US1803963A - Process of cracking petroleum - Google Patents

Description

May 5, 1931. G. EVGLOFF 1,803,963

PROCESS OF CRACKING PETROLEUM Filed Dec. 21, 1925- Patented May 5, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE GUSTAV EGLOIT, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR T UNIVERSAL OIL PRODUCTS CO]!- PAIIY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A. CORPORATION OF SOUTH DAKOTA PROCESS OF CBAG PETROLEUI Application filed December 21, 1925. Serial No. 76,640.

This invention relates to improvements in process of cracking petroleum, and refers more particularly to that type of process in which the oil is passed through a heating coil j and thence into suitable expansion chambers, the vapors removed therefrom and subjected to reflux condensin action.

The feature of ti sists, in one process, in subjecting the raw oil,

the residuum and the reflux condensate to in-.

dependent cracking conditions of temperature and pressure, delivering them each to their own expansion chamber, and then passin the vapors preferably to a common de- II p egmator. The residuum from each expansion chamber is collected and returned to the residuum coil for treatment, while the reflux condensate from the dephlegmator is likewise collected and returned to the coil adapted for heating the reflux condensate.

In order to more clearly understand the invention 1 have shown the accompanying drawing, in which the single figure is a diagrammatic view, partly in side elevation and partly in vertical section, of an apparatus in which 111 invention may be earned out.

Referring to the drawing, 1 designates the furnace in which are mounted the heating coils 2, 3 and 4 respectively. In the present instance they are shown as In one furnace,

although it is obvious that separate furnaces may he used if it is desired to more eflectivel controlfthe temperature of the coils indepen ently of each other. The coils are provided with respective transfer lines 5, 6 and 7, having throttle valves 8, 9 and 10, leading to the respective expansion chambers 8', 9 and 10'. The raw oil is delivered to the coils 2 by the feed pump 11 connected to any suitable source of raw oil supply, as, for example, gas 011, fuel oil or crude. The reflux condensate is delivered b pipe 13 and reflux pum 12 tothe inlet si e of the coil 3. The resi uum is drawn ofi from each expansion chamber through the ipes 14, each controlled by valve.15 to a header pipe 16, which in turn connects to pipe 17 through the pump 18, whereby residuum may be delivered to the inlet side of the coil .4. Some ofthe residuum may be drawn ofl elsewhere from each of the lingt e present invention conexpansion chambers throu h the pipes 19 controlled b valves 20. Li kewise some of itmay be ypassed outthrough the header, through branch pipe 21, by suitably controle valves 22 and 23. Some of the reflux may be bypassed through the branch pipe 24 by suitably controlling the valves 25 and 26. Vapors pass out of respective expansion chambers through the vapor outlet pipes 27 each'controlled by throttle valve 28, to a common header vapor line 29, leading to the lower side of a dephlegmator 30. Some of the vaplors may be independently bypassed throng the branch lines 31 by suitably controlling the valves 32 and 33. In the event, however, that the vapors are bypassed from the expansion chamber 10' it will be desirable to have a bypass line 34 provided with suitable valves 35, which isconnected with the header 29.

The reflux condensate is drawn out of the bottom: of dephlegmator through pipe 13, while the vapors pass out'of the top of the dephleator through vapor pipe 36, having throttle valve 37, and are led into condenser coil 38 thence to receiver 39. This receiver 39 is provided with gas outlet pipe 40, having throttle valve 41, and liquid drawofl' pipe 42, having throttle' valve as.

The process may be operated as follows: The charging stock, say, for example, fuel oil, may be-heated in the coil 2 to a transfer temperature of, say, 825 F., more or less and maintained under a ressure of say, 800 pounds more or less in t e coil 2 and expansion chamber 8'. The reflux condensate may be heated to a transfer temperature of say 900 F., more or less and maintained under a pressure of say, 1000 pounds more or less in the coil 3 and expansion chamber 9'. The residuum'may be heated to a transfer temperature of say, 800 F. more or less and maintained under a pressure of say 600 pounds in the heating coil 4: and expansion chamber 10'. The pressure is controlled by suitably regulating the valves 28 controlling the entrance of vapors to the dephlegmator, which is maintained under a pressure of say, 200 pounds, as may be the balance of the system to the receiver. If desired, the process 109 may be so operated that the valaor contents from any of the expansion cham ers may be in whole or in part by-passed and delivered elsewhere.

5 By means of the presentprocess, it will be seen that the raw oil, the residuum and the reflux, which are best cracked under different conditions of temperature and pressure,

- are subjected to their most advantageous conditions of cracking, all in the same process, and as a continuous operation.

I claim as my invention:

1. A process for cracking hydrocarbon oil, comprising initially subjecting charging oil to given cracking conditions of temperature and pressure, permitting the heated oil to undergo conversion in an enlarged zone, subjecting vapors evolved from the initially treated oil to dephlegmation, whereby a substantial quantity of reflux condensate is formed, separately and independently subjecting oil unvaporized by said initial crackitially treated oil for further treatment therewith.

' GUSTAV EGLOFF.

ing conditions and the reflux condensate formed as a result of said dephlegmation to further cracking conditions of temperature and pressure, such as will efl'ect further conversion thereof and commingling the vapors released from said unvaporized oil and said reflux condensate as a result of said separate independent treatments with the vapors evolved from the charging oil as a result of said initial treatment.

2. A process for -era hydrocarbon oil, comprising initially subjecting charging oil to ven cracking conditions of temperature an pressure, permitting the heated oil to undergo conversion in an enlarged zone, subjecting vapors evolved from the initially treated oil to dephlegmation, whereby a substantial quantity of reflux condensate is formed, separately and independently subjecting oil unvaporized by said initial cracking conditions and the reflux condensate formed, as a result of said dephlegmation to further cracking conditions of temperature and pressure, such as will efiect further conversion thereof, permitting such separately treated unvaporized oil and reflux condensate to accumulate in independent bodies, taking ofi vapors from said independent bodies, and uniting regulated quantities of the unvaporized constituents from said bodies with said oil unvaporized by said initial cracking conditions.

3. A process for cracking hydrocarbon oil, comprising initially subjecting charging oil to glven cracking conditions of temperature and pressure, permitting the heated oil "to undergo conversion in an enlarged zone, subjecting vapors evolved from the initially treated oil to dephlegmation, whereby a substantial quantity of reflux condensate is formed, separately andindependently subjecting oil unvaporized by said initial crack ing conditions and the reflux condensate

Images