.
The following tests were carried out with the apparatus just described. The material used was the phosphate-bearing tails resutling from the concentration by screening of the product of the No. 11 Mine of the International Agricultural Corporation at Mulberry, Florida. The material was mostly finer than 14-mesh, and had been largely deslimed. The principal ingredient of the gangue was silica, but it also contained the objectionable ingredients iron and alumina.
In one test phosphate-bearing material was made into a thick pulp and treated with caustic soda in solution equivalent to 0.4 pounds per ton of solids, then mixed with 1.2 pounds red oil (oleic acid) and four pounds of fuel oil, both per ton of solids. This formed soap and left the fuel oil as an oily material which coated the phosphate particles. The thick pulp was then agitated as for flotation, fed to the table with more water and concentrated thereon by the vibrating action of the table and transversely flowing water as described above. The results are shown in the following table in which B, P. L. means so-called bone phosphate of line,
moisture was mixed quietly, with the minimum of agitation, with the same proportions of the same agents and then separated by the same water-flowing and vibrating table procedure into concentrate, middling and tailing, the middling consisting of a concentratable mixture of phosphate and other material. The results are shown in the following table:
A repetition of the last test, without attempting to separate the middling product, yielded the results shown in the following table:
B. r. L. Wt. B. r. L. movw% Heads 100 21. 31 100 (Jones 29. a 1o. 4 91. s ails 70.4 .90 2.2
improves the richness of the concentrate and the recovery, and reduces the amount of other agents required. So far as tested soap, especially sodium oleate, and unsaponifiable oil, such as the fuel oil used above, were the best agents for effecting concentration. The best method of adding the soap was to make it in situ from caustic soda and oleic acid, but other alkaline substances and other saponifiable oils proved useful, though less effective.
This process has also been found to be usefully applicable to the concentration of the following minerals: Cassiterite, copper carbonate, beauxite, manganese oxide, iron oxide, barytes, lead carbonate, zinc carbonate and zinc silicate.
Having thus described certain embodiments of the invention what is claimed is:
1. The process of concentrating phosphate ore which comprises adjusting the water content of the finely-divided ore to insure having all the particles thoroughly wetted and adding a selective flocculating agent to the ore, mixing said agent with the ore'until loosely bonded agglomerates of phosphate mineral particles are formed which are adapted, when a mixture of said agglomerates and the gangue particles contained in the ore is agitated under wet stratifying conditions, to settle at a less rate than the gangue, then subjecting the mixture to agitative wet stratifying classification according to the relative settling values of said agglomerates and the gangue andgathering the phosphate mineral in an overlying stratum.
2. The process of concentrating phosphate ore noeaoos which comprises adjusting the water content of the finely-divided ore to insure having all the particles thoroughly wetted and adding a selec= tive flocculating agent to the ore, mixing said agent with the ore to form a thin film or coating of said agent on each phosphate mineral particle and to at least in part form loosely bonded agglomerates of said particles, then subjecting the mixture to agitative wet stratifying classification according to the relative settling values of the treated mineral and the gangue and gathering the phosphate in an overlying stratum.
3. The process of concentrating phosphate ore comprising adjusting the water content of ore of a degree of fineness such that the desired mineral particles are substantially free from attached gangue particles, to insure having all the ore particle's thoroughly wetted, adding selective agents to the thus wetted ore and mixing said agents with the ore to form loosely bonded agglomerated bodies of phosphate mineral particles which are adapted when agitated under wet stratifying conditions to settle more slowly than the said gangue particles, then subjecting the resulting mixture to agitative wet stratifying classfication according to the relative settling values of said bodies and said gangue and gathering the phosphate mineral in an overlying stratum.
4. The process of concentrating a finely divided phosphate-bearing material which consists in agitating the material with a fraction of one percent of sodium soap and a fraction of one percent of petroleum oil in the presence of enough water to wet the particles and adding water to form a freely flowing pulp and subjecting this pulp t0 agitative wet stratifying classification according to the relative settling values of the phosphate material and the gangue and recovering phosphate concentrate in an overlying stratum.
5. The process of concentrating a finely divided phosphate-bearing material which consists in agitating the material with a fraction of one percent of sodium soap and a fraction of one percent of petroleum oil in the presence of enough water to wet the particles and adding water to form a freely flowing pulp and subjecting this pulp to table concentration so that phosphate concentrate is discharged transversely of the vibration of the table and tailings are discharged in the general direction of the vibration of the table.
