US1849125A - Air primer for burners - Google Patents

Description

VALJEAN AIR PRIMER FOR BURN ERS Filed June 25, 1931 Patented Mar. 15, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE BEN VALJEAN, OF LANSING, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR TO MOTOR WHEEL CORPORATION, OF LANSING, MICHIGAN, A CORPORATION OF MICHIGAN AIR PRIMER FOR BURNERS Application filed June 25,. 1931.

Not only in combustion apparatus generally but'in connection with oil burners particularly a greater air supply is required during the preliminary sta es of combustion when generation of gases rom the-liquid oil is taking place .in a cool burner than'later when the burner has become heated.

In the operation of an oil burner of the carburetor type, for instance, asset forth in my Patents Nos. 1,512,869 and 1,639,202, after the oil is ignited the generation is at first comparatively sluggish, increasing as the carburetor or burner bowl becomes heated and the natural draft increases the air supply through the apertured walls of the burner. The primary function of the carburetor bowl is to pre-mix the generated gas with air in readiness for combustion which normally takes place outside the bowl in a combustion chamber, and the size of the air inlets are proportioned to effect this result." However, in order to heat the bowl and secure speedy generation of gas from theoil at the start, it has been thought necessary to enlarge the air inlet holes beyond the requirements of normal operation in order to effect combustion within the bowl during the initial stages.

The present invention has for its primary purpose the obtaining of preliminary combustion within the carburetor bowl by the admission of auxiliary air until sufiicient heat is attained to generate the oil supply into gas and then. by cutting off the extra air supply, eliminating combustion within the bowl and substituting the normal desired carburetion or pro-mixing action.

The invention has for a further purpose the hastening of generation by supplying to the burner interior during the cool-period, when the usual air supply is inadequate, an auxiliary priming supply of air. which auxiliary air is gradually cut off as the burner becomes heated and the induced draft through the apertured walls of the burner supplies sufficient air to maintain normal operation.

In order that the invention may be readily understood. the accompanying drawings and the following description predicated thereon set forth a preferred form of the device.

Serial No. 546,828.

quantities properly proportioned to maintain proper carburetion of the gases generated from a supply of oil indicated at 13 ,in the pan 14:, the oil being supplied through the pipe 15. The invention, however, is not limit- .ed to this particular type of burner.

For the purpose of supplying additional air to the burner during the incipient stages of generation and combustion a tubular priming device 16, preferably of L shape and comprising a horizontal portion 17 and a vertical portion 18, has its horizontal portion tapped into the burner at 19.

The vertical extension of the primer is provided with a valve seat at 20, with which cooperates a valve member 21 guided by a stem 22 within a downward projection 23 of the device. valve is limited by its contact with the valve seat 20. while its upward movement and disassembly is controlled by a setscrew 24.

Intermediate its length the valve stem is shouldered at 25, the lower face of which shoulder is engaged by the movable end 26 of a bi-metallic thermostat anchored at 27 in the tubular chamber formed by the horizontal portion 17 of the device and thus exposed'to the heat within the burner 11.

The relation of the shoulder 25 and the thermostat 26 is such that when the burner is cool the parts occupy the position indicated in Fig. 2, the weight of the valve being sustained by the movable arm 26 of the thermostat, and when the burner becomes heated the thermostat arm bends downwardly permitting the valve to subside by force of gravity and the valve head 21 to contact the seat 20,

The downward movement of the thus closing the valve against the entrance of air at the open end of the vertical portion of the device.

At 28 the vertical wall of the device is provided with one or more small bleeding apertures which remain open and serve a purpose hereinafter referred to.

Until the burner becomes heated to a substantial extent after ignition of the oil within the pan the parts occupy the position shown in Fig. 2, an auxiliary supply of air to the burner being furnished through the device. As the temperature in the burner increases and the flow of air through the apertures 12 increases, the thermostat bar gradu ally bends downward permitting the valve 21 to close graduall until when the burner is in normal operation the valve is entirely closed. Reverse operation takes place when the supply of oil is shut off save for the maintenance of the small uantity in the pan as a pilot, the gradual coo ing of the burner will permit a progressive opening of the valve whereby the maintenance of a smokeless pilot flame is assured.

After the closing of the valve 21 upon its seat 20, there is a tendency of the mixture of oil vapor and air to eddy into the interior of the priming device, with the possibility of condensation and a gummy deposit causing the valve to stick. The provision of the apertures 28 produces a bleeding action of air into and through the device to the burner in a small quantity sufiicient to scavenge the same of the products of combustion, thus keeping the same free of deposit.

It has also been found that where burners of the carburetor type are employed with one of the cheaper or heavier oils as fuel, the generation of the gas tends to form a deposit of coke in the bottom of the bowl; this for the reason that the normal introduction of air at the inlets is intentionally suflicient only to effect premixture and inadequate to support combustion within the bowl.

By the introduction of auxiliary air when the burner is on low fire, combustion and elimination of this carbon deposit may be secured. I

To efi'ect this result it is desirable that the incoming stream of auxiliary air be directed upon the carbon deposit or that portion of the bowl, usually the bottom, where the deposit would otherwise form, and to this end the air port itself is appropriately located or suitable means such as a d flector 29 may be employed for guiding the incoming air towards and upon the deposit.

