US1941911A - Calculator - Google Patents

Description

J. QUIJANO Jan. 2, 1934.

CALCULATOR originai Filed neo.

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Patented Jan. 2, 1934 PATENT OFFICE CALCULATOR Jorge Quijano, Mexico, Mexico Application December 30, 1929, Serial N0.

417,454, and in Mexico December 31, 1928. Renewed August 25, 1932 8 Claims.

This invention relates to a calculator, one of the objects being to provide a simple, compact and eflicient device of this character which can be conveniently located on a pencil, pen holder I or othersimilar article.

A further object is to provide a 4calculator by means of which simple mathematical problems can be solved.

With the foregoing and yother objects in view which will appear as the description proceeds, the invention resides in the combination and arrangementof parts and inthe details of construction hereinafter described and claimed, it being understood that changes in the precise em- 1liv bodiment of the invention herein disclosed, may

be made within the scope of what is claimed, without departing from the spirit of the invention.

In the accompanying drawings the preferred form of the invention has been shown.

In said drawings:

Figure 1 is a plan View of the calculator in position on a lead pencil or the like which is broken away.

Figure 2 is a similar view showing the number rings in section.

Figure 3 is a section on line 3 3, Figure l, the

pencil or the like being shown in elevation.

Figure 4 is a plan view of the core. y Figure 5 is an end elevation of the complete structure.

Figure 6 is a section on line 6-6, Figure 1. Figure '7 is a perspective view of one of the inner rings.

Figure 8 is a perspective view of one of `thel number rings.

Figure 9 is a plan' view of the sleeve. Figure 10 is a development'of the sleeve showing the columns of characters provided thereon.

Figure 11 is a development of a portion of the sleeve and oneof the number rings showing said ring positioned to solve a problem in multiplication.4

Referring to the figures by characters of ref-` erence, 1 designates the core of the calculator which can be solid or tubular and of any desired 1 in a sleeve 4 which is 'slidable longitudinally alongA lar succession from 1 to 0.

the core 1 and is provided, on its outer surface, with parallel columns of rcharacters rwhich .extend around the sleeve from one side to the other of the slot. As shown particularly in Figure 10, fifteen of these columns have been provided. These columns` are designated by the headings 9U, 9T, 8U, 8T, 7U, 7T, 6U, 61:1y 5U, 5Turu1Un 4U, 4Tn M3U, and 3Tn' In addition to these column designating characters each column contains the numerals 1 to 9, the numerals in each column being differently arranged for the purpose of producing the desired results from the calculating process. For the sake of compactness some of the column designating characters are located at one end of the 70A columns while the remaining onesvare located atA the other end of the columns.

Mounted for rotation on the sleeve 4 are inner rings 5 which extend between the ends of the studs 2. Each of these inner rings has a lug 6 75 extending from one edge for abutment against one of the studs while formed in the opposite edge is a notch 7; The rings are so proportioned and positioned relative to the pins that after substantially one complete rotation of a ring has .x been completed, the lug 6 will come against the adjacent stud 2 so that further rotation will be prevented unless ring 5 is shifted axially. 'I'his will cause the notch 7 to receive the adjacent stud and allow the lug 6 to pass the stud in the 851:,4 path thereof.

Secured upon and rotatable with eachof the inner rings 5 is a number ring 8one edge of which is formed with ten regularly spaced notches 9` whileextending from the other edge is a coupling finger 10. Each ring is provided with anv annular series of ten numerals ranging'in regu- I 'Ihe 0 character is located in line with the finger 10 and the finger is 'of such length that when the rings 5 are 95V; in their normalpositions on sleeve 4 said finger will have 4sliding contact with the notched edge of thenext adjoining ring as shown, for example, in Figure 1. n

When it is desiredto solve a problem in addi- 100,.

tion the ring 8 at the right of the calculator is turned in the'direction indicated by the arrow lin Figure 1 until the numeral 9 is brought to the position previously occupied by the character 0 at which time the lug 6 will be stopped 105i by contact with stud 2 in the path thereof. The sum can then be carried over into the next columnby shifting ring 8 and its inner ring 5 axially so as to move finger 10 intofthe notch 9 alined therewith and withdraw lug 6 from llO engagement with stud 2. The rings can then be moved one space at which time they will be coupled together after which the first or' unit ring can be slid back to its initial position. Thus it will become uncoupled from the tens ring and the unit ring can again be rotated after which the foregoing operation can be repeated. Thereafter the tens ring can be similarly shifted to couple with the hundreds ring. Thus a problem in addition can be carried out until all of the rings have been brought into play.

