US1803230A - Machine for disintegrating waste wood - Google Patents

Description

April 28, 1931. J. BWG 1,303,230

MACHINE FOR DISINTEGRATING WASTE WOOD Filed Jari. l1. 1929 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 April 28, 1931. J. BING 1,803,230 Y MACHINE FOR DISINTEGRATING WASTE WOOD Filed Jan. 1l, 1929 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Je? yen for: J l 71j A y MW@ April 28, 1931.

J. BING MACHINE FOR DISINTEGRATING WASTE WOOD Filed Jan. 11. 1929 s sheets-sheet s Patented Apr. 28, 1931 l l JULIUS BING, 0F EISENACH-,GERMANY, AssIGivoR 'To THE FIRM MAGNET-WERK I G. M. B.

EISENACH, 'rHUnINe1A, GERMANY' H., EISENAGH sriizi.entrenarK Iruin 'ELEKrRoMAGNnT-APPABATE, -or

MACHINE 'non DISiNTEGBA'iIN'GWASTE WOOD'. f. 1

Application-med January 11,;19729, Serial No.

4The fibrous wood-material adapted toform the pulpy raw-material iised in, tliema'n- `ufacture of cellulose, paper l`and., `cardboard. has heretofore beenmade by grindingof ythe' wood which in theforin oftrunk-ivoodbeing cut into fixed lengths was kept fory thispurpose in contact With a grindstoiie. `Thesaidy method requires a disproportionately .large amountl of work,y dueto the fact that .tlie wood is convertedin a single workingrstep fromthe long-tailed timber forininto theV ground material. Moreoveraccordingtothe said known method the working. up of waste wood of irregular form is not possible. y

According to my invention an extremely high reduction of the mechanical work is at -4 tained by previously disintegratingthe wood into coarse pieces by splitting, breaking, cutting or shearing, before, it isnconvertedd into the final raw-materialk adapted to frm 'a pulp. The aniountqof mechanicalff` work 1 which is necessaryl for.tlie.sai d working. oper-` ations is extremely/smaller thanthe; amount of mechanical workl which is necessary forl the grinding; vMoreover the` improved method accordingto the invention involves thegreatadvantage that all woodleftas wastes in other industrial branches `may be worked upto avaluable fibrous Wood inate'- Y rial, this working eect being not possible with the known preparatory Working ma-` chines. .Y f .y- .A n

According tol my invention tliefprevious disintegration is executed in a machine similar 4to crushing mills. `The saidl machine substantially comprises a casing which is provided or the inside with slanting ribs, `preferably formed with V,cutting edges and a rotary body being arranged in -said casing and ,beingv also provided `with longitudinal. ribs which mayjform cutting-edges; The said rotary body istaperingoii` towardsthe inlet at first in averyacuteangle and then-in( an angle forming-1a. steep incline with the axis of the rotary body.'- The .ribs of the rotaryv body are adapted to cooperate with the ribs of the casing to effectthevdisintegrationof the wood, itbeing essential that atileast one ofjtlie ribs or another element being adapted for this purpose protrudes beyond 'thatfpart lustrated;

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331927,* and in*v Germany. Janiiary; 17, iaasf@ towardsthejaxisof rotation;y

vThis device is adaptedto convertthe waste wood of irregularform into anfeven interumediate product.V The said even product yis thenfurther.disintegrated in a-second device "may be yincorporated "into `a unitary lconstruction togetherwithfthe yfirst device. '.Thefsaid 4second device may, be'ofshorter arial Vlength than the first device', and the disintegratiiig elements of saidv second device [are vof finer conformationfthan those of fthe first device. "Aft'erliaving passed "the second device the goods maybe rground in the known manner to be converted into the final rawiiiaterial adapted to forma. pulp so vfar as the said final product Ahas not yet been reached bythepreceding working operations'. lin-the "drawings two. preferred embodiments of apparatus 1 lfor carrying out the process according to my..inventionareil-y f Figli is aivertical axial-sectionof amachine with afvertical axisof rotationiV l Fig. 21s `a horizontal sectionaccording the'rotary'bodywhicli ist,` tapered 1" Figf .isga side-elevation .anda partial sectionin yacplanleyat rightaiigles to'that of Figli, 1' Y. 1 a] Fig, is la vertical 'axialsection `'of af device with a horizontal aXis-oflrotation.

