US1832979A - Method of cleaning metals - Google Patents
Method of cleaning metals Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1832979A US1832979A US372221A US37222129A US1832979A US 1832979 A US1832979 A US 1832979A US 372221 A US372221 A US 372221A US 37222129 A US37222129 A US 37222129A US 1832979 A US1832979 A US 1832979A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- cleaning
- acid
- substance
- temperatures
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 37
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 13
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title description 11
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229940005657 pyrophosphoric acid Drugs 0.000 description 11
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Metaphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011538 cleaning material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000726103 Atta Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe] UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F3/00—Brightening metals by chemical means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
Definitions
- My invention relates to the cleaning of metals and especially to the treatment of metals which are coated with thin films of oxide so as to produce brightened surfaces having the characteristic color of the metal.
- time of the objects of my invention is to remove oxide films without materially atta king the metal so that the metal will pret a suitable foundation for the purpose of oldering, plating or other surfacing processes or so that the metal will present a clean brightened metallic appearance without Application filed June 19,
- Another object of my invention is to provide methods of cleaning metals which will not leave a residue of corrosion-producing substance on the cleaned metal.
- the filmed metal is treated with pyrophosphoric acid.
- the films are removed from certain metals at temperatures as low as roomtemperatures but higher temperatures are required for some metals. Temperatures up to about 300 C. may be used for a short time but temperatures between 160 C. and 250 C. are sufficiently high to brighten almost all metals. The use of temperatures not greatly in excess of those required to remove the film of ox1de and brighten the metal has a negligible roughening action on metals, and excesslve temperatures are preferably avoided.
- a thin coating of pyrophosphoric acid was placed on a smooth strip of rustless iron which had a thin film of oxide on its surface.
- the iron was heated to 160 C. to 200 C. and then washed in water.
- the cleaned iron was perfectly smooth and unetched and the characteristic color of the metal was produced by the treatment.
- the acidcoated metal may be heated or the metal may be heated and then placed in the acid so that only a thin film of the acid is heated to the required temperature. Instead of heating the metal, the bath may be heated and the 1929. Serial No. 372,221.
- colg metal may be treated with the heated acl It is not always necessary for good results to use materials consisting entirel of pyrophosphoric acid. Phosphoric acids aving a content of water less than that corresponding to orthophosphoric acid and more than that corresponding to metaphosphoric acid may be used. Significant amounts of these acids mixed with non-deleterious and inactive'substances may also be used.
- a suitable substance for carrying out my process may be made by heating orthophosphoric acid, P O 3H O, to about 160 C. untilthe melt has a water content intermediate the formula, 1 0 -311 0 which contains 0.3800 parts of 'molecularly combined water by weight per part of P 0 and P O -H O which contains 0.1267 parts of molecularly combined water by weight per part of P 0
- the substance may also formed by adding water to phosphoric anhydride or .metaphosphoric acid. These acids and pyrophosphoric acid alone have I. cleaning and brightening action at the above mentioned temperatures as distinguished from the coating action of 85% commercial phosphoric acid or of water solutions of phosphoric acids.
- the excess of cleaning material and the oxide film material may be removed from the metal by washing in water or other suitable solvent.
- the washed and cleaned object has the characteristic color of the metal of which it is composed.
- the tendency of the cleaned metal to oxidize is extremely feeble since the treatment appears to create a passive condition of the metal with respect to the formation of oxides and this condition remains for a considerable time.
- the above described process is especially useful for cleaning iron, copper, nickel, zinc and alloys containing substantial amounts of these metals and particularly the alloys of iron and chromium.
- the best temperatures for cleaning and brightening carbon steel are 190 C. to 250 C.
- Iron-chromium alloys may be cleaned and brightened at 160 C. to 200 C. while copper may be brightened at temperatures as low as ordinary room temperatures.
- the method of brightening oxide coated metal which comprises heating the metal to 160 C. to 300 C. in the presence of a pyrophosphoric acid containing substance.
