US1882750A - Steam generator and process - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 18, 1932. J. E. BLACK STEAM GENERATOR AND PROCESS Original Filed July 18, 1929 INVENTOR MW so a centri A return pipe 18 leads from t Patented Oct. 18, 1932 UlTED STATES PATENT OFFICE JOHN E. BLACK, 01 3111808, m IRISH, MGNOB '20 m 3.13006! 8: WILOOI ml- PANY, OF BAYONNE. NEW L QOBIOMTION m GTO! AND PROCESS Application filed July 18,1988. Serial Io. 879,1. Renewed June 8, 1889.

This invention relates to a steam generator by means of which steamvis produced and superheated. The tern rature of the superheated steam is maintained constant by heating the steam before it reaches the superheator by means of latent heat of condensation oi-a fluid that has a higher boiling point than water and regulating the amount of such heatin v In t e accompanying drawing .there is illustrated diagrammatically one type of steam generator and accessory apparatus for praciicing the invention.

In the drawing reference cates a steam and water drum of a boiler of the Babcock & Wilcox type, having pics 2 connecting the water space of the drum 1 to downtake headers 3. A bank of inclmed tubes 4 connects the downtake headers 3 to uptake headers '5. Circulating tubes 6 lead from the upper ends of the headers to the steam and .Water drum 1.

;A pipe 7 leads from the steam s ace of the drum 1 to a steam coil 8 loca in a container 9, and 9. pi 10 leads from the coil 8 to the inlet head 11 oi':.a su rheater 12 from the outlet header of whic a pipe 13 leads to a steam main or steam turbine (not shown).

A gas outlet from the boiler furnace extends to the flue 14 in whichan eeonomlzer ma be located.

urnace wall tubes 15 connected to the lower header '16 have their upper ends extending'into a vapor and ii u1d drum 17. e liquid space of the drum 17 to the circulating-pump 19 that is connected to the header 16.

A pipe 20 leads from the upper portion of the drum 17 and is provided with a valve 21 that is controlled by a thermostat 22 located in the superheated steam pipe 13. The thermostat 22 is connected by means oi the connection 23 to the thermostatically operated.

valve controlling device 24 for the valve 21.

this container into a receptacle 26 from the character 1 indi- 29-that receives steam through a pipe 30 that is provided with a valve 31 controlled by a float 32 in the rece tacle 26. A. pipe 33 leads gom the outlet 0 the pump 28 to the drum A pipe 34 leads from the pipe 20 to a steam reheater 35 for reheating steam between sta s of a turbine. This. pipe is provided Exhaust steam from a sta of the turbine enters the reheater tubes 3 in the reheater through a pipe 38 and the reheated steam passes out through the pipe 39 to the next stage'of the turbine. A thermostat 40 in the pipe 39 controls the valve 36. A pipe 41 leads from the lower side of the reheater 35 to the receptacle 26.

A branc pipe 42 provided with a pressure regulator and non-return valve 43 leads from the ipe 34 to the coil 44 inside of the drum 1. pipe 45 leads from the coil 44 to the rece tacle 26.

T e operation is as follows:

Material that has a boilin point higher than that of water, such as dip enyl oxide for example, is introduced-into the tubes 15 in an amount sufiicient to bring the upper level of the material into the drum 17, when. the

stem is being operated under normal condipil ow, and feed water is introduced into the steam boiler in the usual way to fill the same approximately to the level indicated in the wit a thermostatically controlled valve 36. r

drum 1. Part of the heat of the products of combustion is used for a part of the heat is use 15. The heat received by the tubes 15' mainl radiant heat, generates va rs in the hi neratin steam'and boiling material. High boiling vapors pass throu h the pipe 20 intothe container 9 surroun g the coil 8. The steam p from the drum 1 is first heated b of condensation of the big boiling vapors in the container 9 and then passes through the superheater 12 and out through the outlet pipe 13. The thermostat 22 regulates the The pipe 20 leads into the container 9 and, o nt of high boiling n a pipe 25 leads from the lower portion of the oon'taine 9 by contro ing rs that pass into the valve 21, thereby regulating the temperature of the lower portion of'which a pipe 27 leads to steam leaving the coil 8 in the container 9 for heating the tubes the latent heat fugal pump 28 driven by'a turbine and maintaining the temperature of the suy cable with other types of boile I claim perheated steam leaving the su rheater 12 substantially constant. When t e tempera-- ture of the superheated steam rises, the ther- Y mostat decreases the amount of vapors passing throu h the. ipe and vice versa. Gondensates rom t e high-boiling vapors pass through. the pipe into the receptacle 26 in which an a proximately constant level is maintained I y the float 32 re H ating the 10 speed of the turbine 29 which drives the centrifugal pump 28 to force the condensates into the drum 17. High boiling vapors also pass through the pipe 34 into the reheater 35, the amount 15 thereof being regulated by the thermostat 40. The vapors give up heat of condensation to reheat steam between stages of'- a turbine. The condensates therefrom pass through the pipe 41 into the receptacle26. When there Q 18 an excess of vapors of high boiling point fluid nerated in the tubes 15'over that requi for the heating of steam in the coil 8 and superhea-ting of steam in the steam reheater 35, the pressure relief valve 43 opens in the water space of the Steam and water drum 1, thuscondensing these'vapors and generating steam in this drum. The con densates pass from thecoil 44 through the pipe 45 into the receptacle 26.