Figs. to f8` illustrate iii a larger. scalefs'pei cial disintegra/ting elementsof the secondary gdisintegratingzoiie; A.

f iFor the natu-rev of theinvention it is offiio importance whetherithe shaft of the machine `is vertically arranged, as shown in Figsgl to Sjor -horizontally.arranged7 as sliownrin 1 Thegdisi'iitegra'ting machine according: to "90 theFigsfl to`13 coinprisestwo main'parts:

The casing *11 which isillustrated inthe form of an'iipright hollow" cylinder fand "a rotary body 3 ',which is arranged Vin said cylinder and splined oiila verticalshaft 2. l Tlie'shat :2.nioiintedvwitlilits; lower end in aL-foot `fstep'loea'ring.fwhichis arrangedin an opening Gthrough the frame 7 carrying'the said casingland which is supportedbytlie said im casing.l In both cases ferablycaststeel; L 'i "front edges with respect ofthe; directionV .of

in the *radial direction from vthe vinside of may be knieflke preferably are Het dires@- ly arranged. on the casing but as represented on special inserted pieces in the form of` hollovv cylindrical sections. In this Way abutment ribs which haifebecomeiblunt lorother- Wise damaged may easily be substituted. But the ribs mayalsozbe integral Withithe the material is pref- The rotary body lhas the formfof afbell,

ithe louter shel'lfof which is a frustumjl iof a fconertapering slightly towards above. d The closely into't'he cylinderform corresponding basis offsaid'cone isa circle fallingY rather With the inner` surfacesuoffthe ribs 9. i Thus "between: the rotary body and the casing 1.or ,the .ribs 9 of thelatter an annular cavity is formed the radial breadth 'of which is gradu- Yally"increasedffro-mk .bottom to. top, and the 'upper part ofl the `said annular cavity is Aratherlabruptly enlarged to aconsiderable extent. i"

' flvhe'rotary body 3 isV provided With ribs 10,

and according" to the'y illustrated'v embodiment eight ribs are .equally distributed vover vthe periphery. The ribs'lO may be integral with "the'rotary body to form with ita single'kpiece '35' `embodimentfhowever, such ribsare arranged v onspecial inserted pieces 10b which are in "the formof hollow frustums of cones being of cast steel. According toI the illustrated connectedV 1viththe rotary body 3 in such a "italy" that they mayf easily( be substituted. "The radial dimensions ofthe ribs .10 are .varying in such' a Way that up toV about half the-'height' of the casing 1 the outer surfaces of the` ribs or the edges of said ribs being the rotation' 'lie vthe cylindrical surface-'Which vis given through the effective inner'edge's of part theedges of the ribs are in some disside.- In the lower section the' distance is onlysmall, butin the upper section'7 at the transition of the acute-angled' frustum of cone with the upper surface of the rotary body, Ithe distance-isl gradually amore increasedjr andatthe hubportion 112, the ribs 10 go overinto therotaryrbody 3.