6. The method of separating phosphate from fine phosphate-bearing silica-containing material which consists in admixing a small proportion of soap and unsaponifiable oil with the material so as to selectively coat the phosphate particles with oil and flowing a stream of water carrying the treated material across an obstruction so as to tend to retain the silica while the water carries onward the phosphate particles, and collecting the phosphate particles.
7. The process of concentrating a finely divided phosphate-bearing material which consists in agitating the material with a fraction of phosphate material and the gangue and recovering phosphate concentrate in an overlying stratum.
8. The process of concentrating a finely divided phosphate-bearing material which consists in agitating the material with a fraction of one per cent of soap and a fraction of one per cent of petroleum oil in the presence of enough water to wet the particles and adding water to form a freely flowing pulp and subjecting this pulp to table concentration so that phosphate concentrate is discharged transversely ot the vibration of the table and tailings are in the general direction of the vibration of table.
9. The process of concentrating mixed minerals wherein the values to be concentrated contain a metal and oxygen in combination which comprises adjusting the water content of such finely divided minerals to insure the particles thoroughly wetted and adding a selective flocculating agent, mixing said agent with the minerals until loosely bonded agglomerates of particles to be concentrated are formed which are adapted, when a mixture of said agglomerates and the other particles is agitated under wet stratifying conditions, to settle at a less rate than the other particles, then subjecting the mixture to agitative wet stratifying classification according to the relative settling values of the agglomerates and the other particles and gathering the agglomerated particles in an overlying stratum.
10. The process of concentrating flnely divided ores of non-sulphide minerals which comprises adjusting the water content of such an ore to insure having all the particles thoroughly wetted and adding a selective flocculating a ent, mixing said agent with the ore to form a thin him or coating on particles to be concentrated and to at least in part form loosely bonded agglomer ates of said particles, then subjecting the mixture to agitative wet stratifying classification according to the relative settling values of the coated mineral and the other particles and gathering the coated mineral in an overlying stratum.
11. The process of concentrating mixed minerals wherein the values to be concentrated con-.
to agitative wet stratifying conditions according to the relative settling values of the material to be concentrated and the other particles and gathering the material to be concentrated in an overlying stratum.
12. The process of concentrating finely divided mixed minerals wherein the values to be concentrated contain a metal and oxygen in combination, which consists in admixing a small proportion of soap and unsaponiflable oil with such minerals so as to selectively coat particles to be concentrated with oil and flowing a stream of water carrying the treated material across an obstruction so as to tend to retain the other particles while the water carries onward the particles to be concentrated, and collecting the parti--' cles to be concentrated.
13. The process of concentrating finely divided ores of non-sulphide minerals which consists in admixing a small proportion of a soap-forming radical and an alkali and an ble'oil withsuch anoresoastoselectivelycoatparticiestobeconcentmtedwithoil,andiiowinga stream of water carrying the treated material acres an olstruction soastotend to'retain the other particles while the water, carries onward the particles to be concentrated, and collecting the .particlesto be concentrated.
14. The process of concentrating phosphate oreswhichconsistsinadmixingasmall portion of a soap-forming radical and alkali and animsae oilwlthsuclianoresoasto selectively coat phosphate particles with oil forming agglomerates, and flowing a stream of water carrying thetreatedmaterialacrossastratiiylng supportsoas totendtoretaingangueparticles while the water carries phosphate particles onward, and collecting phosphate particles.
15. The proces of concentrating finely divided ores of non-sulphide minerals, which consists in agitating the particles of such an gore with a fraction of one per cent. of 'soap and a fraction of one per cent. of petroleum oil in the presence ofenough watertowettheparticlesandadding water to form a freely flowing pulp and subjecting this pulp to agitative wet stratifying classiflcation according to the relative settling values of the material to be concentrated and the other particles,andrecoveringthematerial tobeconcentrated in an overlying stratum.
18. The process of concentrating finely divided oresofnon-sulphide mineralswhichconsists in agitatingsuch anorewithafraction of oneper cent. of soap and a fraction of one per cent. of petrolemn oil in the presence of enough water to wet the particles, forming agglomerates and adding water to form a freely flowing pulp and subjecting this pulp to table concentration so that thematerialtobeconcentratedisdischarged transversely of the vibration of the table and thetailingsaredischargedinthegeneraldirection of the vibration of the table.
