US1803475A - Apparatus for making bands of artificial fibers - Google Patents

Description

May 5, 1931. A. KAMP 1,803,475

APPARATUS FOR MAKING BANDS OF ARTIFICIAL FiBERS Filed Feb. 18. 1928 Z SheetS-Sheet 1 fig) May 5, 1.931. A 1,803,475

APPARATUS FOR MAKING BANDS OF AR'TIFICIAL FIBERS Filed Feb. 18, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet -2 Patented May 5,

- UNITED. sr-A'rss PATENT, osrrcs AIDOIJ! isms, or rnmmm wns'rnvnnmn, em, assrenoa we I. e. rnnn'mv- IN'DUSTBIE AKTIINGISELSCHAIT, OF

CDBPORATION OI GERMANY IRAII'KI'ORT-ON' DHE-W, GERMANY, A

arrana'rus 'ron mute mm or urn-rem mans Application filed February 18, 1988, Serial Io. 256,478, and in Germany Ian-ch 5, 1827.

In the artificial fiber industry attempts have been made to'make products from. staple fiber on the usual machinery used for mass production, but no commercial result has been attained. The reason for this isthat the apparatus which has been used for the pu ose 7 is inappropriate and that, in part depen ent on this, the product is of defective quahty;

In the processes proposed there have been used as drawing devices windin reels, centrifugal drums, bobbins, or dra rollers, by means of which the threads or groups of threads ejected from the individual spinning nozzles have been drawn from the precipitation bath for subsequently reeling or deposi-' tion in a collecting vessel.

From a commercial point of view there is the objection that the collecting devices must be changed in comparatively rapid. succession. For this purpose and for the further transfer of the collected mass of fiber to the quired: With regar larly the spinner of the finest yarns, after careful and costly selection by hand on the part of expert women, and even then a satisfactorily clean material cannot be guaranteed.

A further disadvantage belongs to'those fibrous products which have been obtained by cutting the hanks collected on reels or drums and subsequently manipulating them 1n the form of lengths, namely that it is impowble to avoid fraying and felting together of the ends of the lengths. There follows 1n the carding machine a series of obvious dlsadvantages.

If the spinner wants a band which can be mac e, for instance the carding machine, he must have a titer (thickness) as far as possible constant. To this requirement for qllllahty must be added the necessity for the c eapest possible conditions for mass product on, mvolving, among other things, the ehmlnation of wages as far as possible.

v The present invention solves the problem of attaining the aforesaid requirements. The essentials of the invention may be stated as follows, with reference to the accompanying drawlngs m which Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic elevatlon and Fig. 2 a plan of a machine for making the primary fibrous product. Fig. 3 1s a detail vlew; Fig. 4 is a sectional elevatlon of a palrofwinding drums drawn to an enlarged scale, and Figs. 5 and 6 are detail sectional views also drawn to an enlargedl scale.

(1) A strong band of fibers is formed by leadmg the bundles of threads issuing from the several spinning nozzles on their way,

thlrlough the spinning bath as nearly as poss1 e (the longitudinal axis of the spinning table) n order that theymay be further conducted 1n roomy, open, stationary thread guides (A in F1gure'3), arranged substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the spin- A ningtubes. Very long partitions (C, C) are provlded between the spinning nozzle (B, B) in orderthat Imperfect fibers issuing from improperly operatin'g nozzles may be separated om the fibersissuing from the adjacent nozzles. The deslred length is afiorded by the arrangement 'of the partitions as parallel as possible'to the longitudinal direction of the spinning table.

When air pressure is used for causing the viscose to flow there is no continuously rotatmg part in the spinning apparatus. The sp nn ng machine is reduced merely to the spinning (D. D). By the parallel guiding 1t 1s Intended and attained that the ,bath shall be very narrow, whereby both the parallel to the series of spinning tubes prog glssivelyfed to the preparatory textile I bundle of fibers and the spinning table are madaas easily accessible as possible. The spinning tables may be constructed of an length and very close to each other, for exyioo ' ample at a distance of 1 metre. At each head end of a spinning table or in common to a whole group of spinning tables, oratboth places, there is an auxiliary draft reel (E), on which merely at the starting of the whole system or of a single series of nozzles the spinning is conducted until all the fiber bundles of the corresponding spinning. table or tables have become united to a band on the reel.

(2) The fiber runs throughout the whole progress of the manufacture from the exit of the nozzles to the delivery of the band in a purified and dried condition as an endless band composed of parallel and, as far as possible, endless fibers, in one uninterrupted course, any check or stopping of the band bein' avoided as faras possible. 7 i

' (3 Correspondingly to the high mechanical exertion the band is submitted to as well as to make the most of an economical utilization of the apparatus a relatively high titer is produced, for example of 50,000 to 100,000

or more deniers. Such is possible because no accumulation occurs.

(4) A further new feature'of the invention resides in the fact that between the auxiliary draft wheel and the subsequent washing bath there is a comparatively long distance (F-G) through which the band must run. This distance, in which the band runs over a suction and draining trough (H) at a height suitable for manipulation above the floor, is provided for the purpose of giving the spinner, both when the whole apparatus is started and also duringthe changing of the several groups of nozzles, .time and opportunity to clean the newly arriving threads, either directly or after previous short draft on the auxiliary draft roller, from all portions of fiber of varying titer which are unavoidable in the spinning operation, and to splice this bundle of threads with the main threads in order that it may share the forward movement without in any way being damaged. It is especially necessary for this purpose that the splicing should be possible with avoidance of free projecting ends. -A travelling platform J is provided for the operator. I r

Besides afiording the possibility for this manual treatment the long stretch of the any other manipulation than thatwhi'ch is necessary for the continuous preparation ."of.

the band is compensated the washing liquid and for superintending the apparatus. v

The said automatic washing operation according tothe invention occurs essentially while the band is passing in numerous turns over pairs of drums (K, K) or quite generally groups of drums, made of enameled iron or the like. The band is led over or around the drums or pulleys with a speed suited to the spinning operation and increased or diminishedin limited degree only by shrinkage and stretching. (stretching is to be avoided as far as possible). In this manner the band is brought into intimate contact with the washing liquid in general on the tan ential portions of the path, and the liquid ta en up is in part again expressed on the pe'ripheral portions of the path owing to the pressure of the band against the surface of the drum. In this manner there is produced a very vigorous alternating action of the liquid on the fibers.

