US1871051A - Distillation - Google Patents

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Aug-.9, 1932- H.FRANz|`-:N 13871,()51

` DIsTYILLATIoN Filed Jan. 22, 1929 nomytoz Hams Fran zen Patented Aug; 9, 1932- vUNITED STATES PATENT GFFICE HANS FRANZEN, OF MANNHEIM, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO I. G. FARBENINDUSTRIE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, F' FRANKFORTFON-THE-MAIN, GERMANY', Ai CORPORA- TION 0F GERMANY DISTILLATION Application led January 22, 1929, Serial No. 334,183, and in Germany February 8, 1928.

a low boiling point,V such as benzine, alcohols, alkyl halides and the like, or water, into the said oils, the latter being heated to temperatures above th-e boiling points of the said liquids of low boiling point. Vhen coming into contact with the hot oils or other substances being treated, the said liquids of low boiling point become strongly superheated and vapors thereof are explosively generated, within the mass of the material in the still, which vapors become intimately intermingled with the liquid Linder treatment, whereby as the result of their high force of expansion, a thorough distillation is obtained. It has also been proposed, for the purpose of introducing the liquid in a finely divided state, to employ its own vapor, or some other gas, as carrier. One defect of this method of working consists in the fact that it entails a rather considerable expenditure of energy for heating and transporting the carrier, a circumstance which has an adverse influence on the economy of the process.

I have now found that the introduction of a liquid into another liquid which is heated to a'temperature above the boiling point ofthe former, can be eected, in a simple and reliable manner, even without the use of carriers, by allowin only a portion of the'admitted current ot liquid to flow directly into the liquid under treatment, the remainder of the liquid current, being employed as a heat insulating medium between the liquid under treatment and the liquid to be introduced, inorder to prevent excessive heating and consequent premature vaporization of the latter. In order to prevent such premature vaporization, the liquid may be introduced A' under elevated pressure, the employment of which, owing .to its action in raising the boiling point of the liquid, also aords the possibility of enabling the liquid introduced to be passed at a slow rate through the apparatus, in order that, by utilizing the reserve of heat contained in the liquid surrounding the` apparatus, the liquid introduced can be heated nearly to its boiling point within the apparatus itself, a circumstance'which may be advantageous in some cases, as for example for thermotechnical reasons.

The apparatus illustrated in the accompanying diagrammatic drawing has been found particularly suitable for carrying out the prcess. A pipe C, provided with a lateral intake tube A, fits tightly at its upper end into a wider pipe D, provided with a lateral delivery tube B, the lower end of the pipe D being closed by a lid having a comparatively narrow central outlet orifice F. The outflow through the orifice F is regulated by a valve rod E passing through a stuliing box at the upper end of the pipe C; This device is inserted into a shell G. It has been found that this apparatus can be successfully employed, inter alia, for the separation of volatile substances from heavy or non-volatile substances by means of superheated steam.

The following example will further illustrate the nature of the said invention which however is not limited thereto.

Example I that :the effluent water has a temperature 0f\ for example about 175 centigrade. Under these conditions, no vaporization of the water can occur in the device. The valve E being carefullyppened, wateripasses from the 1n- ,ner pipe into the-peanut oil, where it vaporizes in an explosive manner, and the fatty acid is driven off by the resulting highly superhea-ted steam. Within a short time the peanut oil will be practically free from fatty acid.

The expenditure of energy is Isubstantially less than if the water were introduced with the assistance ofl gaseous carriers; and the amount of steam to'be condensed is also very 100 Nal considerably smaller than if superheated steam, for example, were employed as the carrier.

What I claim is l. An apparatus suitable for the distillation of organic liquids which comprises a still,` two concentrically arranged pipes in said still, both being closed at one end, and provided at said closed ends with means for admitting liquid to the inner of said pipes and withdrawing it from the outer pipe, the outer pipe being provided at the opposite end with a lid containing an aperture of a diameter considerably smaller than that of the inner p1pe.

2. An apparatus suitable for the distillation of organic liquids which comprises a still, two concentrically arranged pipes in said still, both being closed at one end, and provided at said closed ends with means for admitting'liquid to the inner of said pipes and withdrawing it from the outer pipe, the outer pipe beingprovided at. the opposite end with a lid containing an aperture of a diameter considerably smaller than that of the inner pipe, and means for controlling the area of sald aperture.

3. An apparatus suitable for the distillation of organic liquids which comprises a still, two concentrically arranged pipes in said still, both being closed at one end, and provided at said closed ends with means for admitting liquid to the inner of said pipes and withdrawing it from the outer pipe, the outer pipe being provided at the opposite end with a lid containing an aperture of a diameter considerably smaller than that of the inner pipe, and a movable stem passing through saidinner pipe and being so arranged as to control the area of said aperture.

4. In a process of distillation by the introduction into an organic liquid to be distilled of another liquid inert to said organic liquid,

and having a boiling point below that of saidl organic liquid while heating said organic liquid to a temperature above the boiling point of said inert liquid, the step of dividingsaid inert liquid into a portion introduced into the organic liquid to be distilled and vanother portion insulating the former during its introduction into the said organic liquid to be distilled.

5. In a proeess'of removing free fatty acids from a vegetable oil containing the same by the introduction into the oil of another liquid, inert to said oil and having a boiling point below that of said oil, while heating said oil to a temperature aboveA the boiling point of the said inert liquid, the step of dividing said inert liquid into a portion introduced into the oil to be distilled, and another portion insulating the former portion. from the oil during its introduction into the said oil.

6u The process for distilling organicliquids comprising conningfa body of a liquid of a lowerboiling point than the liquid to be distilled in an enclosed space in a heated.

body of said latter liquid, forming said liquid body of lower boiling point into two concentric layers whereby the outer layer insulates said inner layer and carefully injecting liquid from said inner layer into said heated liquid body.

7. The process as defined in claim 8 wherein the liquid to be distilled is an oil and the liquid of lower boiling point is water.

8. The process for distilling fatty acids from peanut oil comprising confining a body of water under a pressure of about 8 atmos-l HANS FRANZEN.

Imy hand.

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