US1957098A - Furnace construction - Google Patents

Description

. y 1, 1934- R. c. DENNY 1,957,098

FURNACE CONSTRUCTION Filed July 13. 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet. 1

: EJ M y 1934- R. c.- DENNY FURNACE CONSTRUCTION Filed July 13, 1951 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 ootzseeoestos to, test, its: 7

2s claims, (oi. ite s;

This invention reletes'to furnace coustructioo, end it pertains particularly to :Zumsces of large sue, such as boiler furnaces, that are fired by burners arranged to nject powdered, liquid or gaseous fuel through appropriate 'laumer Opel'i ings in the furnace well.

A general object of the'invention istlie ps0 vision of improved construction for furnace wall. portiom arranged to provide burner openings.

A morevpsrticuler object is tlie'provision of such construction adopted to withstand effective iv the iornece heat and erosive influences to "cicl it is subjected in use, which "e as se oi-ed end tepelred with facility, and Wiiicie is particularly qualified to withstand tile vibration or pulsations quite generally produced in such pcitioiisoi iomsee incident to operation of the corners. A

Another pertioulor object of the invention is the provision of such a constmotion employing comparatively smell sis-ed ere-formed. reix'sctob ies, and wherein the refractories ere def iitelv retained in the desired position and relation in the structui'e in such fashion that they may hove a desired mobility or'edjustsbility with respect to one another and with respect to re taming parts, to avoid their being subjected to destructive pressures. Y Another object is the provision of such a construction suitable for forming a solitary homer opening or a plurelitv of burner openings in. essociotion.

Other nd'further objects will be pointed out or indicated hereinafter or will be apparent to 35 one skilled in the art upon an understanding oi the invention or its employment in practice,

For the purpose of aiding in e full disclosure of the inventiomli illustrate in the accompanying drawings, and hereinafter describe, certain structures as examples of embodiment of the invention, but it is to be understood that these are presented merely for purpose of illustration, and

hence are. not to be construed in any fashion celculstedto limit the appended claims-short of the true and most comprehensive scope of the inveution in'tl'ie art.

In said drawings, Fig. l is a sectional elevational view of a; por= tion of furnace wall and associated burner'p'arts -0 showing. two burner openings, one disposed above the other, the section being taken along thever tical diameter of the burner openings;

Figs. 2, 3 and 4 are perspectivesillustrating I three forms of refractories employed in the con- 55 struction illustrated in Fig; 1;

Fig. 5 is so elevetiooel view of the inner side of the construction at e burner opening; the right hood of the figure Licvlng the reirec tories removed for the purpose of showigigifreme poitioosz i d is. as sectional of it. 5; i

7 is o oessgeotive view of o fled eoost octioo; i V

tie at oersoeetive illostretioo oi soother retract-ow; end

bracket.

These are various types of bum-er oi" iuel fecal ing apparatus employed for of largefumsces by injection of powdesied fuel, oil, or gas, together with primers combustion air,

view loom .ot the left most.

peotive illustretlon of o bang r through burner openings in the fumes well. It

is usuelly neo%sary that the so-cslleo'; burners or nozzles from which the tool is disclietged lie po sitioned e substantial distance from the inner side of the well, in order that they may be P31- tected from the iuroeee heat in so for as possiele.