For adding together 3, 4, 5, for instance, first, the character 0 on each of two rings at the right, is brought into alinement with the heading 1U as shown in the following diagram, 1st, 2d, 3d columns representing 1st, 2d, 3d, rings and small letters on the diagram not being found in the drawings.

Then the point a of the first ring at the right which is now alined with digit 3 on the column corresponding to said heading 1U, is brought into alinement with same heading 1U, and thereby the numeral 3 on said first ring is alined with heading 1U as shown in the following diagram:

o Rings Columns in Fig. 10 3d 2d 1st 1 1U 5 12 3U. .0 0 3a 8 27 6 8 8 1 5T 9 4U 4T 3 9 9 2c Then the point b on same kiirst ring which is now alined with digit 4 on said column 1U, is brought into alinement with said heading 1U, and

thereby the numeral 7 on said rst ring is alined with heading 1U as shown in the following diagram:

, Rings Columns in Fig. 10 3d 2d 1st 1 1U 5 12 3U 0 0 7b 7o 5T 9 4U 4T 3 9 9 6 Then the point c on same first ring which is now alined with digit 5 on said column, 1U is brought into alinement with said heading 1U,

.and thereby numeral 2 on said first ring will be alined with heading 1U, as shown in the following diagram:

Rings Columns in Fig. 10 3d 2d 1st 80 1 1U 5 12 3U 0 1 2c 23 1 34 7 1 2 3a 45 2 38 567 4 2 3 4 67 3 89 1 3 4 5 89 4 16 S 4 5 6 5 5 5 6 7b 85 6 49 2 6 7 8 7 9 7 8 9 8 27 6 8 9 0 5T 9 4U 4T 3 9 0 l In this diagram numeral l on the second ring appears now also in a line with heading 1U, be cause the rstv ring has moved more than one complete turnand the second ring has thereby been moved one space as above explained.

Such results 1 and 2 now appearing respectively on first and second ring, in a line with said heading 1U, are read together as l2, sum of 3, 4, 5.

Said results, 1 and 2, can also be read on column 9U in a line respectively with the 0 charm0 acters on first and second rings. Therefore all numerals on any ring can be omitted excepting one representing (l. Then columns identical to said column 9T can be printed between the rings, in order to read more easily results on them.

In Fig. 10 the numerals 16, 48, 246, etc., do not mean respectively sixteen, forty eight, two hundred and forty six, etc., but they are read 1, 6;

4, 8; 2, 4, 6; etc., the digits of each column being no thus read separately, one by one, representing respectively digit factors, 1, 6, 4, 8, 2, 4, 6, etc. and marking respective distances proportional to the units of respective products and distances proportional to the tens of same respective products. 1u

The following statements show exactly, completely and unmistakably by means of an example, how the tens and units of any productI can be known and added separately without requiring from the operator previous knowledge or remembrance of the product.

If any point of any ring is moved, for instance, from alinement with digit 8 found in column marked 7T, Fig. 10, into alinement with line marked 11 in Fig. 10, the ring is thereby moved 125 5 spaces corresponding to tens, 5 of product 56 of 8 by 7.

Likewise, if any point of any ring is moved from alinement with digit 8 found in column marked 7U, into alinement with said line mark- 1g ed 11 in Fig. 10, same ring is moved thereby 6 spaces corresponding to units 6 of said product 56 of 8 by 7.

It is not necessary tosay that after moving the rings in such manner, it is sufficient to see 135, and count said 5 and 6 spaces, one by one for knowing such results, although I provide means for reading said results 5 and 6 without counting.