. In this Way' three `diderent Working zones are formed Whichare an upperzone 13v eX- tending f in the vertical j direction `approximately from the `upper side oftheV rotary body 3 to the upper edge of the' casingland the casingtothe hub12 or'to :the shaft 2 of the' rotary body 3 respectively, f a second zone "as its Working edge extends from bottom to to-p substantially in a cylindrical surface and itsfupper end issubstantially adjacent the upper edge of the vcasing 1. In this Way the conveying surface Within the zonelB nearly fills vup the lcross-sectionv of the 'latterL- On Vthe upper endof the casing l1 therei's a top piece 17` Which/forms a hopperfor ythe supply of the materialto be WorkedV and Which supports the spider 8 forming the bracket for the bearing of the shaft 2.' YAbove the said bearing a jack or bracket 18 projects from the inside of the top piecel? ina hori- Vzontal plane, and the 'said jack or bracket forms an abutment'for acrusherwhichiivill be describedafterwards. The 'edge 19`bein'g the front edge of thefabutment With respect of the directionof rotation vrofthe VVEbody 3, which edgeextends Vsubstantially in a'radial direction, lies behind the edge 20 of that arm of the spider 8 WhichV is nearest to the abutment; f Y

A The distance betweenthe edge 19 and the edge 20 'which is the rear edge ofthe said varm with respect-of the direction of rotation corresponds approximately With the thickness of boards'or other pieces of vWood vwhich have to be Worked upj The said distance may be adjusted in accordance With th'ethickness of the Wood to be Worked by displacing the bracket 18 in a circumferential direction..

lThe loWer'part of the "bell-'shapedbody 3 lis connectedV with al Wheel-body 22 lbymeans Vof screws 21.` A rim 4Vof gear Wheel`24` is lkeyed tothe peripheral part 23 'of the-said Wheel-body.` The said rim is in mesh-With a bevel gear Wheel 25 Which is mounted on4 a driving shaft 26'being in connection With any source of energy which is not illustrated in 15 of the casing, but a greater number'o'f ribs 30 and'alsok of the ribs 29 are liir'fovidedlv The 'Working' edges of the ribs 29 areradjacent the roo cylindrical surface.- formed'fby the vcuttingedges of the abutment'ledges 30. The part 31 preferably consistsof'a plurality of sectors adapted to-be substituted. l J

The last mentioned device is adapted for a subsequent disintegration of the material into fine particles.. The saiddevice may also be independent of the device which serves for the previous disintegration. The devicefor the subsequent disintegration may be adjusted for-different sizes of grain. Forv this purpose the annular bodies or sectors which bear the disintegrating elements 2 9, 30 aredetach-V ably arranged so that theyfmay be easily substituted by corresponding pieces which bear other idisintegrating: elements.- The'fknife? like elements for the subsequentdisintegration may be substituted vby grinding or rasping elements. 'f f Inthe Figs. 5 to 8 detachabler sectors are illustrated which are provided with rasping teeth. The Figs. 7 and 8 show in an`ele' vation and in across-section -a fragment of a sector which may be used as a. part ofthe an nular body 31 according to Fig. 1. "The Figs. and 6 illustrate1in Vcorresponding views a fragment of a `sector which is to'be used 'in a device for the subsequent disintegration, said device forming part'of a modified construe'- tionvwhichwill be described afterwardsf In both casesthe sector bodiesfare designated with 31a and 3316' respectively, the rasping teeth with 30a and 30?) respectively.'

In a machine which serves both forV the previous andthe subsequent disintegration passages oflarg'er` crossesection become Vnecessary on account of the'fact' that the volume ofthe material to be lworked up is increased corresponding tothe progression ofthe disintegration. Thesaidfpassages of greater area are easily to be obtained byenlarging the diameters of the body or-the bodies of revolution. Thereby also a higher 'peripheral velocity of the disintegrating:elementsis attained which is advantageous 'for the dis-` integration ofthe 'goods into line particles. A machine `o f a corresponding construction is illustrated Vin Fig. 4. Anotherpossibilityconsists in einployinga special drive for creasing the' peripheral velocityof they cutting elements for the disintegrationinto'fine particles, the said increase being. relativelytoQ the peripheralvelocity"of the cuttingiedges of the rotary body 3. 'In this case the before Amentioned cutting elements vhad tofbe indem pendently rotatable.-

As already* stated the working parts of the devicefor the previous disintegration are much larger than those of the machine described before. Moreover in the machine according to-Fig.r4 the shaft 2a of the bell-shaped rotarybody 3a is horizontally arranged and ,directly coupled with the L drivingshaft 26a.

diameters of ythe EThe operation'of the machine accordingto Figs; 1 to 3 ris the following: f

The irregular pieces of' wastev woodgare` brought into the hopper 17 of the casing V1.

