US1823015A - Method of treating tricalcium phosphate - Google Patents

Description

f atentecl Sept. 15, 1931 UNITED STATES FATE r OFFICE HAROLD E. WHITE, OF BUTLER, PENNSYLVANIA METHOD OF TREATING TRICATIGIUM PHOSPHATE No Drawing.

duced by various methods, one of such methods depending upon the reduction of calcium sulphate by means of carbon. This has been accomplished according to the following reaction:

Another method of producingcalcium sulphide has been accomplished by passing hydrogen sulphide gas over red hot lime according to the following reaction:

Ca0 H S CaS +H O The first above mentioned process requires a high temperature and is best performed in an electric furnace. The second above named process requires elaborate equipment and an expensive gas which must be first generated before the process is begun.

l/Vhen the sulphides of the heavy metals (such as lead sulphide, cuprous sulphide, zinc sulphide, iron sulphide and iron disulphide (or iron pyrites) are roasted or smelted in order to get rid of the sulphur, the reaction causes much loss of heat since it is exothermic.

It has also been a practice of the art in the production of elemental phosphorous or phosphorous pentoXide to smelt phosphate rock (tricalcium phosphate). In this process it has been necessary first to reduce the phosphorus and flux the lime with a cheap acid, silica being generally used, which reacts acid at high temperatures.

My invention utilizes the sulphur from one of the above described processes and the free lime from the other in forming calcium sul- Application filed February 9, 1928. Serial No.-253,228.

phide, which is accomplished according to any one of the following reactions:

Irrespective of any of the intermediate reactions (that is, the reactions occurring between the beginning and the end of the method herein describedsuch, for example, as the formation of calcium carbide and/or calcium phosphide) the final result is the simultaneous production of calcium sulphide and phosphoric acid with a relatively small quantity of the metal or metallic phosphide, depending upon the character of the original sulphide used.

My invention is best carried out in a crucible type electric furnace which is provided with a roof and which can be maintained practically air tight. The furnace is under slight vacuum so that the volatile products may be carried to the condensing apparatus and the gases disposed of to best advantage. In carrying out my invention in such a furnace, the calcium sulphide, ferrophosphorous or lead or copper may be tapped off at regular intervals from the crucible and are easily separated by gravity while in their molten state.

Ordinary foundry coke may be employed as the source of carbon or the charge may be briquetted by using a coking coal or tar binder, the coal or tar, or a similar substance, then acting entirely or in part as the reducing agent.

When my invention is carried outas in the first above equation, the ferrophosphorus gives a metal containing about 21% phos-- phorus, which is the most usual one formed under normal pressures. As is well known the phosphorus in ferrophosphorus seldom exceeds 25% in the best electric furnace practice.

When lead, copper, or zinc are employed some compounds of the various metals may be formed, such as Zn P but by controlling the temperatures in the collection apparatus, the production of such compounds may be regulated.

It is also possible to produce phosphorus pentasulphide and phosphorus trisulphide according to the following reactions:

Since, however, iron disulphide breaks up into iron sulphide and sulphur at a temperature below the formation point of ferrous phosphide, this reaction does not cause much 7 trouble.

The economical advantages of my process can readily be seen. IVhereas the sulphides from smelting sulphide ores are largely wasted or made into sulphuric acid, they can,

by means of my invention, be safely disposed of and utilized to advantage.

In the manner thus above described, it is possible to produce a substantially pure calcium sulphide. As is well known the constituents of ordinary phosphate rock, besides tricalcium phosphate, are chiefly iron oxide, alumina, calcium fiouride, and silica. The

major portion of the iron oxide is reduced fumes, which Vapors or fumes are suitably collected in a gas main leading from the furnace and then collected in a suitable condenser. Care should be taken during the production of phosphorus to exclude all air from the furnace. .Thus elemental phos phorus may be produced.