in most large iumaoes the wall in which. the

burner cosmos is located usually liesto be oi 8 quite substantial thickness in order to withstand the heat and possess the desired beet confining character, and the burner openings have to be oi considerable size in order to efiordtlee requisite capacity for introduction oi fuel and air, and the tlilckciess 01" the well necessarily involves their being of considerable length. The provisiou of burner openings, particularly openings of circule'r or curved contour, through the refractory wells oi? large furnaces has presented serious 9 difiiculties, as shown in the rather frequent follure of the refractory wall portions which are in association with or which bound such burner openings. Toe portions at the inner side of the furnace well are subjected to much higher heat than those portions toward. the outer side of the wellsnd are subject to much greater thermal, exoemsion. The well portions'in association with. the burners, moreover, are usually subiectedto very appreciable vibration or pulsations attend 1 out upon the secretion 01' the fuel injecting oppse rotus. These circumstances have rendered it quite difilcult to psovide a, construction which will have suficient stability and security to wt -7 stand the vibrations over long periods, mud at 1 the some time possess suficient flexibility to ac- .coodate the difierences in thermal expansion between interior and outer parts. The present invention provides o construction wherein pre formed itstreet/cries of moderste Qze are assem- 1 bled in a'relationship affording an opening of the desired form, the refractory structure being supported on an external frame positioned outside the high temperature zone of the furnace, and the refractories being anchored in-place in such fashion that they will retain the desired relationship and positions, but may have a limited freedom of individual movement, giving the structure a desirable internal flexibility which accommo-=- dates expansion and contraction and safeguards its component parts against destructive pressures. Superjacent portions of the furnace wall are supported in such fashion that their weight is not imposed upon the refractories which bound the burner opening, and these latter are likewise supported in such fashion that their weight is not imposed on the refractories in subjacent wall portions or those which form subjaoent or laterally associated burner openings. lhe construction is such that the entire refractory structure involved may be built of pre-formed refractories, thus eliminating any necessity for piecing or patching with plastic material.

'I'he'natureof the invention will be understood in more detail by reference to the examples iilus-- trated in the drawings. In Fig. l the reference numeral 10 designates one of a plurality of upright frame members, which are disposed along the furnace wall and constitute the main supporting element thereof. Suitable plate portions 11 are attached to the inner flanges of the members 10 and are supported thereby in a vertical plane, these plate portions being shaped at the margins to afford openings corresponding to the location of the burner-openings. In the examples here illustrated these boundary margins. are arcuate so as to conform to a round bumer opening. At these openings is a cast iron ring 12, which may be formed in segments and bolted through the plate portions and to the flanges of the burner collar 15, which is positioned outside the wall and suitably supported, as on the frame. At its inner end the ring 12 is flanged to provide the inwardly presented shoulder 12 and the longitudinally presented ledge 12 Above and below the ring 12, horizontally extending angle members 16 are secured to the plate members ll and have at their inner margins flanges disposd in a vertical plane. At opposite sides of the ring 12 cast iron anchor bars 17 (see Figs. 5 and 6) are supported in vertical position onangle seats 18 and the subjacent members 16. These anchor bars have spaced laterally projecting lugs 1'7. extending fromv their inner margins. Flanged angle members 19, like the members 16, are secured in diagonal or sloping position adjacent the ring 12, as illustrated in Fig. 5, being bolted to the plate member.

The furnace wall'portions above and below and alongside the burner opening structure are made up of refractories 20 supported on the frame structure by means of hangers 21 as in the fashion illustratediin the U. S. Patent to Frank.

I. Sheahan, No. 1,875,667, the weight of these refractories being taken by the shelves 21 of the hangers, and their outer ends are spaced from the plate members 11 so as to afford an intervening air circulating space. The refractories'which bound the burner opening comprise inner refractories 22,- 24 and 25 and outer refractories 26. The refractories 22 and 24 are of the same form, but shaped as lefts'and rights.

'Their lateral faces 24", converge from the outer.

