US1881545A - Steam boiler, especially marine boiler with indirect generation of the working steam - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 11, 1932. 0, HARTMANN 1,881,545

STEAM BOILER, ESPECIALLY MARINE BOILER WITH INDIRECT GENERATION OF THE WORKING STEAM Filed Feb. 24, 1930 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Oct. 11, 1932. o. H. HARTMANN 1,831,545

STEAM BOILER, ESPECIALLY MARINE BOILER WITH INDIRECT GENERATION OF THE WORKING STEAM 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Feb. 24. 1930 06L 1932- o. H. HARTMANN. 8

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Oct. 11, Q HARTMANN STEAMIBOILER, ESPECIALLY MARINE BOILER WITH INDIRECT GENERATION OF THE WORKING STEAM Filed Feb. 24, 1930 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 lnvenfor:

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Patented Oct. 1 1, 1932 1;: STATES PATENT OFFICE OTTO H. HARTMANN, OF CASSEL-WI'LHELMSHOHE, GERMANY, ASSIGFJSTtIBI TO .SCI-IMIDTSCHE HEISSDAMPF-GESELLSCHAFT M. B: H.'., OF GASSEI -WILHELMS- rect generation of the working steam by.

norm, GERMANY STEAM BOILER, ESPECIALLY MARINE BOILER WITH INDIRECT GENERATION OF THE WORKING STEAM Application filed February 24, 1930, Serial No. 431,027, and in Germany March 2, 1929.

The present invention relates to steam boilers, especially marine boilers, with indimeans of a heat carrier circulating in a closed system. 1

The invention consists in forming the heatreceiving parts of the circulating tube system for the heat carrier as a series of looped tubes, parts of which constitute walls of the combustion chamber exposed to theradiant heat of the furnace, such parts being continued Without interruption to provide a heating surface on which the hot gases play, while in addition the looped tubes are so shaped and arranged that they lie in one or more substantially horizontal fines disposed above the combustion chamber and assist in defining spaces for the reception of superheater, feed-water preheater or the like.

The heating surface for the superheater or the like can be arranged in the flue directly connected to the combustion chamber or in a following flue. As the tubes of the circulating system constitute the walls and crown of the combustion chamber, the superheater, even if disposed in the first flue, issuificiently protected from radiant heat. On the other hand, as the hot gases have been cooled only by the walls receiving radiant heat from the furnace, they enter a superheater flue at a,

comparatively high temperature so that a sufliciently high degree of superheat is as sured. I

If, however, for example with oil firing or, the like, the hot gases from the furnace enter the first flue with too high a temperature, then, as above mentioned, the superheater may be arranged in the second flue. Even in such a case, there is still sufficient heating surface beyond the superheater to cool the hot gases to such an extent that a loss of efliciency in the working of the boiler is avoided.

Finally, between the last flue defined by help of the heat-carrier circulating tube system and the uptake of the boiler, a feed-Water heater heated by the flue gases or an air preheater for the combustion air or both in series, may be arranged, in which case a further lowering of the temperature of the flue gases occurs so that a still higher efiioiency of the boiler is-attained.

Referring to the accompanying drawings,

which show certain constructional forms of the invention by way of example, applied to a marine boiler Figure 1 is a longitudinal section on the line I'I of Figure 2;

Figure 2 is a cross section on the line IIII of Figure 1, these two figures showing one form of the invention;

Figure 3 is a longitudinal section on the line III-III of Figure 4:, and I Figure 4 a cross section on the line IVIV of Figure 3, showing a second form of the invention; while finally Figures 5'to 8 show details.

Referring to the form of the invention shown in Figures 1 and'2 ap lied to a marine boiler, two combustion cham ers, 1 and 2, are provided, the side walls and crown of which are formed by tubes, 3, which continue into the looped portions, 4, forming in association with each combustion chamber a substantially horizontal flue, 5. These tube systems, 3, 4, are connected below to the water header, 8, surrounding the grate, 7, and above to the laterally-disposed drum, 9, in which the steam generated by heating the Water in the tubes, 3, 4, separates out and is led to the heating system, 10, in the steam-generating drum, 11, the condensate passing'thencethrough downcomers, 12, to the lower chamber, 8. The water space of the intermediate drum, 9, is connected by downcomers, 13, to the water headers 8.

As shown in Figure 1, the tubes, 3, of the combustion chamber are arranged so close together that the walls and crown are continuous except at one end where the tubes of the crown are spaced apart so that an outlet passage, 14, is provided to the flue, 5. The tubes, 3, 4, are so bent into continuous loops that in the space within the loops in the flue, 5, a steam superheater, 15, is accommodated which is protected from the radiant heat of the furnace by the tubes, 3, forming the crown of the combustion chamber.