17. The process of concentrating phosphate ores comprising adjusting the watercontent of suchafinelydividedoretoinsurehaving allthe particles thoroughly wetted and adding a selective ilocculating'agent to the ore, admixing said agent with the ore to form agglomerates of phosphate particles and subjecting the mixture to stratifying classification to sepmte the agglomerates from gangue particles according to their relative settling values, and gathering the phosphate a lomerates.
18. The process of concentrating finely divided ores of non-sulphide minerals comprising adjustingthe water content of such an ore to insure having all the particles thoroughly wetted and adding a selective flocculating agent and mixing said agent with the ore to form agglomerates of valuable mineral particles, and subjecting the mixture to stratifying classification to separate valuable agglomerates from gangue particles according to their relative settling values, and gathering the valuable agglomerates.
19. The process of concentrating minerals comprising adjusting the water content of an ore (of a sumcient degree of fineness to liberate the valuable mineral from the gangue) to thoroughly wet the particles thereof, adding a selective ilocculating agent to and it with said particles to form agglomerates of the valuable mineral content, subjecting the mixture to stratitying classification to separate the agglomerates from the gangue' according to their respective settling values and collecting the agglomerates.
20. The process of concentrating phosphatebearing materials comprising adjusting the water content of an ore (of a sufiicient degree of fineness to liberate the phosphate from the same) to thoroughly wet the particles thereof, adding a selective fiocculating agent to and mixing it with said particles to form agglomerates of the phosphate, subjecting the mixture to stratifying classification to separate the agglomerates from the gangue according to their respective settling values and collecting the agglomerates.
21. The process of concentrating phosphate ores which consists in adjusting the water content of the finely divided ore to insure having all the particles thoroughly 'wetted and adding a selective fiocculating agent to the ore, mixing said agent with the ore to form a thin film or coating of said agent on phosphate particles and to at least form in part loosely bonded agglomerates of said particles, then subjecting the mixture to agitative wet stratifying classification, and collecting a portion of the phosphate as a float on the water and a portion of the phosphate in an overlying stratum in the water.
22. The process of concentrating ores of nonsulphide minerals which consists in adjusting the water content of such a finely divided ore to insure having all the particles thoroughly wetted and adding a selective fiocculating agent, mixing said agent with the minerals to form a thin film or coating of said agent on particles to be concentrated and to at least in part form loosely bonded agglomerates of said particles, then subjecting the mixture to agitative wet stratifying classification, and collecting a portion of the coated mineral as a float on the water and a portion of the coated mineral in an overlying stratum inthe water.
GEORGE ALBERT CHAPMAN. JOHN W. LITTLEFORD.
US349923A 1929-03-26 1929-03-26 Concentration of minerals Expired - Lifetime US1968008A (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2536286A (en) * 1947-09-04 1951-01-02 Virginia Carolina Chem Corp Process for the table agglomeration concentration of ore
US2604208A (en) * 1948-09-14 1952-07-22 Int Minerals & Chem Corp Process for concentrating nonmetallic minerals
US2783886A (en) * 1953-10-28 1957-03-05 Int Minerals & Chem Corp Process of beneficiating ores
US3268071A (en) * 1962-08-22 1966-08-23 Ca Nat Research Council Process for the separation of solids by agglomeration
US3298617A (en) * 1964-02-14 1967-01-17 Georgia Kaolin Co Selective separation of heterogeneous particles

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2536286A (en) * 1947-09-04 1951-01-02 Virginia Carolina Chem Corp Process for the table agglomeration concentration of ore
US2604208A (en) * 1948-09-14 1952-07-22 Int Minerals & Chem Corp Process for concentrating nonmetallic minerals
US2783886A (en) * 1953-10-28 1957-03-05 Int Minerals & Chem Corp Process of beneficiating ores
US3268071A (en) * 1962-08-22 1966-08-23 Ca Nat Research Council Process for the separation of solids by agglomeration
US3298617A (en) * 1964-02-14 1967-01-17 Georgia Kaolin Co Selective separation of heterogeneous particles

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