face 24", so that they are wedge shaped, and their inner margin is irregular so as to afford a convex portion 24 and a notched portion 24. Their outer sides are notched at the outer end to provide an in-set portion 24* and a pocket 24, and an arcuate groove 24 is provided across their outer ends. The refractories 25 (Fig. 3) are of similar form, but their outer sides are anticlinal as shown. The outer refractories 26 (Fig. 4) have their inner ends shaped to fit in the notched portion 24 of the refractories 22, 24 and 25, so that their convex inner surfaces 26 will coalasce with the curved inner surfaces 24 of the inner refractories. They also have the notches 26 and 26 extending across their outer faces. The wedge form of the refractories 22, 24 and 25 is such that when/disposed in the order illustrated in Fig. 5 with the lateral faces of juxtaposed ones in abutment, they will form a complete collar. In assembly, those at the bottom of the burner opening are supported on the ledge 12 of the ring, and on bracket hangers 2'7. These bracket hangers are cast iron members having ledge portions 27 with anchor lugs 2'7 thereon, and hook portions 2'7 adapted to engage over the upper flanges of the members 16 and maintain the bracket hangers theren with the ledge 2'? in a horizontal position. The ledge portion of a bracket hanger is accommodated by the notched portion 24 of the refractory, the lug 2'7 extending into the pocket 24 and serving to prevent withdrawal of the refractory inwardly from the ledge portion. The groove 24 of each refractory accommodates the shoulder portion 12 of the ring. Similar bracket hangers are likewise mounted on the diagonal angle members 19 and hold the refractories 22 and 24 which are next above the four lowermost in the assembly. The next four refractories, at each side of the assembly, are anchored in place by engagement of the lugs 17 of the hanger bars in their pockets, as illustrated in Figs. 5 andg6, the weight of these refractories being supported in part thereby and in part by the ones therebelow. The next two refractories on each side are anchored in place by hanger brackets which are supported on the upper diagonal angle members 19, while the four refractories in the crown of the assembly are supported on the shoulder 12 of the ring and anchored in place by hanger brackets connected to the upper angle members 16. The refractories 26 are supported by the ring 12, and an-" chored in place by engagement ofthe ring shoulder 12 in the grooves 26 the inner ends of said refractories fitting in the notched portions 24 of the inner refractories. As observed in Fig. 5, the shoulder portion 1281s omitted at the top portion of the ring, so that the two refractories 26 at the top of the assembly may be slid directly into place before the two uppermost refractories 22 and 24 are put in place, these two uppermost refractories 26 being held by said inner refractories against displacement inwardly.

The length of the refractories 22, 24 and 25 is such as to correspond approximately to the desired thickness of the refractory wall, so that ,their inner ends willlie in approximately the same plane as the inner wall surface, andtheir outer ends will be spaced from the plate members 11 so as to afford an air circulation space. The I length of the refractories 26 is such as to extend across this air space and across the ring 12, so that when the assembly is completed they .tinuous refractory collar or sleeve which gives the opening the desired contour and which isv made up of a plurality of relatively small re-' fractories. It will be observed that all of the refractories are definitely anchored in place in such fashion that they are held against shifting inwardly or outwardly out of the desired association with one another, but at the same time have a limited extent of individual movement.

' This limited mobility is afforded by a certain amount of play or loose fit between the refrac-' tories and their anchoring members, the various grooves and pockets of the refractories being of sumcient size to admit such play on the anchoring portions 12 12', 17 and 27*. It will be observed, moreover, that the refractory collar or sleeve formed by the assembledrefractories is,

in a sense, flexible due to the permissible mobil- "ity of the inner refractories with respect to the 'outer refractories, so that differences of expan sion as between the inward portions of the structure and the outward portions of the same are quite freely accommodated and the integrity and continuity of the refractory structure thus preserved and the refractories safeguarded against fracture. I

Inasmuch as the refractory collar thus formed by the refractories 22, 2d, and 25 is ofgenerally octagonal peripheral outline, whereas the contiguous-portions of the wall structure run on horizontal and vertical lines, there remain triangular portions which must be fitted with re-.

