US1829259A - Process of making slow-setting casein glue, and dry base for use in such processes - Google Patents

Description

Patented @ct. 27, 1931 l'l'ED STATES l LAWRENCE BRADSHAW AND HENRY V. DUNHAM, OF BAINBRIDGE, NEW YORK, AS- SIGNORS, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO THE CASEIN MANUFACTURING COMPANY OF AMERICA, INC., OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE PROCESS OF SLOW-SETTING CASEIN GLUE, AND DRY BASE FOR USE IN SUCH PROCESSES No Drawing.

10, of time which may elapse between the initial mixing with water and the point at which the glue sets, i. e., becomes too thick to spread. Various methods have been proposed to con trol this interval, generally termed the life "15 of the glue, such as the addition of animal glue or salts of the alkali or alkaline earth metals. The use of animal glue for this purpose' is uneconomical, since its natural strength, which otherwise would contribute to the adhesiveness of the mixture, depreciates considerably under these conditions. The addition tocasein glues and adhesive compositions, of alkali metal phosphates,

.fluorides and other salts which by interaction 25 with lime liberate caustic alkalies is undesirable beyond a certain point; that is to say,

any large excess of alkali over the amountsp required to dissolve the casein and to impart a proper consistency and ultimate water-re- 30 sisting property to the glue or adhesive is to be avoided since the caustic alkali thus produced causes hydrolysis of the casein and consequent loss of strength.

We have now found that soybean meal added to casein glues and adhesive compositions has a marked effect in retarding the setting thereof, thereby extending the life of such glues and adhesive compositions. As exam les, the rates of change in the viscosity o a commercial casein glue- (A) and of the same glue with respectively 7 (B), 15% (C) and 30% (D), of pulverized soybean meal added (in place of equivalent amounts of the casein) are compared below.- The values represent readings on the Stormer viscosimeter (provided with a 500 gram weight)-at, regular intervals after mixing, the conditions of making the four liquid glues A, B, C and D being identical in every respect, except as to the addition or omis- Application filed May 19, 1926. Serial No. 110,298.

sion of the stated amounts of soybean meal.

The commercial casein glue here referred to was a mixture of dry casein, alkaline salts of sodium, sodium fiuori-de and hydrated lime, mixed together in proportions similar tothose described in the present application. The said commercial casein glue base and each of the composite glue bases referred to herein were mixed in every case with double their weight of water at approximately 60 F., and the measurements of the viscosities of the glues thus prepared were made at a constant temperature of 70 F.

| 1211'. Bhrs. BhrS. 7111's. Qhrs. 11 hrs. 13 hrs.

A 26 9 2 set i B 30 24 11 6 2% 2 1% C 24 17 12 7 4 3 2 D 22 14 10 9 7 6 6 .smoother glue is obtained.

By the term 80 mesh as used above and in certain of the claims, we mean that the meal should be of such a degree of fineness as to pass through an 80 mesh standard screen without leaving any substantial residue. The particles are not of uniform size. While the coarsest grains may approximate 80 mesh, it is obvious that, in the milling process, a considerable proportion of the particles are reduced to much smaller dimensions.

In carrying out the invention the casein is mixed with an appropriate amount of the soybean meal, and to this mixture is added an alkaline earth oxide or hydroxide with or without one or more water soluble alkali metal salts, preferably those which by them- I selves react alkaline to litmus and are capable of dissolving the casein and the proteids of the soybean meal. The salts are such as react with hydrated lime, in the resence of water, to liberate caustic alkali, ib. g. caustic soda). It is well known that caustic alkali and alkaline-reacting salts of alkali metals both are capable (in the lpresence of water) of dissolving casein, and t ey both also can dissolve the proteids of the. soybean meal. The alkali metalsalts of alkaline charpresent and the water will then serve to re- I act upon the casein and the proteids contained in the soybean meal. Likewise on adding water to a mixture of the casein, soybean meal and lime, the lime and water will react with the said proteids.

The followin examples of mixes which have given satis actory results when applied to 'ointsand laminated woods will serve to dehne more particularly the character of the invention, but we do not desire to be limited to the particular compounds or proportions herein set forth. The parts are by weight.