The smaller pieces immediately enter into the annular space 14 and arethere disintegrated icutting, splitting, shearing, breaking, squeezingand rasping through the coop'- eration` of the Vribs 10 `of the rotary 'body 3 withthe abutmentdedgesff) of the casing. In this operation the goods are 'disintegrated tofsuch anextentthat .they form a relatively uniform massy whichgradually moves downwardlyialongthe helical ledges 9 and is Vfurther disintegrated in thesubsequently work- A ingu'device between Vthe cutting 'elements 29,30. ,i c. f fTh'e larger: pieces of woodremain at first ist in the zone. 13 .on the shoulder of the rotary further disintegrated withoutdiificulty. A

log-of-woodcoming endwise in contact-with therib 16is lsplit, and the,- subsequent working 4zis the-same asthat described.' In Va corresponding -wa-y larger pieces of wood beingl in other positions are'dis'integrated inthe upper part of themachine.

In every case .the machine dueto-the arrangement of vthe rib AV1.6 protruding upwardlyinto the space 13 reduces pieces which are most difiicult'tiobe worked, whereby clogging of the disintegrating device is avoided. rIhe pieces into' which thewood has beensplit or Vcut by thefrib 16 are `further disintegrated byl breaking,r squeezing y or shearing to 'smaller pieces which enterfinto the annular space 14 which tapers downwardly so that the goods'are further disintegrated.

Instead ofa single rib'as rib 16 protrudi ing into the space 13 a plurality of the ribs 10 maybe elongated toproject upwardly.

The number ofthe .projecting .ribs will correspond'with the sizeof the apparatus. fPiecesof wood of relatively considerable length` such` as .outside.plank's coming as waste materialv from the saw-mills -are broken by means of the abutment 18. The respective pieces of woodzare brought between the abutmentlS andthe `respective 'arm of the bearing-spider 8 into contact with the rotary body 3 (Fig'sl and 2) sothat the said pieces are taken by. the upwardly projecting rib V16 'andi broken into pieces the length of whichlcorrespondswith the:v distance `of the therv downwardly for .a certain distance' under theninfluencegof: its own weight or through the 'pushing action exerted'by the labourers. In consequencethereofthe end Y of the piece of wood whichprojects through the abutment formed by the spider 8 is .again taken by the rib 16 andbroken off.` l/Vith the said arrangement special auxiliary machines for-previously working waste wood of irregular shape are` rendered unnecessary. ,The operation ofthe machine illustrated in Fig. t substantially corresponds with the operation described above with exception of such differences which depend upon the horizontalarrangement of theV shaft 2. j Here the waste-wood is thrown into the hopp-er ,17 a. The feed of thermaterial to the zone vof the subsequent disintegration isnot effected by gravity but principally by centrifugal action. The device for subsequently disintegrating the material is differing from thecorrespond- :ing device described before inasmuch,y as the cooperating disintegratingf elementsare arranged in planes vor'fa'cesbeing substantially at rightV anglesto the. axisof-fthesrota'tion. The discharge end'of the zone fof the subsequentl disintegrationy is formed by yan. annular cavity which isenclosed with a Vcertain distance by the respective partv of thel casing la. Thesmaterial'leaving the zone of the subsequent disintegration is' centrifuged towards the saidpart of the'casing. The material finally drops out of. the'A casing through a lower opening 6a.A I n x The improved method described does .not only apply on` the manufacture of va fibrous vwood material which is a raw material necessary for many technical-purposes but'also on the economical utilization of all wastes of the industrial branehesof the wood working industry. Heretofore such wastes had Vto be burnt up, and even the burningup was combined `with difficulties on accountV of the irregularityof the material, ofthe expensive preparatory Work to render :the material adapted for being burnt in furnaces to which the materialis manually fed, of the bad utilizationY of the grate-area and of the small calorific intensity. rllheuadvantages '.ofthe material 'by a lsimple working up of waste wood.

