US1824084A - Boiler - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 22, 1931. D. s. JACOBUS BOILER Filed March 9, 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet l W-yMLMNVENTOR AT TORNEY Sept. 22, 1931. D. S.'JACOBUS BOILER Filed March 9, 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Fi5 Z OOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 00000000 0 O O O U D O O O O O O O O O O 0 O a o l W O O O O O O O O O o O O O O O O O O O o O O O O O O O O O O O O O n O O O O O O D O O O O O O o O i INVEN TOR jail] ATTORN EYJ Sept. 22, 1931. D. s. JACOBUS BOILER Filed March 9, 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR 7 BY I ATTQRNEY-5 Patented Sept. 22, 198i UNETED STATES PATENT orrlcs DAVID S. JAGOIBUS, F MONTCLAIR, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO THE BABCOCK & WILCOX COMPANY, OF BAYONNE, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY BOILER Application filed March 9,

This invention relates to a water a tube boiler that is provided with a boiler section having a vertically disposed water wall section connected to a steam and water drum,

a section of larger heating surface comprising inclined tubes and headers connected to this same steam and water drum, and an economizer section of still larger heating surface, one end of the economizer section 0 being connected to the steam and water drum. The hot products of combustion heat the water wall section, then the inclined tube section, then the economizer section and afterwards pass through an air heater. The inven- 5 tion will be understood from the description in connection with the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 is a vertical .section through an illustrative embodiment of the invention; Fig. 2 isa section taken along 0 the line 2-2 of Fig. 1; and Fig. 3 is a section taken along the line 33 of Fig. 1.

In the drawings reference character 1 indicates a furnace that may be fired with pulverized fuel by means of fuel burners. The

5 front wall of the furnace is shown at 2, the rear wall at 3 and the side walls at 4. A vertically disposed row 5 of water tubes is located along the front wall of the furnace. The lower ends of these tubes enter a header G and the upper ends are bent inwardly along a reverse bend, and enter an upper header 7. The lower header 6 is spring supported by means of the springs 8 upon an I-beam 9, and the upper header 7 is supported upon I-beams 10. 9

A vertically disposed row 11 of water tubes is located along the rear wall 3 of the furnace. The lower ends of these tubesenter a header 12 and the upper ends are bent outwardly and enter an upper header 13. The header 12 is spring supported by means of the springs 14 upon an I-beam 15 and the other header 13 is supported 'upon I-beams 16.

A V-shaped ash hopper 17 is provided at the lower end of the furnace and rows of inclined tubes 18 extend along the sides of the ash hopper from the headers 6 and 12 to lower spring supported headers 19, these tubes 18 being curved outwardly near their ;0 lower ends where a narrow outlet is pro- C uptake. hea ers 1928. Serial No. 260,355.

vided at the bottom of the ash hopper. An ash and slag pit 20is provided below the ash hopper and'means 21 are somewhat diagrammatically indicated for removing the ashes and slag.

A row 23 of vertically disposed tubes is provided along each side wall 4 of the furnace. The lower ends of the tubes 23 are bent outwardly and enter headers 24 on opposite sides of the furnace and the upper ends are likewise bent outwardly and enter upper headers 25 on opposite sides of the furnace.

Tubes 28 extend from near opposite ends of a steam and water drum 29 of a Babcock & lVilcox type boiler that is located above the furnace, to the upper portions of vertical headers 30 on opposite sides of the furnace. Another group of tubes 31 extends from each end of the drum 29 to lower portions of the vertical headers 30. Pipes'30 connect the headers 30 with corresponding lower vertical headers 30". Tubes 32 ext-end from the vertical header 30" to the ends of the headers 19 and tubes 33 extend from the headers 30" to the ends of the headers 24. Tubes 34 extend from near the ends of the upper header 7-. over the roof of the furnace into the steam space of the steam and water drum 29 behind a baffle 35. Tubes 36 extend from near the ends of the upper header 13 to the steam space of the steam and water drum 29 behind the baflle 35 and tubes 37 and 37 extend from near opposite ends. of the headers 25 into the steam space of the steam and watake headers 39. A mud drum 40 is con-o nected by nipples to the lower ends of the headers 39 and a drain 41 is provided for the mud drum. A bank 42 of inclined tubes extends from the headers 39 across the upper ortion of the furnace into 43. Girculating tubes 44 connect the upper ends of the headers 43 to the steam space of the steam and water drum 29 behind the battle 35.