In referring to an alkaline earth oxide or hydroxide-we include, for the sake of convenience, the oxide and hydroxide of magnesium.

Examplel Casein parts; soybean meal (120 mesh) 10 parts; hydrated lime 15 parts; sodium fluoride 5 parts; sodium carbonate 5 parts; sodium phosphate 3 parts.

Emample 2 'Casein 35 parts; soybean meal '30 parts; hydrated lime 20 parts; sodium fluoride 4 parts; sodium carbonate 9 parts.

Example 3 Casein 50 parts; soybean meal 20 parts, hydrated lime 15 parts; magnesium oxide 5 parts; sodium fluoride 7 parts; trisodium phosphate 3 parts.

Ewample Casein 40 parts; soybean meal..32- parts; hydrated lime 18 parts, sodium fluoride 2 parts; sodium carbonate 7 parts; sodium arsenate 1 part.

These examples indicate the dry materials which are mixed together to form the dry" glue base. The dry mixture is to be subsequently incorporated with water by the is prolonged.

methods well knowh to users of casein glues. We prefer to use from 2 to 2 parts of cold water to 1 part of the dr base. The water is put into a kettle provi ed with an eflicient stirring device; the dry gluebase (e. g. one of the above formulas) is added slowly and mixed thoroughly for about 20 minutes and is then ready for use.

The term casein is used herein in its usual meaning, to denotecertain phosphoproteid matter contained in milkand ski milk, such as cows milk, etc.

The soybean meal preferably used is the product obtained by grinding the cake left in the presses after expressing the major portion of the oil; it usually contains about that the further removal of oil by treatment the oil from the seed with suitable solvents 6, to 8% of residual oil. It will be understood (e. g. after crushing) are not precluded. The

term soybean meal is intended to cover-- such products, as distinguished from soybean containing the full natural oil content.

The addition of soybean meal to casein glues, in place of the cottonseed meal and peanut meal as described and claimed in our application under Serial Number 99,423 is preferable in cases where a light colored glue is required, as the commercial meals of cottonseed and peanut containnatural coloring matters which detract from the appearance of the glues in which they are used. It is understood that in such cases we prefer to use meal from the light colored varieties of soybean, such as the Manchurian yellow, rather than the inferior blue and black varieties which yield darker glues.

The term alkaline earth oxide as used herein is intended to include the unhydrated as well as the hydrated oxides (hydroxides). The term a salt is intended to cover one or severalsalts.

No claim is made herein to the use of casein or to the use of soybean meal, alone, as the base of the adhesive, but to the jointfuse of these, whereby the life of the adhesive with casein glues, of the extracted and reprecipitated soybean proteids, along I with casein. I

We claim i 1. A dry glue base containing a quantity of casein, a smaller quantity of soybean meal and an alkaline earthoxide together with a water-soluble alkali metal salt which can re- No claim is made to the use,

act with lime in the presence of water to form caustic alkali and a precipitate,-the said salt and alkaline earth oxide being in amounts sufficient for the reaction products and water to dissolve the casein and the proteids of the soybean meal, such base being adapted, upon mixing with water, to form an adhesive, which adhesive will have a longer period of workable viscosity than would a similar composition without the soybean meal and with-the casein correspondingly increased.

2. A new dry glue base containing casein, soybean meal and an alkaline earth oxide, the latter being in amount sufficient to react with the casein and the proteids in said soybean meal, such base being adapted upon mixing with water, to form an adhesive, which adhesive will have a longer period of workable viscosity than would a similar composition without the soybean meal and with the casein correspondingly increased.

3. A new dry base for the manufacture of adhesive material comprising a quantity of casein, incorporated with a smaller quantity of soybean meal ground to pass an 80 mesh screen, and an alkaline earth oxide capable of, and in amount sufficient for reacting with the casein and the proteids of the soybean meal, when water is added, such base being adapted, upon mixing with water, to form an adhesive, which adhesive will have a longer period of workable viscosity than would a similar composition ,without the soybean meal and with the casein correspondingly increased.