The peculiar and novel action of the washing and drying device is as follows (5) The drums or pulleys have a large diameter, for example 80 centimetres or more. The effect of this is that 'a chance adhering thread end, before it arrives at thectangential path leaving the drum, has time to be torn loose on the periphery of the drum.

In order to prevent adhesion and twisting, the drums are internally heated by steam or a liquid. By means of the steam thus gen- 1 erated on the heated wall of the drum, any serious adhesion of the threads is prevented. The further advantages of the large drum are as follows Owing to the large diameter of the drum the total heating effect within the washing and drying apparatus is increased. The number of rotations is diminished, as is de-- sirable, and slipping of the band on the drum is avoided. A still more important good effect of the large diameter drum-is that the curvature of the band is comparativelysmall, so that the band can be kept in the desired stretched condition. Repeated passing of the band over rollers or the like of small diameter produces an objectionable buckling and entangling of the mass of fibers.

(6) As regards the variations of the length of the band which occur during the washing and drying operation, the invention provides that the peripheries of the drums over which theendless band passes in succession shall increase or diminish at the places where the changes of length occur, that is to' say, ar-

ticularly du'ringthe removal of acid and ing, this change of periphery being in proportion to the variation of length. For this purpose, however, the change of length is taken into consideration only in part and in respect of the ripheral speed.- Any injurious effect of t e shortening or stretching of I in accordance-with the invent on by subjecting the thread the shrinkings Laoaeve tangential parts of its path, in which parts there is shrinkage or stretching, to an increasing or decreasing bending, having regard to the breaking angle. This bending may be 5 produced by a roller system arran ed in the manner of a belt tightener. Accor ing to the invention, however, there are used,-w1th advantage to the washing efl'ect, rails having ribs which act on the band like a comb, these surfaces for instance of porcelain or enameled iron On these rails the travelling band is subdivided throughout its cross section very favourably for inter enetration of the washing or other liquid ig. 5, 0,0, 0). Preferably the rails are hollow and the pro jections or ribs (N, N Fig. 5) are formed as sprayingnozzles. These comb bars are provided laterally with spring balances which show the tension exerted on the band, or instead of such spring balances the rails may be connected with counter-weights (O, 0, Fig. l) suspended over. rollers.

The up r drum of a pair of drums or the topmost rum of a group of drums may be capable of a rising and falling movement, as illustrated in Fig. 4, accordingly as the pair or group of drums is exerting toohigh or too low a'tension on the band.

According to the invention there is provided a control of the drive, such that it is possible to start the whole installation by "means of a single starter. Moreover, for

can be brought into a uniformly slow motion. This point willbe enlarged upon hereinafter. g

(7 A further feature of the invention is that the band isconducted, after the drying operation, directlyto a. heckling apparatus Q), r r (-8 As the last member of the chain of apparatus and as the last feature of the invention is to be mentioned a winder (R) follow- 5 ing directl V on the heckling apparatus. This in-known manner so that it winds 4 is a the running band constantl" without slack, so that the band is maintaine under gentle tenslon but such as will} not injure it. Any

roller, drum, or reel may be used as the 're-- ceiving device of this winder. The and stopping ofthe apparatus is as follows i The whole of the path for the band of fibers over the drums is mapped out by a strong elastic stretched cordor band, for instance of rubber, before the spinning nozzlesare set in action. Thisband must be elastig an 1 which occur in the band 0 fibers so that it sufier the stretchin and are calculated for in the apparatus.

The end of this elastic band extendsto the When there has I been ap lied .to this auxlli m1 the whole or a su cient portion or th spun the auxiliary draft reel (E l rails (L, L, Figs. 1, 5 and 6) having smooth B6 preparing for starting, the whole apparatus complete washing and drying portions of the apparatus are put gradually into motion, and I the collected bundle of fibers after the cutting are brought together with the end of the 2) The observation of the tensions whichoccur in the hand between the drums.

3) The general superintendence necessary I for machinery, such as controlling thesupply of steam and liquid, oiling and cleaning. 4) The attention require by the final winder or winders. p What I claim is zj a 1. A device for guiding and washing a continuously spun moving bundle of artificial fibers on itsway from a plurality ofspinning nozzles to the drying'device comprising a rail, said rail being provided with projectionsadapted to subdivide said bundle of filaments when travelling across said r "1, means .for

discharging afluid along the s rface of said rail contacting with sai bundle, and a 0011.

duit within said rail-for leading said fluid to said discharging means.

2. Apparatus for washing and drying a continuously spun untwisted bundle of. arti-- ficial fibers, comprising, in operative combiin and adapted to receive said bundle and to carry it forward in a helical path, at least one comb rail placed in an intermediate position between said'pair or pairs of drums in such a manner as to engage the projections of nation, at least one pair of rotatable drums or pulleys capable of being heated from with said comb rail with said bundle when moving,

means for supplying a fluid through said comb rail, means for discharging said fluid through at least some of the projections of said comb rail into said movin bundle and means for pressing said comb rai against said moving bundle so as to maintain a predator mined tension insaid bundle.

ADOLF KAMPF.

. 1 T In testimony whereof, I aflix my signature.

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