The flue, 5, may be closed in above by arother. Inv order, however, not to lose too much heating surface in this region, it is desirable to space the tubes, 4, apart as shown in the drawings so that the hot gases can pass 5 among them and come in contact with as large a surface as possible.

The outlet from the flue, 5, in this case is formed by a movable wall, 16, running on rails, 17, which lie on the uppermost row of tubes, 4. This wall orvalve, 16, is cooled by the tubes, 4, in front of it while owing to the fact that the valve, 16, does not rest directly on the tubes but on the rails, 17, provided to receive it, the tubes are not displaced or otherwise interfered with due to movement of the valve.

The displaceable wall, 16, also serves for regulating the temperature in the superheater, 15.

In the end position of the valve, 16, shown in Figure 1 all the hot gases from the furnace stream over the superheater tubes and in this case, therefore, the highest temperature of superheat is reached. If the valve on the other hand is moved into its extreme end position to the right, an opening is provided at the left-hand end while the outlet duct at the right is closed so that the gases pass through the outlet, 14, from the combustion chamber and avoid the superheater by passing through only that part of the flue, 5, to the left which contains no superheater tubes, to escape fina ll through the open outlet at -the left-hand si e of the valve, 16. The superheater, 15, is'therefore in this case out out altogether.

By adjustment of the valve, 16, to intermediate positions between the two extreme end positions, the temperature of superheat 40 can be correspondingly regulated.

Beyond the tubes, 4, in the space on each side of the upper drum, 11, which is common to the two furnaces, a feed-water heater, 18, and an air preheater, 19. are arranged in series in the hot gases. The tubes of these heaters are horizontal so that they are substantially parallel to the flue, 5.

The combustion air to be preheated passes into the casing of the preheater, 19, through an opening, 20, at one end and leaves at the other end by way of a duct, 21, or the like leading below the grate, 7 of the furnace. A door, 22, is provided in the lower part of the-uptake, 23, in front of the tube ends of the air preheater. In the casing of the preheater, bafiies, 24, are provided in order to give the air as long a path as possible through the casing in counter current to the hot gases and to bring the air into the most intimate contact with the heated tubes of the preheater.

In the second form of the invention shown in Figures 3 and 4, the same reference letters are used to denote the corresponding parts in Figures 1 and 2, while the following modifications are made Two upper drums, 11, are provided for the generation of the working steam.

The heat-receiving tubes, 3, 4, of the circulating tube system of the heat carrier are so shaped and arranged that beyond the flue, 5, containing the superheater, 15, a second flue, 6, parallel to the first is formed while the air preheater, 19, is arranged beyond this second flue.

Between the first and second flues, 5 and 6,

at the middle of their length, a wall or partition is formed of tubes, 4, in contact with one another, while at the two ends of the first flue, 5, the tubes, 4, are spaced apart so that two outlet ducts, 25, 26, (Figure 3) are provided leading to the next flue, 6, the ducts, 25, 26, being preferably controllable by valves or the like.

In the form of the invention shown, the ducts, 25, 26, are provided respectively with valves, 27 28, so that movement of one valve, for example, 27, to open the corresponding duct, 25, causes the other valve, 28, to close its duct, 26.

By help of these valves, the temperature of superheat can be regulated while in addition the superheater, 15, for example, when starting up or stopping, can be completely out out, the right-hand duct, 26, being closed by the valve, 28, and the left-hand duct, 25, being open due to movement of the valve, 27, to the right from its position in Figure 3, so that the hot gases from the combustion chamber must pass through the ducts, 14 and 25, directly to the second flue, 6, and thus bypass the superheater, 15.

In the flue lying below the air preheater, 19, the tubes, 4, as in Figure 3, are so arranged that they lie in different planes so that the hot gases can flow among them.

In the space between the loops of tubes, 4, in this region, an obturator body, 29, is arranged so as to prevent the flue gases filling the entire flue and so reducing their velocity.

By means of the obturator, the gases are compelled to pass into the spaces between the individual tubes at acomparatively high velocity.

In addition as the-tubes of theflue, 6, are

not covered above, the gases flowing between them also heat the bottom of the casing of the air pro-heater, 19, from the outside so that the efliciency of the heater isincreased.

In the form of the invention shown, a

working steam drum, 11 is provided foncach j furnace, the two drums being symmetrically arranged one on each side of the centre plane of the double boiler, the air pro-heaters, 19, (see Figure 4,) being arranged in the unoccupied spaces at the sides.