A tube 45 extends from the steam space of the steam and water drum 29 to the inlet,

header of the superheater 46 and an outheater.

upon the tubes 42 by means of cross supports 46', and, in order to revent the weight from being supported by t e upper row of tubes 42 alone, cross baflles 46" extend across several of the upper rows of tubes 42. These baflies are made of metal plates that connect the upper rows of tubes together and serve to distribute the weight of the superheater over a plurality of rows of these tubes. One ofthe baflies 46" is located below the baflle 42' near its upper end and does not extend entirely across the boiler but may extend across only about one half of the tubes 42 so that the portions of the tubes 42 .which come between this bafile and the headers 39 are swept over by the gases. A water gauge 48 is provided for indicating the water level in the drum 29 and safety valve connections 49 are provided on the drum 29.

A baflie 5 0 is laid along the top side of the superheater 46 and the length thereof longitudinally of the superheater tubes can be made suitable for adjusting the amount of superheat that can be obtained from the superheater by varying the manner in which the gases pass along and across the'superheater tubes, after they pass over the bank of tubes 42. The gases then pass into the outlet '51 at the upper end of the economizer flue 52. A protecting bailie 50' is provided at the rear of the superheater headers so that there is a space along the sides of the superheater headers communicating with the gas stream.

A row of economizer headers 56 is provided with the headers lying in a vertical row and U-tubes' 57 connect each header to the next one above and extend across the economizer fluev52. A feed water inlet is connected to the lowermost one o t e example, in-the arrangement shown in Fig.

1, there is a singlepass for the gases across both the inclined tubes of the boiler and the tubes of the economizer, while theenumber of rows of tubes in the economizer is fortyv eight and the number of rows of inclined tubes in the=boiler is seven so that, in the embodiment there illustrated, the product of i the number of rows of tubes (48) in the economizer times the number of gas passes (1) thereover is 48, while the number'of rows of inclined tubes (7) in the boiler times the number of gas passes (1) thereover is 7, so

that the ratio of the product of the one to that of the other is considerably in excess of four.

A row of tubes 59 leads from the uppermost header 56 into the steam space of the a steam and water drum 29 behind the bafile 35. An entrance 61 is provided from the lower end of the economizer flue-52 to an air tubular heater 62 from which an exit 63 leads to a stack. The inlet for cold air is indicated at 64 and an outlet for heated air at 65.

The operation is as follows: The hot products of combustion in the furnace 1 give up a portion of their heat to the furnace side wall cooling tubes andcrise, passing in a single pass across the bank of inclined tubes 42 and superheater tubes 46, and then pass through the opening 51 into the upper end of the econoimzer flue 52, thence downward and through the entrance 61 through the air heater 621 Feed water enters through the feed water inlet pipe 55 into the lowest header 56 and passes through the U'-tubes 57 into higher headers. The heated water and steam passes from the uppermost header 56 through Else tubes 59 into the steam and water drum Some of the water from the drum 29 passes through the nipples 38 into the downt ake headers 39, thence through inclined tubes 42 into the uptake headers 43 and the mixture of steam and water passes through the circulating tubes 44 into the steam and water drum 29. Another portion of the water passes downwardly through the tubes 28 and 31 into the vertical headers 30.

The water passes from the headers 30 through the pipes 30' to the headers 30. Some of the water entering the headers 30" passes through the tubes 32 into the headers 19, thence u wardly through the tubes 18 into the headiers 6 and 12, thence upwardly through the front wall tubes 5 and rear wall tubes 11 into the headers 7 and 13,"thence through the tubes 34 and 36 into the steam space of the steam and water drum 29.

\ The remainder of the water entering the headers 30" passes through the tubes 33 into the lower through the side wall furnace tubes 23 into the upper headers 25, thence through the tubes 3 and 37' into the steam and water The furnace wall section of the boiler is made 'with an amount of heating surface less than the section comprising the inclined tubes 42, and the section comprising the in- "clined tubes 4a is made with less heating surface than the economizer so that as the gases are cooled, they give up their heat to-inereasmg areas of heating surfaces and finally pass eaders 24, thence upwardly asaaoee upwardly through the air heater 62. A boiler made in accordance with this invention has been found to operate satisfactorily with approximately 60 square feet of boiler heating surface to 25 square feet of furnace heating surface to 85 square feet of economizer heating surface to 49 square feet of superheater heating surface. It has been found that with these proportions of heating surfaces steaming will take place in the economizer at the higher ratings.