A certain level of liquid is maintained in the receptacle 26 by means of the float 32 controlling the speed of the turbine 29 that drives the pump 28 to force the condensates i through the pi 33 into the drum 17. v

a By means 0 this invention, the temperature of superheated steam leaving a steam nerator can be maintained constant by addmg heat to the steam before it reaches the superheater by means of the heat of con densation of a fluid having a boiling oint higher than that of water. oxide is stated to be a suitable substance, the invention is not'limited to this particular an ce, but is applicable to any substance having the desired properties. Also while the invention has been described in connection with a boiler of the Babcock & Wilcox type,

it will be understoodthat it is equally appli- 1. A vapor generator including a furnace,

' inde ndent fluid circulating systems receiving eat from saidfurnace, one having heat .absorbing surface containing a saturated vapor at a higher temperature and lower pressure than the other,

thermal transfer relation in at least one location, and a control actuated by the fluid-in one system for regulating the heat transfer between systems irrespective of the furnace temperature.

2. A vapor generator including a furnace,

independent fluid circulating systems receiving heat from said furnace, one having; heat admitting the vapor into the-coil'llocated While dip enyl' P the two systems being in 'absorbin surface containing a saturatedva por at a her temperature and lower pressure than the other, the two msbein in thermal transfer relation to prodsce'dry uid in the System of lower generatlng temperature, and controlling means actuated by the physical characteristics in one system for reg ulating the heat transfer between systems irrespective of the furnace tem rature.

- 3. A vapor generator inclu g a furnace, inde ndent fluid circulating systems receiving eat from said furnace, one having radiant heat absorbing surface and containing a saturated vapor at a hi her temperature and lower'pressure than t e other, and the two systems being in heat transfer relation at several locations, and a temperature control actuated by the fluid in one of said systems for regulating the heat transfer between systems at one of said locations irrespective of furnace temperature.

4. A vapor generator including a furnace, inde ndent fluid circulating systems receiving eat from said furnace, one having radiant heat absorbing surface and containing a saturated vapor at a higher temperature and lower pressure than the other, the two systems being in heat transfer relation at several locations, and a fluid condition actuated control regulating the heat passing from the 'one system to the other whereby the vapor quality of one system is controlled by the other system irrespective of furnace temperature.

5. A vapor generatbr including a furnace,

independent fluid circulating systems receiv ing heat from said furnace, one having radiant heat absorbing surface and containing a saturated vapor at higher temperature and lower ressure than the other, the systems bei in heat transfer relation at locations ucing saturated and superheated vapor 1n the higher pressure system, and a temperature control actuated by the tem rature of the h' her pressure vapor to ate heat transfer tween the two systems. irrespective of furnacetemperature.

6. A vapor generator including a furnace, independent fluid circulating systems receiving heat from said furnace, one having radiant heat absorbing surface and containing a saturated vapor at higher temperature and lower pressure than the other, the systems being in heat transfer relation at locations producing saturated and superheated vapor, and fluid condition actuated controlling means regulating the heat transfer at the locations producing. unsaturated vapor irrespective o furnace temperature.

7 A vapor generator including a furnace, independent fluid circulating systems receivv ing heat from said furnace, one having radiant heat absorbing surface and containing a saturated vapor at a higher temperature and lower pressure than the 0th r, a primary amino superheater heated by the low pressure vapor, a secondary superheater the outlet temperature of which controls the heat added 1n the primary superheater irrespective of furnace temperature, and a condenser in the system of lower pressure exchangingl heat to generate vapor in the system of igher pressure.

8. A vapor generator including a furnace, inde endent fluid circulating systems receiving eat from said furnace, one having radiant heat absorbing surface and containing a saturated vapor at a higher temperature and lower pressure than the other, a primary superheater heated by the low pressure vapor, a secondar superheater the outlet temperature of which controls the heat added in the primary superheater irrespective of furnace temperature, a condenser in the system of lower pressure exchangin heat to generate vapor in the system of hi er ressure, and a reheater also receiving eat rom the low pressure vapor.

9. The method of steam generation which comprises establishing combustion of fuel to rovide radiant heat and hot flue gases, locatmg heat absorbing surface of a primary hi h boiling point fluid circulating system in t e zone of radiant heat, subjecting a secondary fiuidof totally different physical characteristics to the heat of the flue gases to reduce the temperature of the flue gases, and then transferring at a different location the heat accumulated by said primary fluid to said secondary fluid, and regulating heat transfer irrespective of the temperature of combustion by the temperature of one of the fluids.

JOHN E BLACK.

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