(2) lThe production of a valuable raw material for the manufacture of artificial stone and artificial wood. f Y

For the burning up ofwaste wood the advantages are the following: v

(l) lAn improved utilization of the caloricintensity ofthe fuel and also a better utilization of the grate-area and correspondingly a considerable economy in the consumption of the fuel and an increaseof the calo, rific'eect of a steam-plant. Y

(2) A .considerable reduction of the conveying costs on account of the possibility of automatically charging and automatically conveying the disintegrated material.

(3) A considerable diminution of the danger of fire in the plants through continually removingthe wastes. Y

(4) Aggreat utilization of the' available room.Y Y i Y (5) `Cleanliness andclear arrangement in the plant. i

Iclaim: *Y f,

rl.: ln a disintegrating machine for wood, a vcylindrical casingY having slanting ribs 'onits inside," a rotatable shaft within said casing, a rotary body having a hub portion on one end which is fast to said shaft, said body having vstraight ribs Vadapted to cooperate with the ribs of said casing-'for disintegrating the wood, said body being of such a bellshape that its surface near the feeding end of the casing extends steeply declined with respect to said "casing from theghubyportion towards the casing and then slightly declined withrespect. to the casing alon-gthe walls of the same so as to form two diflerentfworking zones which are a first Zone adjacent the inlet of the casing, said zonelbeing of great radial dimension and extending substantially from the casing to the hub portion of theshaft, and a second Zone of much smaller radial dimension, saidsecond zone having the form of an annular cavity tapering towards the discharge end. g

2. In a disintegrating-machine for wood, acylindrical casing having slanting ribs .on its.inside,a rotatable shaft .Within said casing, a rotary body having a hub portion on one endwhich is Vfast to said shaft7 said body having straight` ribs' adapted to cooperate )withthe ribs of said casing for disintegrating thewood, said body being of such a bellshape that its surface near the feeding end of the casing extends steeply declined With respect to said casing from thehub portion towards the casing and then slightly declined with respect to the casing alongthe walls of the same so as to form t'wo different working zones which are a/iirst Zone adjacentthe inlet of the casing;said zone being of great radial dimension and ,extending substantially from the casing to the hubv portion ofthe shaft, and a second zoneof much smaller radial dimension said second zone having the form of an annular cavity tapering towards the discharge end, part of the ribs attached to said rotary body extending further into salid first working zone than the vremaining ri s.

3. In a disintegrating machine for wood,

i a cylindrical casing having slanting ribs on its inside, a rotatable shaft within said casing, a rotary body having a hub portion on one end which is fast to said shaft, said body having straight ribs adapted to cooperate with the ribs of said casing'for disintegrating the wood, said body being of suoli a bellshape that its surface near the feeding end of the casing extends steeply rdeclined with respect to said casing from the hub portion towards the casing and then slirhtly declined with respect to the casing along the walls `of the same so as to form two different working zones which area iirst zone adjacent the inlet of the casing, said zone being of great radial dimension and extending substantially from the casing to the hub portion of vthe shaft, and a second zone of much smaller raf dial dimension, said second zone having the form of an annular cavity tapering towards the discharge end, at least one of the ribs of the rotary bodyV extending into the part of the working zone adjacent to the inlet, said extending rib being substantially along all its length in close proximity to the ribs of the casing.