' Between the furnaces and also above and below the working steam drums, 11, (and also in the example first described) inspection passages, 30, 31, are provided. By way of the passage, 31, access is obtained to the drums,

11, and their connections as well as to the motor, 32, for the fan arranged above the drums, 11 i In both forms of the invention, the tubes, 4, may he maintained and supported at the correct distance apart at the bends by the arrangement shown in Figures 5 to 8. The tube lengths, 4, are surrounded at the bends by a band, 33, and between the individual tubes, 4, are distance pieces, 34, the tubes and distance pieces being held together by driving in a wedge, 35, between a tube, 4, and a re movable yoke or bridge, 36, at the end of the legs of the band, 33.

Each distance piece, 34, is provided at one end with a square hole, 37, so that by the introduction there-into of a suitable square rod, the distance piece can be swung into and out of position between the tubes, 4.

The band, 33, can, as shown in F igures' 2 I and 4, be supported by the casing of the boiler.

The superheaters, 15, in both forms of the invention described, are so supported that they can be readily inserted or removed.

At the bends, thetubes are fastened by eyebolts, 38, to plates, 39, which are connected on one side of'the superheater with the steam headers, 40, and on the other side by angle irons, 41, resting on the bands, 33. When inserting and removing the superheaters, 15, their steam headers, 40, slide between upper and lower rails, 42, while at the other end the superheater is carried by the rail, 41, resting on the band, 33. 1

In addition, it will be seen that the bends of the tubes, 4, and the superheater, 15, are readily accessible from outside through openings in the boiler casing which can be closed by removable covers, 43. v

In order to facilitate cleaning the horizontal tubes of theair preh'eater, 19, a manhole, 44 (Figure 3) is provided and the doors,

22, are arranged in the lower part of theuptake 23. In addition, the tubes of the feedwater heater,-18, (Figure 1)'are also readily accessible from outside whilev the superheater flue, 5, is provided with a manhole, 45. I claim i I 1. Boiler for indirectly generating steam which is provided with a closed tube system for a circulatin heat carrier having parts receiving heat rom the boiler furnace and its combustion gases, and parts giving up heat in the boiler drum, wherein the heat receiving parts of said tube system comprise a series of tubes connected to an intermediate drum with which the parts of the tube system giving up heat also communicate, said tubes being bent and arranged whereby portions thereof form walls of the combustion chamber and continuations of said portions define the roof of the combustion chamber and walls of a flue above the combustion chamber having a side free of any portion of the closed tube system to enable insertion and removal of a heat exchange element within whereby portions thereof form walls of the combustion chamber and continuations of said portions define the roof of the combustion chamber and walls of a flue above the combustion chamber having a side free of any portion of the closed tube system to enable insertion and removal of a heat exchange element within said flue Without disturbingsaid tube system, said drum being located higher than the roof of the combustion chamber and on the side of the flue which is free of tubes.

3. Boiler for indirectly generating steam which is provided with a closed tube system for a circulating heat carrier including an intermediate drum and tubes receiving heat from the boiler furnace and connected to said drum, said tubes being bent and arranged whereby some of the tubes form one side wall of the combustion chamber while others form the other side wall and the roof thereof, and continuations of all the tubes form one side wall and the roof of a flue above the combus-f tion chamberhavinga side free of tubes to bustion'chamber and on the side of the flue which is free of tubes.

4. Boiler for indirectly generating steam which is provided with a closed tube system for a circulating heat carrier having parts receiving heat from the boiler furnace and its combustion gases, and partsgiving up heat in the boiler drum, wherein the heatreceiving parts of said tube system comprise a series of tubes connected to an intermediate drum with which the parts of the tube system giving up heat also communicate, said tubes being bent and arranged whereby portions thereof form walls of the combustion chamber and. continuations of said portions define walls of a .flue above the combustion chamber having a side free of tubes to enable insertion and removal of a heat exchange element within said flue, said flue being provided with an outlet at each end, the outlets comprising spaced apart tube lengths, at least one of said outlets being provided with a shut-ofl' organ.

5. Boiler for indirectly generating steam which is provided with a closed tube system for a circulating heat carrier having parts receiving heat from the boiler furnace and its combustion gases, and'parts giving up heat in'the boiler drum, wherein the heat receiving parts of said tube system comprise a series of tubes connected to an intermediate drum with which the parts of the tube system giving .up heat alsocommunicate, said tubes being bent and arranged whereby portions thereof form walls of the combustion chamher and continuations of said portions define Walls of a. flue above the combustion chamber having a side free of tubes to enable insertion and removal of a heat exchange element within said flue, said flue being provided with an outlet at each end comprising spaced apart tube lengths, each of said outlets being controlled by a shut-oft organ, the shut-ofi' organs being so coupled that one outlet closes as the other opens and vice versa.

In testimony whereof I haye aifixed my sigi nature. DTTO H. HARTMANN.

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