- the method of cleaning oxide films 10 from metal articles which comprises coating the articles with a substance comprising pyrophosphoric acid, heating in contact with the substance to at least 160 C. to free the films from the metal and removing the freed 16 films and the excess of cleaning substance.
- the method of removing oxide coatings from metal articles which comprises treating the articles with a substance comprising pyrophosphoric acid, said substance 80 containing less than 0.3800 and more than 0.1267 parts by weight molecularly combined water per part of P 0 4.
- the method of removing oxide coatings from metal articles which comprises 2 treating the articles with a substance which contains a phosphoric acid, said acid being composed substantially of pyrophosphoric acid, the water content of said phosphoric acid being less than 0.3800 and more than 0.1267 parts by weight of molecularly combined water per part of P 0 5.
- the method of cleaning oxide films from metal articles which comprises coating the articles with a substance comprising 35 a pyrophosphoric acid containing less than 0.3800 and more than 0.1267 parts by weight of molecularly combined water per part of P heating to free the films from the metal, and removing the freed films and the excess of cleaning substance.
- the method of removing oxide coatings from metal articles which comprises applying pyrophosphoric acid.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
Description
till
Patented Nov. 24, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE HARRY S. GEORGE, OF MASSAZPEQUA, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO ELECTED METAL- LUBGICAL COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF WEST VIRGINIA METHOD OF CLEANING METALS No Drawing.
My invention relates to the cleaning of metals and especially to the treatment of metals which are coated with thin films of oxide so as to produce brightened surfaces having the characteristic color of the metal.
time of the objects of my invention is to remove oxide films without materially atta king the metal so that the metal will pret a suitable foundation for the purpose of oldering, plating or other surfacing processes or so that the metal will present a clean brightened metallic appearance without Application filed June 19,
' nrther processing.
Another object of my invention is to provide methods of cleaning metals which will not leave a residue of corrosion-producing substance on the cleaned metal.
According to my invention,the filmed metal is treated with pyrophosphoric acid. The films are removed from certain metals at temperatures as low as roomtemperatures but higher temperatures are required for some metals. Temperatures up to about 300 C. may be used for a short time but temperatures between 160 C. and 250 C. are sufficiently high to brighten almost all metals. The use of temperatures not greatly in excess of those required to remove the film of ox1de and brighten the metal has a negligible roughening action on metals, and excesslve temperatures are preferably avoided.
As a specific example of my invention, a thin coating of pyrophosphoric acid was placed on a smooth strip of rustless iron which had a thin film of oxide on its surface. The iron was heated to 160 C. to 200 C. and then washed in water. The cleaned iron was perfectly smooth and unetched and the characteristic color of the metal was produced by the treatment.
Only a thin coating of the acid is all that is usually required. Where highly resistant films are treated and temperatures above room temperatures are required, the acidcoated metal may be heated or the metal may be heated and then placed in the acid so that only a thin film of the acid is heated to the required temperature. Instead of heating the metal, the bath may be heated and the 1929. Serial No. 372,221.
colg metal may be treated with the heated acl It is not always necessary for good results to use materials consisting entirel of pyrophosphoric acid. Phosphoric acids aving a content of water less than that corresponding to orthophosphoric acid and more than that corresponding to metaphosphoric acid may be used. Significant amounts of these acids mixed with non-deleterious and inactive'substances may also be used.
A suitable substance for carrying out my process may be made by heating orthophosphoric acid, P O 3H O, to about 160 C. untilthe melt has a water content intermediate the formula, 1 0 -311 0 which contains 0.3800 parts of 'molecularly combined water by weight per part of P 0 and P O -H O which contains 0.1267 parts of molecularly combined water by weight per part of P 0 The substance may also formed by adding water to phosphoric anhydride or .metaphosphoric acid. These acids and pyrophosphoric acid alone have I. cleaning and brightening action at the above mentioned temperatures as distinguished from the coating action of 85% commercial phosphoric acid or of water solutions of phosphoric acids.