According to above example no further ex- 14,).

coupling of rings to each other, sliding sleeve and iso;

other features, are also important features to formA new combinations and to complete the object of'my invention. l

Now, for multiplying for instance, 47 by 8, the character 0 of each ring is placed in a line with the heading 1U, according to thefollowing diagram: f

. Rings Columns in Fig. 1() 3d 2d lst 9U 1 5 1 7U 1 1U 0 0 0 9 2 2 3 2 1 1 1 1 8 3 49 3 6 34 2 2 2 2 7 4 4 9 5 3 3s 3 3 6 5 38 56 2 67 4 4 4 4 5 6 7 5 8 5 5 5q 5 4 7 27 V8 8 9 6 6 6 6p 3 8 9 1 7 7 7T 7 2 9 16 4 8 8 8 8 1 9T`8U `8T 7U 9 9 9 9 vThen the point p of the first ring at the right, which is now alined with digit 7 on the column ,'8U, is brought into alinement with heading 1U, resulting thereby that numeral 6 on same rst ring will be alined with heading 1U as shown-in the following diagram:

1 Rings Columns in Fig. 10 3d 2d 1st 9U 1 5 1 7U 1 1U 0 0 6p 9 2 2 3 -2 1 l l 7 8 3 49 3 6 34. 2 2 2 8 7 f4 4 9 5 3 3S 3 9 6 5k 38 56 2 67 4 4 4 0 5,` 6, 7 5 8 5 5, 5g 1 4` 7 27 8 8 9 6 6 6 2 3 8 9 1 7 7 7T 3 2 9 16 `4 8 8 8 4 1 9T 8U 8T 7U 9 9 9 5 `Then the point q of the second ring which is nowfalined with digit 7 on the column marked 8T, is brought into alinement with the heading 1U, resulting thereby, that numeral 5 of said second ring will be alined with heading 1U as shown inthe following diagram:

, Rings Columns in Fig. 10 3d 2d 1st 9U 1 5 1 7U 1 1U 0 5g 6p 9 .2 2 3 2 1 1 6 7 8 3 49 3 6 34 2 2 71 8 7 4 4 9 5 3 3S 8 9 6 5 38 56 2 67 4 4 9 0 5 6 7 5 8 5 5 O 1 4 7 27 8 8 9 6 6 1 2 3 8 9 1 7 y7 2 3 2 9 16 4 8 8 3 4 1 9T 8U 8T 7 7T 9 9 4 5 Then the point r of the second ring which is now alined with digit 4 on the column 8U is brought into alinement with the heading 1U, resulting thereby that numeral 7 on said second ring will be alined with heading 1U as shown in the following diagram:

Rings Columns in Fig. l0 3d 2d 1st 9U 1 5 1 7U l 1U 0 77 6p 9 2 2 3 2 1 1 8 7 8 3 49 3 6 34 2 2 9 8 7 4 4 9 5 3 3S 0 9 6 5 38 56 2 67 4 4 1 0 5 6 7 5 8 5 5 2 1 4 7 27 8 8 9 6 6 3 2 3 8 9 1 7 7 4 3 2 9 6 4 s s 5g 4 1 9T 8U 8T 7 7T 9 9 6 5 Then the point s of the third ring which is V now alined with digit 4 on the column marked 8T is brought into alinement with heading 1U, resulting thereby that numeral 3 on said thirdring will be alined with heading 1U as shown in the following diagram: i

' Rings Columns in Fig. 10 l 3d 2d 1st 9U1 5 l 7Ul .1U..3s71-6p 9 2 `2 3 2 1 4 8 7 8 3 49 3 6 34 2 5 9 8 7 4 4 9 5 3 6 0 9 6 5 38 56 2 67 4 7 1 0 5 6 7 5 8 5 8 2 1 4 7 27 8 8 9 6 9 3 2 3 8 9 1 7 0 4 3 2 9 16 4 8 lA 5g 4 1,9T8U8T7 7T...9 ...265 In this diagram the results 3, 7, 6, alined with Rings 2d lst 7U 1U 0 0 3 1 1 1 6 2 2 2 7T 1 9 3 3 3 2 2' 4 4 4 34 5 l5 5 5 Then if any point p alined with 8 on column 7U is brought into alinement with heading 7U, the numeral 6 on said first ring will thereby be alined with heading 1U; and `if any point q on second ring, now alined with 8 on column 7T is brought into alinement with heading 7T, the numeral 5 on saidsecond ring will be alined with heading 1U. Then said 5 and 6 resulting yin a line-with heading 1U, will be read together as 56, product of 7 by 8.