4. A new dry base for the manufacture of adhesive material comprising casein, incorporated with soybeanmeal ground to pass a 120 mesh screen, and an alkaline earth oxide capable of, and in amount sufiicient for reacting with the casein and the proteids of the soybean meal, when water is added, such base being adapted, upon mixing with water, to form an adhesive, which adhesive will have a longer period of workable viscosity than would a similar composition without the soybean meal and with the casein cor-respondingly increased.

5. A new dry base for the manufacture of adhesive material comprising a quantity of casein, incorporated with a smaller quantity of soybean meal ground to pass a screen finer than 120 mesh, and an alkaline earth oxide capable of, and in amount sufiicient for reacting with the casein and the proteids of the soybean meal, when water is added, such base being adapted, upon mixing with water, to form an adhesive, which adhesive will have a longer period of workable viscosity than would a similar composition without the soybean meal and with the casein correspondingly increased.

6. A new dry base for the manufacture of adhesive compositions, comprising casein incorporated with soybean meal ground to pass an mesh screen, an alkaline earth oxide and an alkali metal salt capable, in the presence of water, of dissolving the casein and the proteids" of the soybean meal, the total amounts of such alkaline earth oxide material and of such alkali metal salt being sufficient,

the casein and the proteids of the soybean meal, and the amount of such casein being greater than the amount of such soybean meal, such base being adapted, upon mixing with water, to form an adhesive, which adhesive will have a longer period of workable viscosity than would a similar composition without the soybean meal and with the casein correspondingly increased.

7. A new dry base for the manufacture of adhesive compositions, comprising casein incorporated with soybean meal from which a large part at least of the oil has been removed, ground to substantially all pass through an 80 mesh screen, and an alkali metal salt capable o. dissolving the casein and the proteids of the soybean meal, together with an alkaline earth oxide, the said salt and oxide being in amounts, in conjunction with the reaction products formed, sufficient to dissolve the casein and the proteids of the soybean meal when water is added, such base being adapted, upon mixing with water, to form an adhesive, which adhesive will have a longer period of workable vis cosity than would a similar composition withoutthe soybean meal and with the casein correspondingly increased.

8. A-I18W dry base for the manufacture of adhesive compositions comprising a quantity of casein incorporated with a smaller quantity of soybean meal from which atleast a part of the oil has been removed, ground to substantially all pass through an 80 mesh screen, and an alkaline alkali metal compound capable of dissolving the casein and the proteids of the soybean meal, when water is added, together with slaked lime, the said alkali metal compound and lime being in amount sufiicient to dissolve the casein and the proteids of the soybean meal, such base being adapted, upon mixing with water, to foran an adhesive, which adhesive will have a longer period of workable viscosity than would a similar composition without the soybean meal and with the casein correspondingly increased.

9. A dryglue base containing casein, soybean meal and an alkaline earth oxide, to-

get-her with a water-soluble alkali metal salt which can react with lime in the presence of water to form caustic alkali and a precipitate, the said salt and alkaline earth oxide being in amounts suflicient for the reaction products and Water to dissolve the casein and the proteids of the soybean meal, such base being adapted, upon mixing with water, to form an adhesive.

10. A novel material in the glue art, the

same being an intimate dry mixture of casein and soybean meal, the former being in excess of the latter.

11. A novel material in the glue art, the

same being an intimate dry mixture of casein and soybean meal, the amount of such casein being substantially greater than the amount of protein contained in the soybean meal.

12. The method of producing a glue of I comparatively long working life from a dry glue base including casein, a water-soluble alkali metal salt which is alkaline to litmus, and an alkaline earth metal oxide, which process comprises incorporating soybean meal in such dry glue base, and thereafter mixing this new glue base with water, the proportion of the soybean meal used being sulficient to retard the setting of the glue produced by said admixture with Water.

13. A dry gluebas'e containing casein, soybean meal and lime, the latter being in amount sufiicient to react with the casein and the proteids in said soybean-meal. In testimony whereof we. aflix our signatures.

LAWRENCE BRADSHAW.

- HENRY v. DUNHAM.