After the cleaning material has acted upon the filmed metal, the excess of cleaning material and the oxide film material may be removed from the metal by washing in water or other suitable solvent. The washed and cleaned object has the characteristic color of the metal of which it is composed. The tendency of the cleaned metal to oxidize is extremely feeble since the treatment appears to create a passive condition of the metal with respect to the formation of oxides and this condition remains for a considerable time. i
The above described process is especially useful for cleaning iron, copper, nickel, zinc and alloys containing substantial amounts of these metals and particularly the alloys of iron and chromium. The best temperatures for cleaning and brightening carbon steel are 190 C. to 250 C. Iron-chromium alloys may be cleaned and brightened at 160 C. to 200 C. while copper may be brightened at temperatures as low as ordinary room temperatures.
I claim as my invention:
5 1. The method of brightening oxide coated metal which comprises heating the metal to 160 C. to 300 C. in the presence of a pyrophosphoric acid containing substance.
2. The method of cleaning oxide films 10 from metal articles which comprises coating the articles with a substance comprising pyrophosphoric acid, heating in contact with the substance to at least 160 C. to free the films from the metal and removing the freed 16 films and the excess of cleaning substance.
3. The method of removing oxide coatings from metal articles which comprises treating the articles with a substance comprising pyrophosphoric acid, said substance 80 containing less than 0.3800 and more than 0.1267 parts by weight molecularly combined water per part of P 0 4. The method of removing oxide coatings from metal articles which comprises 2 treating the articles with a substance which contains a phosphoric acid, said acid being composed substantially of pyrophosphoric acid, the water content of said phosphoric acid being less than 0.3800 and more than 0.1267 parts by weight of molecularly combined water per part of P 0 5. The method of cleaning oxide films from metal articles which comprises coating the articles with a substance comprising 35 a pyrophosphoric acid containing less than 0.3800 and more than 0.1267 parts by weight of molecularly combined water per part of P heating to free the films from the metal, and removing the freed films and the excess of cleaning substance.
6. The method of removing oxide coatings from metal articles which comprises applying pyrophosphoric acid.
7 The method oiiremoving oxide coatings from metal articles which comprises applyin pyrophosphoric acid and heating.
n testimony whereof, I aifix my signature.
HARRY S. GEORGE.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US372221A US1832979A (en) | 1929-06-19 | 1929-06-19 | Method of cleaning metals |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US372221A US1832979A (en) | 1929-06-19 | 1929-06-19 | Method of cleaning metals |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1832979A true US1832979A (en) | 1931-11-24 |
Family
ID=23467210
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US372221A Expired - Lifetime US1832979A (en) | 1929-06-19 | 1929-06-19 | Method of cleaning metals |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1832979A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2476345A (en) * | 1946-09-03 | 1949-07-19 | Zavarella Arthur | Process for phosphating stainless steel surfaces |
| US5279707A (en) * | 1992-10-23 | 1994-01-18 | Time Savers | Die discoloration remover solution and method |
| US5380451A (en) * | 1992-09-17 | 1995-01-10 | Rieger; Franz | Bath for the pre-treatment of light metals |
| US5932019A (en) * | 1997-06-30 | 1999-08-03 | United States Gypsum Company | Method for cleaning and minimizing the buildup of set gypsum |
-
1929
- 1929-06-19 US US372221A patent/US1832979A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2476345A (en) * | 1946-09-03 | 1949-07-19 | Zavarella Arthur | Process for phosphating stainless steel surfaces |
| US5380451A (en) * | 1992-09-17 | 1995-01-10 | Rieger; Franz | Bath for the pre-treatment of light metals |
| US5534296A (en) * | 1992-09-17 | 1996-07-09 | Rieger; Franz | Process for the pre-treatment of light metals and articles produced |
| US5279707A (en) * | 1992-10-23 | 1994-01-18 | Time Savers | Die discoloration remover solution and method |
| US5932019A (en) * | 1997-06-30 | 1999-08-03 | United States Gypsum Company | Method for cleaning and minimizing the buildup of set gypsum |
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