I claim:

1. The combination with a combustion chamber of a water tube boiler comprising at leastthree distinct groups of steam generating tubes arranged to be subjected successively to the heating effect of said combustion chamber, oneof said groups being con- 'structed to produce a natural water circulation therein and including a plurality of wall tubes subject to the radiant heat of said chamber, another of said groups succeeding said first named and being constructed to produce a natural water circulation therein and including a steam and water separator through which the water of both of said natural circulation groups is circulated, a third group of steam generating tubes succeeding the second group relative to gas flow from the combustion chamber thereby to be contacted with gases from which a portion of their heat has been given up to said first and second named groups, said third group being connected to said steam and water separator, the heat transfer surfaces of the three groups beingso related to each other and to the heat output of the combustion chamber as to insure that the gases entering the third group of tubes shall be of such quantity and temperature asto progressively heat the water passing therethrough from its inlet temperature to its boiling point andthen' to evaporate a portion thereo 2. The combination with a a combustion chamber of a single pass water tube boiler comprising at least three distinct groups of steam generating tubes arranged to be subj ected successively to the heating effect of said combustion chamber, one of said groups being constructed to produce a natural circulation therein and including a plurality of wall tubes subject to the radiant heat of said chamber, another of said groups succeeding said first named group relative to gas flow and being constructed to produce a natural water circulation therein and including a steam and water separator through which water of both of said natural circulationgroups iscirculated, a third group of s eam generating tubes succeeding said second group relative to gas flow from the combustion chamber thereby to be contacted with gases from which a portion pf their heat has been given up to said second named group, the heat transfer grouprelative 'to *gas fiow surfaces of the three groups being so related to each other and to the heat output of the combustion chamber as to insure that the gases entering the third group of tubes shall 'be of such quantity and temperature as to progressively heat the water passing therethrough from its inlet temperature to its boiling point and then to evaporate a portion thereof and connections for delivering the mixture of steam and water from said third named group to said steam and water separator.

3. A boiler setting having a combustion chamber, a water tube boiler comprising at a least three groups of steam generating tubes arranged to be subjected successively to heating gases leaving said combustion chamber, one of said groups within the boiler setting being constructed to produce a natural Water circulation therein and including a plurality of wall tubes subject to the radiant heat of said chamber, another of said groups succeed- -ing said first-named group relative to gas flow constructed to produce a natural water circulation therein and including a steam and water separator through which the water of both of said natural circulation groups is circulated, a third group succeeding the firstnamed groups relative to gas flow from the combustion chamber whereby to be contacted with gases from which a portion of their heat has been given up to said first-named groups, said third-named group comprising a multiplicity of tubes in parallel having a materially greater heat transfer surface than that of the first group and arranged to provide definitely pre-determined flow paths insuring a continuously progressive forced water flow from inlet thereto to discharge therefrom, the heat transfer surfaces of the three groups being so related to each other and to heat output from the combustion chamber as to insure that the gases enterin the third group shall be of such quantity and temperature as to progressively heat the water passing therethrough from its inlet temperature to its boiling point and then to evaporate a portion thereof, said forced flow group having a water pressure supply to its inlet end for insuring such'progressive water flow through the group, steam and water conducting means from the discharge of said forced flow group to said separator and a superheater located in the path of gas flow between said groups of tubes.

4. A boiler setting having a combustion chamber, a water tube boiler comprising at least three distinct groups of steam generating tubes arranged to be subjected successively to heating gases leaving said combustionchamber, one of said boiler setting being constructed to produce a natural water circulation therein and'including a plurality of wall tubes subject to the V radiant heat of said chamber, another of said groups within the groups succeeding said first named group relative to gas flow constructed to produce a natural water circulation therein and including a steam and water separator through which the water of both of said natural circulation groups is circulated, a third group succeeding the first named groups relative to gas flow from the combustion chamber whereby to be contacted with gases from which aportion of their heat has been given up to said first named groups, said third named group comprising amultiplicity of tubes in parallel, having a materially greater heat transfer surface than that of the first group and arranged to provide definitely pre-determined flow paths insurin a continuously progressive forced water discharge therefrom, the heat transfer surfaces of the three groups being so related to each other and to heat output from. the combustion chamber as to insure that the gases entering the third group shall be of such quantity and temperature as to progressively heat the water passing therethrough from its inlet temperature to its boiling point and to then evaporate a portion thereof, said forced flow group having a water pressure supply to its inlet end for insuring such progressive water flow through the'group, steam and water conducting means from the discha rge of said forced flow roup to said'separator, all of the water passing into the natural circulation groupsbeing received from said pressure supply only after passage through said forced flow group.

5. A boiler setting having a combustion chamber, a water tube boiler comprising at least three distinct groups of steam generating tubes arranged to be subjected successively to heating gases leaving said combustion chamber, one of said groups within the boiler setting being constructed to produce a natural water circulation therein and including a plurality of wall tubes subject to the which the water of said natural circulation groups is circulated, a third group succeeding the first named groups relative to'gas flow from the combustion chamber whereby to be contacted with gases from which a portion oftheir heat has been given up to said first named groups,*said third named group comprising a multiplicity of tubes in paral- 'lel, having a materially greater heat transfer surface than that of the first group and arranged to provide definitely predetermined iflow paths insuring aocontinuously progressive forced water flow from inlet thereto to discharge-therefrom, the heat transfer'surfaces of the three groups bein so related toeach other and to heat output our the comow from inlet thereto to 9 bustion chamber as to insure that the gases entering the third group shall be of such quantity and temperature as to progressively heat the water passing therethrough from its inlet temperature to its boiling point and to then evaporate a portion thereof, said forced flow group having a water pressure supply to its inlet end for insuring such progressive water flow through the group, all of the water passing into the natural circulation groups being received from said pressure supply only after passage through said forced flow group, and a multiple number of connections from the discharge end of said forced flow group to said steam and water separator. i