4. In a disintegrating machine for wood, a casing, a rotary member within said casing, means attached to said member and casing for disintegrating wood, said casing carrying a plurality of abutments, and means on said rotatable member adapted to coact with said abutments Vfor breaking endwise fed pieces of wood such as planks and the like.

5. In a-disintegrating machine for wood, a casing, a rotary member within said casing, means attached tovsad member and casing for disintegrating wood, a feed hopper having a plurality of abutments, and means on said rotatable member adapted to coact with said abutments for breaking endwise fed pieces of wood such as planks and the like.

6. In a disintegrating machine for wood, a casing, a rotary member within said casing, means associated withthe outer side of said rotary member andmeans associated with the inner side-of said casing for disintegrating the wood, said means being in one' part of the working zone in much closer proximity to each other than `in another part,

vthe distance of said means from each other cylindrical casing having slanting ribs on its inside, a rotatable shaft within said;k casing, a rotary body having a hub portion on one end which-is fast to said shaft,` saidibody having straight ribs substantially uninterrupted end and beingadaptedto cooperate'with the ribsl of" said casing for disintegratingthe wood, vsaid body being of4 suchk a bell-shape that lits surface near "the feeding end of the casing'extends steeply declined-:with respect to said lcasing from the hubportionfV towards the casing and then slightlydeclinedwith respect to the casing along the walls of the'same so as Sto forni two diiferentworking zones whichare a first Zone adjacent the inletof the casing, said zone being of great radialdiniension and extending substantially from the casing tothe hubiportion of the'shaft, land a secondfzoneoflmuch smaller radial dimension, said second `zone having the form of an annularcavity ytapering towards the dis-' charge end.

8. In a -disintegrating machine for wood,a cylindrical casing having slanting ribson its inside, a rotatable shaft within said casing, a

end and being adapted to cooperate with the i.

ribs of ysaid casing for disintegrating the wood, said body being of such a bell-shape that its surface near the feeding end of the casing extends steeply -declined with respect'` to said casing from the hub portion towards the casing and then slightly declined with re- Y spect to the casing along the walls of the same so as to form two different working zones which are a first zone adjacent the inlet of the casing, said zone being of great radiali dimension and extending substantially from the casing to the hub portion of the shaft, and

f a second zone of much smaller radial dimension, said second zone having the form of an annular cavity tapering towards the dis.

charge end, part of the ribs Yattached to said rotary body extending further into said first working zone than the remaining ribs.

9. In a disintegrating machine for wood, a

casing having afeeding part for the wood 1. a shaft rotatable within said casing, a bell-y shaped rotary'body von said shaft, slanting ribs'. on the inside of said casingribs on the outside of said rotary body adapted to cooperate with said slanting ribs for disintegrating the wood, two stationary abutments adjacent the feeding part of said casing, v'and /spaced apart from each other in axial direction, and an upwardly projecting abutment ments being so positioned as to hold aboard to be disintegrated in the path of said upward projecting abutment. Y

10.111 a disintegrating machine forwood,

on said rotary body, said inner and outerV abuti 70 from oneendof said rotary body to kvthe other zrvcs-ng" hayiga feeding part for the Wood', irish-5ft rotatable-'Wthinl said-Casing, a bellslrped rotary bodykv on said shaft, slantng ribsjonthe inside of said Casing, ribs on the ouffidef'of said rotary body adapted to cooferte'with said slanti-ng ribs for disintegtingtlre `Wood,` two stationary abutments adjaert the feedrg. part ofV Said easing', and sledapart from" each lother in axial directionfthe-i-rlnei one of said abutments being to ai" certa-in di'stance'displaoed in the direction of roE-ationo aid bo-dy With respect to the outer abdtmnt; and an u'pwardly projecting butmenton said rotary body, Said inner and otr abttinents bein-g?J so positioned asto hold abodt beidisntegrated in the path of Said @Wardprojecting abutment.

Inotes'tinilony' v'heref I aix my'osignatre.

. v JULIUS'BING.

:itilk

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