In all modifications digits of column of Fig. 10 are marking distances proportional to the tens of the corresponding products and distances proportional to the units of same products. For instance, in column 7T, there are 5 spaces between heading 7T and 8, said 5 spaces being proportional to tens 5 of 56, product of 7 by 8; and in column 7U there are 6 spaces between heading 7U and 8, said 6 spaces being proportional to units 6 of 56, product of 7 by 8.

As shown in the above diagrams it is not necessary to have, for instance, column 1U near or close to any ring, in order to see which numeral on the ring is alined with any selected digit on the column 1U. In general, any numeral on any ring can be brought into a line with any selected digit on any column without approaching the said column to the ring, and therefore, it is not necessary to move the sleeve, although by moving this, it is preferable to approach the column to the ring to see and obtain more easily any desired alinement between numerals on the ring and digits on the column. The sleeve can be omitted, and then, the columns of Fig. l0 will be printed on the core itself.

Different colors or other distinguishing marks can be employed to better distinguish the columns, lines and numerals from each other.

on the rst ring, now

The core is preferably hollow to inclose a pencil, fountain pen, slate pencil or other similar thing.

I have described means for carrying from a ring to next ring. Such means can be omitted and then, after each complete turn of the ring the operator will move next ring one space directly with his own hand for carrying over.

What I claim is:

1. A calculator including a core, rings rotatably mounted thereon and annular columns of characters around the core, said characters representing respective factors and marking along the columns distances proportional to the tens of the corresponding products and distances proportional to the units of same products.

2. A calculator including a core, rings rotatably mounted thereon, each ring having an annular series of numerals arranged progressively from 0, l, .to 9 and annular columns of characters around the core, said characters representing and marking along the columns distances proportional to the tens of the corresponding products and distances proportional to the units of same products.

3. A calculator including a core, rings rotatably mounted thereon and a slidable sleeve having annular columns of characters, these characters representing respective factors and marking along the columns distances proportional to the tens of the corresponding products and distances proportional to the units of same products.

4. A calculatorincluding a core, rings rotatably mounted thereon, each ring bearing an annular series of numerals arranged progressively from 0, l to 9 and a sleeve having annular columns of' characters, these characters representing respective factors and marking along the columns distances proportional to the tens of the corresponding products and distances proportional to the units of same products.

5. A calculator including a core, rings rotatably mounted thereon, a non-rotatable sleeve slidable along the core and having annular columns of .'characters, these characters representing factors and marking along the columns, distances proportional to the tens of the corresponding products and distances proportional to the units of same products.

6. A calculator including a core, rings rotatably mounted thereon, means on the core for holding the ring normally against sliding movement, said means including projecting elements on the core, projections in each ring cooperating with one of said elements for limiting the rotation of the ring, there being a recess in the ring for receiving one of said elements to permit sliding movement of the ring along the core to disengage the projection on the ring, from the element in the path thereof.

7. A calculator including a core, rings rotatably mounted thereon, a non-rotatable sliding sleeve bearing annular columns of characters, these characters representing factors and marking along the columns distances proportional to the tens of the corresponding products and distances proportional to the units of same products, means on the core for holding each ring normally against sliding movement, said means including projecting elements on the core, projections on the ring cooperating with one of said elements for limiting the rotation of the ring, there being a recess in the ring for receiving one of said elements to permit limited sliding movement of the ring to disengage the projection on the ring from the element in the path thereof.

8. A calculator including a core, rings rotatably mounted thereon, each ring containing an annular series of numerals arranged progressively from 0, 1 to 9, a non-rotatable slidable sleeve bearing annular columns of characters, these characters representing factors and marking along the columns distances proportional to the tens of the corresponding products and distances proportional to the units of same products, means on the core for holding each ring normally against sliding movement, said means including projecting elements on the core, projections on the ring cooperating with one of said elements for limiting the rotation of the ring, there being a recess in the ring for receiving one of said elements to permit limited sliding movement of the ring to disengage the projection on the ring from the element in the path thereof.

JORGE QUIJ AN O.

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