6. A boiler setting having a combustionchamber, a water tube boiler comprising at least three distinct groups of steam generatingtubes arranged to be subjected successively to heating gases leaving said combustion chamber, one of said groups-within the boiler setting being constructed to produce a natural water circulation therein, and including a plurality of wall tubes subject to the radiant heat of said chamber, another of said groups succeeding said first named group relative to gas flow constructed to produce a natural water circulation therein, a third group succeeding the first named groups relative to gas flow from the combustion cham ber whereby to be contacted with gases from which a portion of their heat has been given upto said first named group, said third named group having amaterially greater heat transfer surface than that of the first group and arranged'to provide definitely predetermined flowpaths insuring a continuously progressive forced water flow from inlet thereto to discharge therefrom, the heat transfer surfaces of the three groups being so related to each other and to heat output from the combustion chamber as to insure that the gases entering the third group shall be of such quantity and temperature as to progressively heat the water passing therethrough from its inlet temperature to its boiling point and then to evaporate a portion thereof, said thir d named group having a water pressure supply to its inlet end for insuring a progressive flow through the group, steam and water conducting means between the discharge of said third named group and said natural circulation groups and a superheater located inthe path of gas flow between said groups of tubes.

7 The combination with a combustion chamber of a water tube boiler comprising at least three distinct grou s of steam gencrating tubesarraiiged to be subjected successively to the heating elfect of said combustion chamber, one (if said groups being constructed to produce a natural water circulation therein and including a lurality of wall tubes subject tothe radiant eat of said chamber, another of said groups succeeding said first named group relative to gas flow and being constructed to produce a natural Water circulation therein and including a steam and water separator through which the water of both of said-natural circulation groups is circulated, said natural circulation 7 groups being independent of each other at least on-their rising steam sides, a third v group of steam generating tubes succeeding the second group relative to gas flow from the combustion chamber thereby to be contacted with gases from which a portion of their heat has been given up to said first and second named groups, said third group being connected to said steam and water separator, the heat transfer surfaces of the three groups being so related to each other and to the heat output of the combustion chamber as to insure that the gases entering the third group of tubes shall be of such quantity and temperature as to progressively heat the, wa-

ter passing therethrough from its inlet tem perature to its boiling point and then to evaporate a portion thereof.

8. The combination with a combustion chamber of a water tube boiler comprising at least three distinct groups of steam generating tubes arranged to be subjected successively to the heating effect of said combustion chamber, one of said groups being constructed to produce a natural water circulation therein and including a plurality of wall tubes subject to the radiant heat of said chamber, some of said Wall tubes extending outwardly to provide an enlarged combustion chamber, another of said groups succeeding said first named group relative to gas flow and being constructed to produce a natural water circulation therein and ineluding a steam and waterseparator through which the water of both of said natural circulation groups is circulated, a third group of steam generating tubes succeeding the second group relative to as flow-from the combustion chamber thereby to be contacted with gases from which a portion of their heat has been given up to said first and second named groups, said third group being connected to said steam and water separator,

the heat transfer surfaces of the three groups being so related to each other and to the heat output of the combustion chamber as to insure that the gases entering the third group of tubes shall be of such quantity and temperature as to progressively heat the water passing therethrough from its inlet temperature to its boiling point and then to evaporate a portion thereof.

9. The combination with a combustion chamber, of a single pass water tube boiler comprising several distinct groups-of water tubes arranged to be successively subjected to the heatin effect produced in said combustlon cham er, one of said groups being tion therein and including a steam and water separator through which the water of both said natural circulation groups is circulated, and still another group of water tubes succeeding the last named group relative to gas flow from the combustion chamber thereby to be contacted with %aSeS from which a portion of their heat has een given up to the preceding groups and having heat transfer surface greater than either of the other" groups, said last mentioned group comprising a multiplicity of tubes in parallel and arranged to provide definitely pre determined flow paths individually connect.- ed to said steam'and water separator insuring a continuously progressive forced water flow from inlet thereto to discharge therefrom, such forced flow-group having a water pressure supply to its inlet end for insuring such progressive water flow through the in the path of gas flow beyond the initial and intermediate groups of tubes and receiving steam from said steam and water sep arator.

DAVID S. JACOBUS.

Images