fractories. These portions are fitted withthe triangular refractories 28, which are formed at their outer ends with'the groovesand pockets 28 in which lugs 27 of someof the hanger brackets and lugs 17 of. the hanger bars are engaged, as illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6, to anchor these triangular refractories in place. Outwardly from the wall, and facing the wall portions in which the burner openings are located, are casing plates or the like 30 which formportions of an enclosure that functions as a wind box forthe supplying of primary combustion air to the burner openings, this wind box affording ample space for the free circulation of airin' contact with the portions of the frame members which are enclosed therein, for cooling effect. Air inlets 31 are provided at suitable locations for admission.- of external air into the air circulating space between the plate 11 and the outer ends of the refractories, said air being free to flow upwardly in contact with the wall refractcries and the burner opening refractories and in contact with the ,various metallic supporting and-anchoring members 21, 27, i2, 16, etc., for cooling effect, said air passing out of the air space through suitable openings at the top of the structure. By this provision-for cooling, the metallic members are safeguarded against rapid deterioration by heat, and the life of the refractories is likewise augmented.

The assembly shown in Fig. '7 illustrates a somewhat modified construction, in which the burnerring 12 is mounted on supplementary frame members 13 and the outer refractories 26 are-of such length as to extend inwardly across such supplementary frame members and across the air space at their inner side, said refractories resting at their inner-ends within the notched portions of the inner refractories 23 and at their outer ends within the channel of the ring 12'.

The inner refractorieaas in the form first described, are supported and anchored in position by hanger brackets 27' clamped to the suptration the refractory collar is shown as. of cylindrical form instead of inwardly flaring form as in the previous example, and has transverse flexibility and mobility of its component refractories such as to accommodate differences of expansion as between inward and outward parts of the structure. 1

What I claim is: *1. Furnace structure comprising, in combination, a wall-supporting frame, refractories supported by said frame but, spaced therefrom toform a furmace wall, inner wedge shaped refractories supported by and anchored to the frame and disposed in the plane of said wall in association to form a ring encircling a burner opening through the wall, and other wedgeshapedref-ractories supported by the frame and associated with said inner wedge shaped refractories to form extended walls for said burner opening continuing outwardly from the inner wedge shaped refractories.

'2. In furnace construction, the combination of a wall-supporting frame, refractories supported by said frame to form a furnace wall spaced therefrom to afford an intervening air space, inner wedge shaped refractories supported by and anchored to the frame and disposed in the plane of said furnace wall in association to en= compass an opening therethrough, and outer refractories supported by'the frame with their inplementary frame members 13. In this illusner ends in association with said inner. refrac tories, said outer refractories extending outwardly across the air space in association to form outwardly continuing walls for said opening.

3. In furnace construction, in combination, a wall-supporting frame, refractories supportedby the frame to form a furnace wall spaced therefrom, inner refractories supported by the frame in association to form a collar affording a pas sage through the furnace wall, and outer refractories supported by the frame in association with saidv inner refractories to form a sleeve extending outwardly from said inner refractories and affording an outward extension of said passage.

4. A furnace wall structure comprising, in combination, a wall-supporting frame,- wedge shaped refractories supported by said frame and anchored thereto in association to form a collar spaced collaterally from the frame and constituting the boundary of a wall opening, and outer refractories supported by'tbe frame with their inner ends adjoining said wedge shaped refractories and their outer portions extendingoutwardly therefrom, said outer refractories being asociated to form the boundary of an outward extension of said wall opening.

5. In a furnace wall, in combination, an external wall-supporting frame, wedge shaped refractories supported thereby to form a collar bounding a wall 'opening with the divergent faces of said refractories extending radially from said opening, means anchoring said refractories to the frame, and refractories supported by the frame independently of said collar to form a wall portion adjoining and continuing upwardly from said collar.

6. In a furnace wall, in combination, a frame at the outer side of the wall, a ring supported by and extending inwardly from the frame toward the furnace chamber, refractories arranged to form a collar encompassing a wall opening and having their outer ends within said ring, said refractories extending inwardly toward the furnace chamber from said ring, and means'anchoring said refractories against displacement longitudinally of said wall opening. Y

7. Furnace wall structure as specified in claim 6 and including inner refractories contacting the inner ends of said first mentioned refractories and extending therefrom inwardly toward the furnace chamber and means anchoring said inner refractories to the frame to prevent their displacement inwardly.