In making phosphoric acid by means of my invention, the furnace is charged with suitable quantities of the tri-calcium phosphate (phosphate rock), iron sulphide (or iron disulphide), coke or its equivalent, as in the case of the initial step in the production of phosphorus. During the reduction process for making phosphoric acid, a suitable quantity of air is admitted into the furnace. The reduction of the charge in the furnace thus arranged will produce phosphorus and sulphur vapors which are oxidized to phosphorus pentoxide and sulphur dioxide by the admitted air and then let off in a suitable way through a gas main from the furnace into a conduit from which they are led into a condenser or the well known Cottrell electrical precipitator. While passing through such conduit, a suitable amount of moisture is added to the vapors.

During the process thus described, the following reactions take place:

21 0 2H O =4HPO acid) II-IP0 211 0 21 1 1 0 (pyrophosphoric acid) 2ILP O 21-1 0 =4H PO phoric acid) the final product.

The novel feature of this method as applied to phosphoric acid resides in the fact that the phosphorus vapors, and sulphur vapors do not act in the same manner, the sulphur going only to S0 whereas it takes S0 to make sulphuric acid. By reason of this fact, the two vapors can be separated in the Cottrell precipitator and the S0 later oxidized and converted to sulphuric acid. By means of my invention, it is, therefore, possible to use sulphide slags in the smelting of tricalcium phosphate (phosphate rock) whether elemental phosphorus or phosphoric acid is produced.

It should be noted that in carrying out my method, there is a large amount of carbon monoxide which results from the reactions set forth. If desired, this carbon monoxide can be dispose-d of commercially, or it may be used in my method for preheating the stock and the air.

In practicing my invention for the manufacture of phosphoric acid, it is characterized by the fact that a relatively large amount of sulphur is driven off from the furnace charge along with the phosphorus (especially if iron disulphide is used as the source of the sulphur). The sulphur burns to sulphur (metaphosphoric (orthophosdioxide and the phosphorus to P 0 The latter 'isstrongly hygroscopic, while the former is weakly so. In the collection of phosphoric acid by means of the Cottrell electrical precipitator, the discharge from the Cottrell electrical precipitator will be practically free from P 0 and contain appreciable quantities of sulphur dioxide, which later may be collected and manufactured into sulphuric acid in accordance with well known practices.

Should the sulphide slag become too viscous during the operation of the furnace, then easily fusible sulphides (such as aluminum sulphide, potassium sulphide, or magnesium sulphide) which form eutectics with calcium sulphide may be introduced into the slag.

In this Way and by this selective precipitation phosphoric acid practically free from sulphuric or sulphurous acids may be obtained.

In carrying out my invention the quantities of iron added to the furnace charge may be increased or decreased depending upon the proportion of ferrophosphorus and volatilized phosphorus desired.

IV here it is desired to produce phosphoric acid, it is possible to use a fuel fired furnace such as a cupola or blast type furnace, and thus take advantage of the large quantity of carbon monoxide generated by preheating the blast.

As is well known, the use heretofore of the fuel fired furnace for smelting phosphatic materials has been found to be uneconomical due to the large volume of practically worth less slag to be handled, the necessity of making it very acid so that it may be easily tapped and the resultant gummyrnature of the stock due to the formation of a volatile siliceous slag which condenses in the stock and provents the uniform escape of the gases.

By using my herein described process, the nature of the stock is so porous that gases easily filter through and, moreover, there is no sticky slag present which condenses in the stock and plugs the pores thereof.

Having thus described my invention, What I claim is:

1. A method of treating tricalcium phosphate comprising the reduction of tricalcium phosphate in the presence of carbon, and the interaction with such reduced phosphate of the sulphide of a heavy metal.

2. A method of treating tricalcium phosphate by reducing in a suitable furnace such phosphate in the presence of carbon and the sulphide of a heavy metal, admitting air into the furnace during the reduction operation,

collecting the phosphorous pe-ntoxide and sulphur dioxide vapors resulting from such reduction, then treating such vapors with moisture during their passage from the furnace, and then separating such vapors in a suitable precipitator, whereby phosphoric acid is produced.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name.

HAROLD E. WHITE.