It is to be understood also that while the employmentof a slow-acting thermostat is illustrated and described by reason of its simplicity, other forms of thermostat may be used whether acting gradually or instantaneously, the essence being the control of the auxiliary air supply by the heat of the burner,

I claim:

1. An oil burner provided with an oil inlet, air inlet ports, an auxiliary air inlet, and means controlled by the degree of heat within the burner to open and close the auxiliary inlet gradually with the lowering and raising of the temperature in the burner.

2. An oil burner provided with an oil inlet, air inlet ports, an auxiliary air inletdevice comprising a tubular member extending from without into the burner, a valve operable to close the inlet, and a thermostat subject to burner heat and acting upon the valve to close the same as the burner becomes heated.

3. An oil burner provided with an oil inlet, air inlet ports, an auxiliary air inlet device comprising a tubular member extending hori zontally from without into the burner, a valve operable to close the entrance to the, device, a thermostat disposed within the device and subject to burner heat with" its movable portion acting upon the valve to close the same as the burner becomes heated.

4. An oil burner of the carburetor type provided with an oil pan, an oil inlet, air inlet ports, an auxiliary air inlet, and means controlled by the degree of heat within the burner to open and close the auxiliary inlet gradually with the lowering and raising of the temperature in the burner.

5. An oil burner of the carburetor type provided with an oil pan, an oil inlet, air inlet ports, an auxiliary air inlet device comprising a tubular member extending from without into the burner, a valve operable to close the inlet, and a thermostat subject to burner heat and acting upon the valve to close the same as the burner becomes heated.

6. An oil burner of the carburetor type provided with an oil inlet, air inlet ports, an-auxiliary air inlet device comprising a tubular member extending horizontally from without into the burner, 21 valve operable to close the entrance to the device, a. thermostat disposed within the device and subject to burner heat with its movable portion acting upon the valve to close the same as the burner becomes heated, and a bleeding aperture to admit a modicum of scavenging air to and through the device when said inlet valve is closed.

7. An oil burner of the carburetor type provided with an oil inlet, air inlet ports, an auxiliary air inlet device comprising an L-shaped tubular member having a horizontal discharge portion extending into the burner and a vertical'inlet portion without the burner, a valve operable to close the inlet to the device by gravity, a thermostatic bar disposed within the horizontal portion and subject to burner heat with its movable portion underlying the valve and yielding to permit the closing of the valve gradually as the burner becomes heated.

' arranged to 8. An oil burner of the carburetor type provided with an oil inlet, air inlet ports, an auxiliary air inlet device comprising an L- shaped tubular member having a horizontal discharge portion extending into the burner and a vertical inlet portion without the burner, a valve operable to close the inlet to the device by gravity, a thermostatic bar disposed within the horizontal portion and subject to burner heat with its movable portion underlying the valve and yielding to permit the closing of the valve radually as the burner becomes heated, an a bleeding aperture to admit a modicum of scavenging air to and through the device when said inlet valve is closed.

9. An oil burner provided with an oil inlet, air inlet ports, an auxiliary air inlet, means controlled by the degree of heat within the burner to open and close the auxiliary inlet gradually with the lowering and raising of the temperature in the burner, and means direct the air upon the bottom of the burner.

10. An oil burner of the carburetor type provided with an oil pan, an oil inlet, air inlet ports, an auxiliary air inlet, means controlled by the degree of heat within the burner to open and close the auxiliary inlet gradually with the lowering and raising of the temperature in the burner, and means arranged to direct the air upon the bottom of the burner.

provided with an oil inlet, air inlet ports, an auxiliary air inlet device comprising a tubular, member extending horizontally from without into the burner, a valve adapted to close the entrance to the device, a thermostat disposed within the device and subject to burner heatlwith its movable portion acting upon the valve to close the same as the burner becomes heated, and a bleeding aperture to v admit a modicum of scavenging air to and through the device when said inlet valve is directing the auxiliary closed, and means for air downwardly upon the buretor bowl. I

12. An oil burner of the carburetor type provided with an inlet ports,

ottom of the caroil pan, an oil inlet, air an auxiliary air inlet, and means directing the air therefrom upon the coke deposits in the burner to consume them while the burner is on low fire, and means for closing this auxiliary inlet when the burner is on high fire.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name.

BEN VALJEAN.

- 11. Anoil burner of the'carburetor type controlled by the degree of heat produced at the burner to open and close the auxiliary inlet, the auxiliary inlet being opened only when the temperature of the burner is too low for full fire generation.

13. An oil burner provided with an oil I inlet, air inlet ports, an auxiliary air inlet and means for opening the auxiliary inlet to admit a special stream of air for freeing the pilot fire from smoke, this inlet when the burner is on high fire.

14. An oil burner provided with an oil inlet, air inlet ports, an auxiliar air inlet,

means for opening the auxiliary air inlet and and means for closing

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