8. In a furnace wall, in combination, a frame, refractories supported thereby but spaced inwardly therefrom and arranged to form the boundary of a wall opening, said refractories having notched outer end portions, and other refractories seated in said notched portions and extending outwardly toward the frame to form an extension of said wall opening boundary.

9. A furnace structure comprising, in combination, a frame disposed externally of the furnace chamber, a burner ring supported thereby, a refractory wall supported on the frame but spaced inwardly therefrom to afford an intervening air chamber, outer refractories supported at their outer ends on the burner ring and extending across said air chamber, said outerrefractories arranged to form a collar bounding a burner opening, inner refractories supported in the wall to form a collar portion bounding a continuation of the burner opening through the wall, and means anchoring the inner refractories to the frame to retain them in the wall but .permitting them limited individual movement relative to the outer refractories.

10. A furnace structure as specified in claim 9 and wherein said burner ring and anchoring means are exposed in the said air chamber and the latter is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet for the passing of air through the air chamher for cooling effect on the parts exposed therein.

11. A furnace structure comprising, in combination, a frame. disposed externally of the furnace chamber, a burner ring supported on the frame, a refractory wall spaced inwardly from the frame to afford an intervening air chamber, outer refractories supported at their outer ends on the burner ring and associated in the form of a collar extending across the air chamber, inner refractories disposed in the wall in the form of a collar the orifice of which together with the orifice of said first mentioned collar afford a continuous burner opening debouching into the furnace chamber, andar'ichoring means anchoring said inner refractories to the frame to prevent their displacement inwardly out of contact with the outer refractories, said anchoring means permitting said inner refractories limited movement relative to said outer refractories.

12. A furnace structure comprising, in combination, a frame, a refractory furnace wall disposed collaterally of said frame and affording a burner opening, a plurality of inner wedgeshaped refractories disposed in said wall with their divergent faces extending radially from said opening, to form a collar around said burner opening, a wind box disposed at the outer side of v the wall and spaced from said inner refractories, a plurality of outer wedge-shaped refractories disposed in complementary relationship with their inner ends adjoining said inner refractories and their outer ends supported by the frame to form a conduit leading from said wind box to said burner opening, and means anchoring the inner refractories to the frame to retain them in association with the outer refractories.

13. A furnace structure as specified in claim 12 and wherein said inner refractories are supported by the frame and the superjacent wall refractories are supported by the frame independently of the inner refractories.

14. A structural element for furnace wall construction consisting of a refractory tile of wedgeshaped cross section, the longitudinal lateral faces of which converge from the longitudinal outer face, said tile being provided with a pocket adjacent one end, which pocket has its opening in the said outer face for reception of an anchoring member, said tile being formed with a notched portion affording an inset in. the side opposite said outer face and said pocket.

15. In a furnace structure, in combination, a frame, a refractory wall supported thereon and spaced inwardly therefrom, said refractory wall including refractories arranged therein to encompass a burner opening, a burner ring supported independently of said refractory wall, and outer refractories supported by said burner ring and extending outwardly from said first mentioned refractories to form a sleeve encompassing an outward continuation of said burner opening.

16. In a furnace structure having a refractory furnace wall and a burner collar spaced outwardly therefrom and affording a burner opening, the combination of wedge-shaped refractories arranged in said wall to form a refractory collar encompassing a burner opening through the wall in coaxial alignment with said burner opening of the burner collar, an annular member connected to'said burner collar and extending toward the refractory wall. a plurality of outer refractories havingtheir outer ends disposed within and supported by said annular member, said outer refractories arranged to form a sleeve positioned coaxially with said burner openings and having its inner end adjoining said refractory collar, a frame disposed externally of the furnace wall, and

means anchoring said wedge-shaped refractories to the frame to hold them in association'with said outer refractories yet permitting them limited movement relative to one another and to said outer refractories.

17. In a furnace structure having a furnace chamber wall and a burner collar spaced outwardly therefrom and affording a burner opening, the combination of inner refractories disposed in said wall to form the boundary of a burner opening through the wall, said burner opening being coaxially aligned with the burner opening of the burner collar, outer refractories arranged to form a sleeve between said burner collar and inner refractories, said sleeve being coaxially aligned with the burner openings of the wall and burner collar and adjoining the burner collar and inner refractories, and means anchoring said inner and outer refractories in assembled position yet permitting them limited relative movement in the assembly.

18. In a furnace structure, in combination, a frame, a refractory wall spaced therefrom, inner refractories supported on the frame and arranged in the wall to form a collar, outer refractories supported on the frame and arranged to form a sleeve extending outwardly from the wall, said collar and said sleeve being coaxially aligned to form the boundary of a burner opening, and means anchoring said refractories in assembled relationship yet permitting them limited relative movement in the assembly.

19. In a furnace structure, in combination, a frame, a refractory wall spaced therefrom, an annular member secured to the frame and extending toward the wall, outer wedge-shaped refractories retained in said annular member to form a sleeve, inner wedge-shaped refractories assembled in the wall to form a collar adjoining the inner end of said sleeve, said sleeve and said collar being coaxially aligned, and means anchoring the inner wedge-shaped refractories to the frame to hold them in association with the outer wedge-shaped refractories.

20. In a furnace structure, in combination, a frame, outer refractories supported thereby and arranged to form a sleeve extending toward the furnace chamber, inner refractories arranged to form a collar encompassing the inner end of said sleeve and extending therefrom toward the furnace chamber, wall refractories arranged in adjoining association with said inner refractories and supported independently thereof, said sleeve and--collar forming the boundary of a burner opening, and means anchoring the inner refractories to the frame yet permitting them limited movement relative to the outer refractories.

21. In a furnace structure, in combination, a frame, wedge-shaped refractories supported by the frame and arranged to form a collar affording an approximately circular burner opening, said collar having a polygonal peripheral contour, and refractory wall sections supported by the frame independently of said wedge-shaped refractories in adjoining association with peripheral sides of said collar.

22. In a furnace structure having a frame and A a burner collar in fixed association with the frame, the combination of an annular member in fixed association with the burner collar, outer .refractories retained by said annular member in association to form a sleeve extending from the burner collar toward the furnace chamber, a refractory wall spaced inwardly from the burner collar, and inner refractories arranged in said wall to form a refractory collar encompassing the inner end of said sleeve and extending inwardly therefrom, said refractory collar and said sleeve encompassing a passage for admission. of fuel into the furnace, and means anchoring'the '85 inner refractories to the frame to hold them in assembled relationship with the outer refractories and burner collar yet permitting them limited movement relative thereto in the structure.

23. In a furnace structure, in combination, a wall frame, a refractory furnace wall spaced inwardly from said frame and including wedgeshaped refractories supported by the frame and arranged to form a collar encompassing an opening through the wall, the divergent faces of said wedge-shaped refractories extending radially from said opening, and means anchoring said refractories individually to the framebut allowing them limited relative movement in their assembled relationship.

- 24. In a furnace wall structure, in combination, a wall-supporting frame, a wall plate secured thereto, a refractory furnace wall supported on the frame but spaced inwardly therefrom and from said plate to form an intervening air passage, an annular member secured to the plate and extending inwardly therefrom, refractories arranged within said annular member to form a refractory sleeve extending across the air passage, inner refractories arranged in the refractory wall to form a collar affording a passage through the wall approximately in coaxial alignment with the aperture of said sleeve, and anchoring members anchoring said inner refractories to the plate to retain them against displacement inwardly or outwardly from the refractory wall yet permitting them limited relative movement in the assembled structure.

ROBERT C. DENNY.

Images